Diversidad de anuros en diferentes coberturas vegetales presentes en el complejo p?ramo de almorzadero, Colombia

108 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl complejo p?ramo Almorzadero es un sistema paramuno ubicado en los departamentos de Santander y Norte de Santander; este complejo es de gran importancia ecol?gica debido a la presencia de un n?mero significativo de acu?feros, contiene diversos componentes bi?ticos relevantes y su ubicaci?n le permite ser un corredor entre p?ramos. En la actualidad este complejo ha sufrido una serie de presiones antropog?nicas, como el avance de la frontera agropecuaria, desforestaci?n y miner?a que han disminuido las coberturas vegetales naturales, fragment?ndolas y conllevando a la perdida de la Biodiversidad. Entre los meses de marzo y septiembre del 2015 se realizaron salidas de campo con el objetivo de caracterizar la anurofauna en cinco coberturas vegetales presentes en el complejo. Se registraron seis especies de anuros representadas en tres g?neros y dos familias. Las especies registradas est?n distribuidas en la zona de frontera de los Andes de Colombia y Venezuela y una est? catalogada como vulnerable. La composici?n de las especies de anuros en las coberturas vegetales mostr? diferencias significativas entre p?ramo, ?reas de cultivo, matorrales y bosque. Los Anuros no son ajenos a estos cambios producidos en estos ambientes, ya que son sensibles a los cambios en la calidad del h?bitat debido a la transformaci?n del mismo, que afecta la diversidad, abundancia y distribuci?n. Debido a la transformaci?n del paisaje que sufre el complejo es de gran importancia el conocimiento de la diversidad presente en esta ?rea del territorio. Palabras claves: anurofauna, p?ramo, biodiversidad, paisaje, deforestaci?nThe paramo Almorzadero complex is a paramuno system located in the departments of Santander and North Santander; This complex is of great ecological importance due to the presence of a significant number of aquifers, it contains diverse biotic components and its location allows it to be a corridor between wastelands. At present, this complex has suffered a series of anthropogenic pressures, such as the advance of the border, agriculture, deforestation and mining that have diminished the natural vegetation coverage, fragmenting them and leading to the loss of Biodiversity. Between the months of March and September of 2015, field trips were carried out with the objective of characterizing the anurofauna in five vegetal coverages present in the complex. Six species of anurans represented in three genera and two families were registered. The species are distributed in the border area of the Andes of Colombia and Venezuela and one is classified as vulnerable. The composition of anuran species in cover, growth levels, scrub and forest. The Anurans are not oblivious to a change in these environments, which is sensitive to changes in the quality of the habitat due to its transformation, which affects diversity, abundance and distribution. Due to the transformation of the landscape that has the complex of great importance the knowledge of the diversity present in this area of the territory. Keywords: anurofauna, paramo, biodiversity, landscape, deforestation

Capacidades de las empresas públicas en el Perú : una perspectiva de gestión de innovación, caso Electronorte S.A.

El Perú se caracteriza por mantener un modelo económico basado en recursos, el mismo que es calificado como inviable en el mediano plazo por distintos cambios que afectan en su mayoría a los países emergentes. Ante esta circunstancia, surge la necesidad de dirigir el modelo económico hacia una economía basada en innovación. La innovación por lo general se ha vinculado con el sector privado porque éste depende de su correcta aplicación y su adaptación a los mercados. Sin embargo, el sector público no se puede mantener al margen de los cambios que suponen un esfuerzo innovador, porque sus actividades son necesarias para alcanzar el crecimiento y el desarrollo del país. Bajo este contexto, las empresas públicas de electricidad enfrentan el desafío de expandir sus redes y reforzar las existentes para satisfacer la demanda actual, así como, garantizar un sistema fiable, rentable y fuente de alimentación sostenible del mañana; el cual requerirá de la innovación para satisfacer esta necesidad sin precedentes. Por ende, el presente trabajo describe la situación actual de Electronorte S.A., determina las capacidades y los niveles de innovación tecnológica y, analiza las barreras que dificultan la gestión de la innovación en la empresa objeto de estudio

Potential species richness of frogs and diurnal butterflies in three biogeographical units from northeastern Colombia: conservation Implications

We present an estimation of the potential species richness of frogs, and diurnal butterflies distributed in the departments of Norte de Santander and Santander, Colombia, and analyze the implications for conservation of such high Andean species. From June 2012 to May 2016, we sampled across the Almorzadero, Santurbán and Tamá biogeographical units to gather presence data of 7 anuran species and 29 butterflies species from the superfamily Papilionoidea. We modeled the potential distribution of each species, converted every model to binary, and the sum up of unique species per cell allowed to estimate the model of potential richness, generating the total number of species for every 1 km2 cell. Every model was validated against field data, vegetation cover, and altitude. Our results suggest the existence of species’ concentration zones, specifically in the places of convergence between biogeographical units; it was evident the high levels of data deficiency in some places. Finally, it was clear the importance of these zones as a continuum of biogeographic conditions to maintain the biological diversity.Presentamos una estimación de la riqueza potencial y las implicaciones para la conservación de especies altoandinas de anuros y de mariposas diurnas, distribuidas en los departamentos de Norte de Santander y Santander. Durante junio de 2012 y mayo de 2016 se realizaron muestreos de campo en las unidades biogeográficas de Almorzadero, Santurbán y Tamá, para registrar los datos de presencia de siete especies de anfibios del orden Anura y 29 de mariposas de la superfamilia Papilionoidea. Realizamos modelamientos de la distribución potencial de cada especie, convertimos cada modelo en binario, y la suma de especies únicas por celda permitió estimar el modelo de riqueza potencial, obteniendo el número total de especies por cada celda de 1 km2; a su vez, los modelos fueron superpuestos sobre información de campo, cobertura vegetal y altitudinal. Nuestros resultados sugieren que existen zonas concretas de concentración de especies en las zonas de convergencia entre las unidades biogeográficas, así como zonas con vacíos de información. Resaltamos la importancia de estas zonas como un continuo de condiciones biogeográficas para mantener la diversidad

Voces y diferencias - Poesía.

La presunción según la cual la poesía es un diálogo que tiene como fin expurgar ignotas regiones de la memoria, al tiempo que sitúa la palabra en el vago presente -constelación de tiempo próxima y huidiza, sujeta a la fugacidad de los cambios-, define al acto creador como el ejercicio de una incesante pesquisa, la construcción de un camino donde el poeta, con las voces del pasado, con las palabras que le dona el rudo acontecer de los días, ambiciona su identidad, manifiesta sus filiaciones, desnuda sus prejuicios, hace pública la dificultad. Arduo camino modelado en el oficio, labrado en el lenguaje, hecho en el denuedo, en la íntima convicción de acceder al milagro, ese extraño y efímero evento donde parece que el poeta se desdobla y su mano es pulsada por el otro, la entidad que tiene origen en el poema. Con los pequeños hallazgos, frustraciones, ineludibles obstáculos, pero de todos modos, la devoción por el camino, a veces esquivo, de la creación, el profesorado de la Escuela de Estudios literarios ha querido ofrecer estos poemas con el propósito de establecer un diálogo entre colegas, más allá de los habituales encuentros institucionales, incitar una conversación renovada con los estudiantes y propiciar un intercambio crítico con el medio cultural de la región y del país

RADNE VRIJEDNOSTI I SOCIJALNO-KOMUNIKATIVNE VJEŠTINE STUDENATA TURIZMA

When it comes to work, tourism is very difficult and complex activity. In comparison to other sectors, tourism work is characterized by relatively low wages, the unfavourable working time that impoverishes family and social lives of employees, distinct subordination in labour relations, limited opportunities for advancement and due to all that high rates of turnover. Education of employees in tourism certainly mitigates these harsh conditions, and what is very important, education means a change in the values associated with the work. Transferring work values occurs intergenerational; it is the result of intergenerational communication. This research has thus focused on the extent to which the work values of the students studying in the field of tourism are similar to, or different from the values of the students from other academic areas. The results have shown that the current generations of students who are studying to work in the field of tourism activities are not any different from previous generations concerning those values that allow personal growth and development. However, a major difference has occurred in the area of utilitarian values. Modern generations have valued utilitarian values much higher than those generations 30 years ago, when the research which served as the basis for the study presented here was carried out.Turizam je, kada se govori o radu, vrlo teška i kompleksna djelatnost. Rad u turizmu karakteriziran je relativno niskim plaćama u usporedbi s drugim sektorima, nepovoljnim radnim vremenom koje osiromašuje obiteljski i društveni život zaposlenih, izrazitom podređenošću u radnim odnosima, malim mogućnostima napredovanja i zbog svega toga visokim stopama turnover. Obrazovanje radne snage svakako ublažava ove teške uvjete rada. Obrazovanje znači i promjenu u vrijednostima povezanim s radom. Prijenos radnih vrijednosti događa se međugeneracijski; on je rezultat međugeneracijske komunikacije. Inters ovog istraživanja bio je usmjeren prema tome u kojoj su mjeri radne vrijednosti studenata koji studiraju na području turizma slične ili različite studentima drugih akademskih područja. Rezultati su pokazali da se sadašnja generacija studenata koji se obrazuju za rad u području turističke djelatnosti ne razlikuje od ranijih generacija u području onih vrijednosti koje omogućuju osobni rast i razvoj. Bitna je razlika u području utalitarnih vrijednosti. Suvremene generacije vrednuju te vrijednosti znatno više nego one prije 30 godina, kada je izvedeno istraživanje koje je poslužilo kao osnova za istraživanje koje se ovdje prikazuje

An ultrahot Neptune in the Neptune desert

About 1 out of 200 Sun-like stars has a planet with an orbital period shorter than one day: an ultrashort-period planet. All of the previously known ultrashort-period planets are either hot Jupiters, with sizes above 10 Earth radii (R⊕), or apparently rocky planets smaller than 2 R⊕. Such lack of planets of intermediate size (the ‘hot Neptune desert’) has been interpreted as the inability of low-mass planets to retain any hydrogen/helium (H/He) envelope in the face of strong stellar irradiation. Here we report the discovery of an ultrashort-period planet with a radius of 4.6 R⊕ and a mass of 29 M⊕, firmly in the hot Neptune desert. Data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite revealed transits of the bright Sun-like star LTT 9779 every 0.79 days. The planet’s mean density is similar to that of Neptune, and according to thermal evolution models, it has a H/He-rich envelope constituting 9.0^(+2.7)_(−2.9)% of the total mass. With an equilibrium temperature around 2,000 K, it is unclear how this ‘ultrahot Neptune’ managed to retain such an envelope. Follow-up observations of the planet’s atmosphere to better understand its origin and physical nature will be facilitated by the star’s brightness (V_(mag) = 9.8)

A pair of Sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 characterised with CHEOPS

Funding: TGW, ACC, and KH acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant ST/R003203/1.We report the discovery and characterization of a pair of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 (TIC 79748331), initially detected in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry. To characterize the system, we performed and retrieved the CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS), TESS, and ground-based photometry, the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) high-resolution spectroscopy, and Gemini speckle imaging. We characterize the host star and determine Teff,⋆=4734±67K⁠, R⋆=0.726±0.007R⊙⁠, and M⋆=0.748±0.032M⊙⁠. We present a novel detrending method based on point spread function shape-change modelling and demonstrate its suitability to correct flux variations in CHEOPS data. We confirm the planetary nature of both bodies and find that TOI-1064 b has an orbital period of Pb = 6.44387 ± 0.00003 d, a radius of Rb = 2.59 ± 0.04 R⊕, and a mass of Mb=13.5+1.7−1.8 M⊕, whilst TOI-1064 c has an orbital period of Pc=12.22657+0.00005−0.00004 d, a radius of Rc = 2.65 ± 0.04 R⊕, and a 3σ upper mass limit of 8.5 M⊕. From the high-precision photometry we obtain radius uncertainties of ∼1.6 per cent, allowing us to conduct internal structure and atmospheric escape modelling. TOI-1064 b is one of the densest, well-characterized sub-Neptunes, with a tenuous atmosphere that can be explained by the loss of a primordial envelope following migration through the protoplanetary disc. It is likely that TOI-1064 c has an extended atmosphere due to the tentative low density, however further radial velocities are needed to confirm this scenario and the similar radii, different masses nature of this system. The high-precision data and modelling of TOI-1064 b are important for planets in this region of mass–radius space, and it allow us to identify a trend in bulk density–stellar metallicity for massive sub-Neptunes that may hint at the formation of this population of planets.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

TOI-836 : a super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf

Funding: TGW, ACC, and KH acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant ST/R003203/1.We present the discovery of two exoplanets transiting TOI-836 (TIC 440887364) using data from TESS Sector 11 and Sector 38. TOI-836 is a bright (T = 8.5 mag), high proper motion (∼200 mas yr−1), low metallicity ([Fe/H]≈−0.28) K-dwarf with a mass of 0.68 ± 0.05 M⊙ and a radius of 0.67 ± 0.01 R⊙. We obtain photometric follow-up observations with a variety of facilities, and we use these data-sets to determine that the inner planet, TOI-836 b, is a 1.70 ± 0.07 R⊕ super-Earth in a 3.82 day orbit, placing it directly within the so-called ‘radius valley’. The outer planet, TOI-836 c, is a 2.59 ± 0.09 R⊕ mini-Neptune in an 8.60 day orbit. Radial velocity measurements reveal that TOI-836 b has a mass of 4.5 ± 0.9 M⊕, while TOI-836 c has a mass of 9.6 ± 2.6 M⊕. Photometric observations show Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) on the order of 20 minutes for TOI-836 c, although there are no detectable TTVs for TOI-836 b. The TTVs of planet TOI-836 c may be caused by an undetected exterior planet.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

TOI-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf

We present the discovery of two exoplanets transiting TOI-836 (TIC 440887364) using data from TESS Sector 11 and Sector 38. TOI-836 is a bright ($T = 8.5$ mag), high proper motion ($\sim\,200$ mas yr$^{-1}$), low metallicity ([Fe/H]$\approx\,-0.28$) K-dwarf with a mass of $0.68\pm0.05$ M$_{\odot}$ and a radius of $0.67\pm0.01$ R$_{\odot}$. We obtain photometric follow-up observations with a variety of facilities, and we use these data-sets to determine that the inner planet, TOI-836 b, is a $1.70\pm0.07$ R$_{\oplus}$ super-Earth in a 3.82 day orbit, placing it directly within the so-called 'radius valley'. The outer planet, TOI-836 c, is a $2.59\pm0.09$ R$_{\oplus}$ mini-Neptune in an 8.60 day orbit. Radial velocity measurements reveal that TOI-836 b has a mass of $4.5\pm0.9$ M$_{\oplus}$ , while TOI-836 c has a mass of $9.6\pm2.6$ M$_{\oplus}$. Photometric observations show Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) on the order of 20 minutes for TOI-836 c, although there are no detectable TTVs for TOI-836 b. The TTVs of planet TOI-836 c may be caused by an undetected exterior planet

NGTS-4b: A sub-Neptune transiting in the desert

We report the discovery of NGTS-4b, a sub-Neptune-sized planet transiting a 13th magnitude K-dwarf in a 1.34d orbit. NGTS-4b has a mass M=$20.6\pm3.0$M_E and radius R=$3.18\pm0.26$R_E, which places it well within the so-called "Neptunian Desert". The mean density of the planet ($3.45\pm0.95$g/cm^3) is consistent with a composition of 100% H$_2$O or a rocky core with a volatile envelope. NGTS-4b is likely to suffer significant mass loss due to relatively strong EUV/X-ray irradiation. Its survival in the Neptunian desert may be due to an unusually high core mass, or it may have avoided the most intense X-ray irradiation by migrating after the initial activity of its host star had subsided. With a transit depth of $0.13\pm0.02$%, NGTS-4b represents the shallowest transiting system ever discovered from the ground, and is the smallest planet discovered in a wide-field ground-based photometric survey