Voltage sensitivity analysis to determine the optimal integration of distributed generation in distribution systems

This paper presents a voltage sensitivity analysis with respect to the real power injected with renewable energies to determine the optimal integration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution systems (DS). The best nodes where the power injections improve voltages magnitudes complying with the constraints are determined. As it is a combinatorial problem, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and simulated annealing (SA) were used to change injections from 10% to 60% of the total power load using solar and wind generators and find the candidate nodes for installing power sources. The method was tested using the 33-node, 69-node and 118-node radial distribution networks. The results showed that the best nodes for injecting real power with renewable energies were selected for the distribution network by using the voltage sensitivity analysis. Algorithms found the best nodes for the three radial distribution networks with similar values in the maximum injection of real power, suggesting that this value maintains for all the power system cases. The injections applied to the different nodes showed that voltage magnitudes increase significantly, especially when exceeding the maximum penetration of DG. The test showed that some nodes support injections up to the limits, but the voltages increase considerably on all nodes

Chiral-to-Chiral Communication in Polymers: A Unique Approach to Control both Helical Sense and Chirality at the Periphery

This is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of the American Chemical Society, Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society after peer review and technical edityng by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.8b07782A novel approach to the classical Sergeants and Soldiers effect, using chiral Sergeants and chiral Soldiers, allows control over both helical and external chirality in helical polymers. In the systems reported here, it is possible to induce the same helical sense (M or P) from either of the two enantiomers of a chiral pendant group [“chiral Soldier”, major component; i.e., (R)- or (S)-1] when it faces a single enantiomer of an appropriate “chiral Sergeant” [minor component; i.e., (S)-2]. For instance, the copolymer series poly[(R)-1r-co-(S)-2(1–r)], poly[(S)-1r-co-(S)-2(1–r)], and poly[(rac)-1r-co-(S)-2(1–r)] adopt the same P helix even though the major component shows the opposite absolute configuration. This chiral-to-chiral communication effect is transmitted by the stabilization of different conformations in each enantiomeric form of the Soldier. As a result, this groundbreaking approximation to the Sergeants and Soldiers effect allows the preparation of a single-handed helix—which depends only on the Sergeant’s configuration—with different chiralities on the helix periphery. Thus, a P helix can be decorated with the R isomer, S isomer, or even a racemic mixture of the chiral Soldier. A change in the absolute configuration of the Sergeant affords the opposite M helix, which can also be decorated with the R isomer, S isomer, or racemic mixture of the chiral SoldierFinancial support from MINECO (CTQ2014-61470-EXP, CTQ2015-70519-P), Xunta de Galicia (GRC2014/040, Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2016-2019, ED431G/09) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) is gratefully acknowledgedS

From Sergeants and Soldiers to Chiral Conflict Effects in Helical Polymers by Acting on the Conformational Composition of the Comonomers

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Freire, F., Cobos, K., Rodríguez, R., Quiñoá, E. and Riguera, R. (2020), From Sergeants and Soldiers to Chiral Conflict Effects in Helical Polymers by Acting on the Conformational Composition of the Comonomers. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.. Accepted Author Manuscript. doi:10.1002/anie.202009215, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202009215. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsDifferent communication mechanisms can be switched within a copolymer by acting on the conformational composition of the components and their chirality. Thus, a Sergeant and Soldiers effect is produced in two diastereomeric copolymer series —poly[( S )‐ 1 r ‐ co ‐( S )‐ 2 ( 1‐r ) ] and poly[( R )‐ 1 r ‐ co ‐( S )‐ 2 ( 1‐r ) ]— due to the presence in chloroform of a preferred conformation in ( S )‐ 2 , and a conformational equilibrium in 1 , where a P helix is induced independently of the absolute configuration of the Soldier. In THF, the presence of a conformational equilibrium at the pendants of the two components produces a reciprocal chiral enhancement effect by copolymerization of the two monomers, while in DMF, a third chiral to chiral communication switch is produced due to the presence of a single conformer at the pendant group of the two components. In such case, a Chiral Conflict or Chiral Accord effect is produced depending if the two components induce the same or the opposite helical senseFinancial support from MINECO (CTQ2015-70519-P), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2018/30, Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022, ED431G 2019/03, and postdoctoral fellowship to R. R.) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund - ERDF) is gratefully acknowledgedS

Distribution Network Reconfiguration with Large Number of Switches Solved by a Modified Binary Bat Algorithm and Improved Seed Population

The paper presents a methodology based on a Modified Binary Bat Algorithm (MBBA) and Improved Seed Population search that provides nearly optimal solutions to the power loss minimization problem, considering network reconfiguration and a large number of switches. The existence of many switches leads to a very large number of combinations, making it hard for algorithms to find a good solution. The proposed method is based on eliminating non-feasible solutions and defining an initial matrix with improved seed population for searching the optimal solution. This seed is used for the random process of the algorithm to produce new solutions and is continually updated to obtain better results close to the optimal solutions found during the searching process of the metaheuristic algorithm. This algorithm was tested against the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the Seed Population search alone on the modified versions of the IEEE 13-node test and IEEE 123-node test feeders. From several runs, the proposed method reached the optimal solution more times than the other algorithms and the remainder achieved near-optimal solutions. With this result, the MBBA provides good options to improve the solutions in the network reconfiguration problem with a large number of switches

Polymeric Helical Structures à la Carte by Rational Design of Monomers

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Macromolecules, copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00085Preparation of helical structures à la carte by monomer design of dynamic helical polymers such as poly(phenylacetylene)s (PPAs) is a difficult task due to conformational freedom of the polyene backbone. Herein, we study the monomer/helical polymer scaffold relationship by preparation of two novel phenylacetylene monomer series substituted at the phenyl ring in ortho-, meta-, or para-positions with the two enantiomers of either α-hydroxy-α-phenylacetic acid (1) or α-chloro-α-phenylacetic acid (S-2) linked through an anilide bond. These monomers were further polymerized, and their secondary structure and dynamic behavior were analyzed. Compiling information from these studies and the structural data for other PPAs found in the literature, we can state that anilide linkages in para-substituted polymers tend to generate compressed cis-cisoidal polyene structures, which can be transformed into more elongated cis-transoidal ones by external stimuli, while benzamide linkages in para-substituted polymers form mainly cis-transoidal scaffolds. The macromolecular structure of PPAs is also largely affected by the aromatic substitution pattern, adopting more stretched scaffolds once the pendant group is placed in meta- or ortho-positions, due to the steric hindrance generated by placing this group closer to the backboneFinancial support from MINECO (CTQ2015-70519-P), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2018/30; Centro singular de investigacioń de Galicia accreditation 2016-2019, ED431G/09, R.R. postdoctoral fellowship, and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) is gratefully acknowledgedS

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia Departamento de Boyacá, Ciudad de Sogamoso

En el presente trabajo se encontrará un análisis de relatos de historias de víctimas del Conflicto armado en Colombia, tomando como caso principal el Capítulo 2 – Ernesto; se formularon preguntas sobre el caso para profundizar en la comprensión de este y se analizó cómo la víctima narra su experiencia traumática y de Amenaza. Así mismo, se enfocó en el caso de la masacre de El Salado. A partir de esta reflexión se propusieron Estrategias para abordar las situaciones de Violencia y apoyar a las víctimas en su proceso de recuperación por medio del enfoque narrativo. El informe analítico sobre la experiencia del diplomado destaca la importancia de escuchar y comprender las historias de las víctimas como una herramienta fundamental para abordar la violencia y el trauma en Colombia. También se destaca la necesidad de abordar los factores estructurales que han perpetuado la violencia en el país, finalmente, se incluye el enlace al video realizado por el grupo sobre la experiencia del ejercicio de foto voz y diferentes Acciones psicosociales.In the present work there will be an analysis of the stories of victims of the armed conflict in Colombia, taking as the main case Chapter 2 – Ernesto; Questions were asked about the case to deepen the understanding of it and how the victim narrates her traumatic and Threat experience was analyzed. Likewise, he focused on the case of the El Salado massacre. Based on this reflection, Strategies were proposed to address situations of violence and support victims in their recovery process through the narrative approach. The analytical report on the diploma experience highlights the importance of listening to and understanding the stories of victims as a fundamental tool for addressing violence and trauma in Colombia. The need to address the structural factors that have perpetuated violence in the country is also highlighted. Finally, the link to the video made by the group on the experience of the photovoice exercise and different psychosocial actions is included

Estrategia predictiva de despacho económico para la operación de microrredes con fuentes de energía renovables

Esta investigación se centra en mejorar la operación del Sistema Eléctrico de Potencia (SEP) mediante la integración de Fuentes de Energía Renovable (FER) con Microrredes (MR). Se propone una estrategia de despacho económico (DE) para las MR que aborda la anticipación de contingencias y garantiza un despacho eficiente. La falta de predicción en la generación con FER provoca fluctuaciones en la potencia, lo que requiere costosas reservas de energía para adaptarse. La estrategia busca reducir el tiempo de respuesta en emergencias al anticipar contingencias sin comprometer la viabilidad económica. La estrategia considera aspectos críticos como el cálculo de reserva rodante, la transferencia de energía entre la red principal y las MR, la generación máxima en las MR y el uso exclusivo de energía renovable. Reduce la incertidumbre generada por las FER y optimiza los costos de generación, mejorando la continuidad del suministro eléctrico. Los SEP enfrentan desafíos debido a la obsolescencia de componentes y la necesidad de migrar hacia FER. Las MR, con su flexibilidad y eficiencia, se presentan como una solución prometedora. La investigación se enfoca en esta área, proponiendo soluciones para la integración efectiva de FER en el SEP a través del software PowerFactory 15.1. Se analiza una MR real acoplada a dos sistemas de prueba (IEEE-14 e IEEE-39) en tres escenarios de carga. Los resultados de la estrategia muestran una reducción de pérdidas de potencia en el sistema superior al 6.43%.This research focuses on the enhancement of the Electrical Power System (EPS) through the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into Microgrids (MG), along with the proposition of an economically optimized MG dispatch strategy. The primary objective is to improve contingency response, minimize power fluctuations, and optimize dispatch efficiency without undermining economic feasibility. The strategy encompasses essential elements such as the calculation of rolling reserve, efficient energy transfer between the primary network and MG, maximizing MG generation capacity, and the exclusive utilization of RES. It effectively mitigates uncertainties linked to RES in real-time operations, streamlines generation costs, and ensures a continuous and reliable electricity supply. The research sheds light on challenges faced by EPS due to component obsolescence and the necessity of transitioning to RES integration. In this context, MG, known for their adaptability and efficiency, emerge as a promising solution. The study delves into practical solutions for the seamless incorporation of RES into the EPS, utilizing PowerFactory 15.1 software. The research conducts a thorough analysis involving a real MG in conjunction with two test systems (IEEE-14 and IEEE-39) across various load scenarios, successfully demonstrating a substantial reduction in power losses exceeding 6.43%.Tablas y Figuras 13-- Introducción 17-- Capítulo I. El Problema 20-- Planteamiento del Problema 20-- Formulación del Problema 21—Justificación 22-- Objetivos de la Investigación 23-- Objetivo General 23--Objetivos Específicos 23—Limitaciones 24-- Metodología 24-- Novedad y Contribuciones 26-- Estructura de la Tesis 27-- Capítulo II. Topologías de Microrredes 29—Introducción 29-- Aspectos de las Microrredes 32-- Topologías de las Microrredes 37-- Topologías de MR CD y CA 41-- Técnicas de Reparto de Carga 41--Métodos de Control 45-- Sistemas Fotovoltaicos 45-- Sistemas Eólicos 48--Topologías de MR Hibridas 52--Acopladas CA 52-- Desacopladas CA 54-- MR Múltiples 57-- Topología de MR 3-NET 58--Topología de MR por su Configuración 59-- Tipo Cascada 59-- Tipo Paralelo 60-- Topologías de Microrredes Seleccionadas Para la Estrategia Predictiva de Despacho Económico 66-- Capítulo III. Despacho Económico Para Microrredes con Fuentes de Energía Renovables 69-- Introducción 69-- Características del Modelo Predictivo 72-- Interconexión Sistema – Microrred 76-- Escenarios de Evaluación 78-- Validación 82-- Descripción de los Elementos que Conforman el Modelo Predictivo 83-- Sistemas de Prueba 83-- Características de la Microrred 87-- Elementos de la Microrred 89-- Capítulo IV. Evaluación de la Estrategia Predictiva de Despacho Económico Para MR con Fuentes de Energía Renovables 93—Introducción 93-- Validación de los Resultados 93-- Definir las Variables de Interés 94-- Diseño de Escenarios 95-- Escenario Base 95-- Escenarios con Variación de Carga 96-- Implementación de la Estrategia Predictiva 103-- Análisis de las Contingencias en el Sistema IEEE-39 104-- Discusiones 107-- Conclusiones 110—Recomendaciones 112--Referencias 113—Anexos 139--Doctor(a) en Ingenieria EnergéticaDoctorad

Guías de laboratorio de electrónica I

El compendio de guías de laboratorio de electrónica I enfocadas a la ingeniería electrónica, incluyen prácticas que les permiten a los estudiantes fortalecer habilidades al aplicar conceptos de la asignatura en un ambiente de laboratorio. Esta guía articula experiencias fundamentales que incluyen normativa de seguridad aplicable, recursos a utilizar, procedimientos y un cuestionario de análisis. Con ello, los estudiantes podrán consolidar los conocimientos teórico-prácticos al aplicar conceptos de las temáticas de la asignatura electrónica I.Diodos 4 -- 1. Descripción 5 -- 2. Objetivo 5 -- 3. Equipos y Materiales 5 -- 4. Esquemáticos 5 -- 5. Procedimiento 6 -- 6. Observaciones 6 -- Estudio de las Características del Diodo de Unión PN 7 -- 1. Descripción 8 -- 2. Objetivo 8 -- 3. Equipos y Materiales 8 -- 4. Esquemáticos 8 -- 5. Procedimiento 9 -- 6. Observaciones 10 -- Características de los Diodos Zener I 11 --1. Descripción 12 -- 2. Objetivo 12 -- 3. Equipos y Materiales 12 -- 4. Esquemáticos 12 -- 5. Procedimiento 13 -- 6. Observaciones 14 -- Características de los Diodos Zener II 15 -- 1. Descripción 16 -- 2. Objetivo 16 -- 3. Equipos y Materiales 16 -- 4. Esquemáticos 16 -- 5. Procedimiento 17 -- 6. Observaciones 1

Satisfacción con la vida y conductas disociales en los adolescentes de la I.E. José Carlos Mariátegui Paucarpata, Arequipa 2013

TesisEl presente estudio titulado “Satisfacción con la vida y Conductas disóciales en los adolescentes de la I.E. José Carlos Mariátegui Paucarpata, Arequipa 2013”, tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre Satisfacción con la vida y conductas disóciales en adolescentes de la I.E. José Carlos Mariátegui, para tal efecto se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, cuantitativo de corte transversal con diseño correlacional , cuya población estuvo conformada por adolescentes de tercero cuarto y quinto año de secundaria de la I.E. José Carlos Mariátegui. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó el método de la encuesta y como técnicas la entrevista y el cuestionario, como instrumentos la guía de entrevista para recoger datos generales y específicos; y dos formularios, el primero para identificar el nivel de satisfacción con la vida y el otro para determinar la presencia de conducta disocial. Se procedió al procesamiento de la información obtenida encontrándose que la mayoría de adolescentes tienen edades que oscilan entre los 14 a 15 años (69.87%),el sexo predominante es el masculino (51.47%); en relación al grado de estudios, 3° año tiene la mayor cantidad de estudiantes (37.07%) y en relación al distrito de procedencia la mayor parte de los estudiantes proceden de Paucarpata (66.13%).Con respecto a la variable satisfacción con la vida la mayoría de adolescentes (41.60%) se encuentran satisfechos con la vida .Y por último en la variable conducta disocial, la mayoría de adolescentes no tiene conducta disocial. (57.07%)