Características Antropométricas en Atletas de Jiu Jitsu Brasilero de Alto Nivel: Rol del Estilo de Lucha

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo.SUMMARY: Human performance efficiency and effectiveness in different sports depend to a large extent on the size, weight and proportion of the physique of the athlete. The aim of this study was to identify morphological characteristics of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes. The sample consisted of 25 highly trained male athletes who were classified according to their fighting style; guard fighter (GF) vs. pass fighter (PF). The athletes were assessed for somatotype, body composition and proportionality. For the whole group of athletes the somatotype was 2.23±0.68, 6.33±1.14, and 1.75±0.87 for endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph components, respectively. Muscle and adipose tissue percentages were 52.34±2.15% and 19.30±2.51%, respectively. PF were significantly more mesomorph (p< 0.05) and less ectomorph (p< 0.05) than GF. Also, PF had significantly higher phantom Z score for bone mass vs. GF (0.51±0.57 vs. 0.01±0.54; p<0.05), and significantly lower muscle mass- bone mass ratio (4.55±0.31 vs. 4.77±0.56; p<0.05), height (1.71±0.06 vs. 1.77±0.07; p<0.05) and height weight ratio (40.58±1.11 vs. 41.84±1.22). Our results show that morphological characteristics are related to different fighting styles in BJJ athletes.RESUMEN: La eficiencia y efectividad del rendimiento humano en diferentes deportes depende en gran medida del tamaño, peso y proporción del físico del atleta. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las características morfológicas de atletas jiu-jitsu brasileros. La muestra consintió de 25 atletas varones altamente entrenados, quienes fueron clasificados de acuerdo a su estilo de lucha; guarderos (GF) vs pasadores (PF). Se evaluó en los atletas somatotipo, composición corporal y proporcionalidad. Para el grupo total de atletas el somatotipo fue 2,23±0,68, 6,33±1,14 y 1,75±0,78 para el endomorfismo, mesomorfismo y ectomorfismo, respectivamente. Los porcentajes de tejido muscular y adiposo fueron 52,34±2,15% and 19,30±2,51%, respectivamente. PF fueron significativamente las mesomorfos (p<0,05) y menos ectomorfos (p<0,05) que GF. Además PF tuvieron una significativamente alto Z score para la masa ósea (4,55±0,31 vs. 4,77±0,56; p<0,05), estatura (1,71±0,06 vs. 1,77±0,07; p<0,05) y relación altura peso (40,58±1.11 vs. 41,84±1.22). Nuestros resultados muestran que las características morfológicas están relacionadas a diferentes estilos de lucha en atletas de BJJ.http://ref.scielo.org/bzhxy

Diferentes técnicas de integración paisajística en carreteras. Análisis de eficacia a través de la percepción de observadores.

En el trabajo que se expone en este artículo se planteó como objetivo realizar un análisis de las diferentes medidas de integración paisajística que se utilizan en las autopistas y autovías españolas. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de la normativa, la documentación científica, las guías y demás recomendaciones en este ámbito, y se ha efectuado un inventario fotográfico que recoge las medidas de restauración observadas en las diferentes vías. Gracias a una encuesta fotográfica y al posterior análisis de la percepción del público de las diferentes medidas de integración, se han identificado las variables medioambientales clave en la integración de las autopistas en el paisaje, los aspectos de diseño más adecuados y las medidas de integración paisajística más efectivas

Somatotype Profile of Professional Male Soccer Chilean Players

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloRESUMEN: El presente estudio pretende describir el somatotipo del futbolista profesional chileno, así como determinar la variabilidad existente en el somatotipo por posición de juego. Cien jugadores profesionales varones (edad 23±4,4 años), participantes del campeonato nacional de fútbol chileno fueron incluidos en el estudio. Se realizó la medición de 10 variables antropométricas según las normas de la International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Se calcularon los 3 componentes del somatotipo de Heath-Carter por cada posición de juego. El somatotipo grupal de la muestra estudiada presentó una clasificación de mesomorfo­balanceado (2,25-5,32-2,26), siendo los defensas los con mayor predominio de este componente. La posición con menor dispersión en su somatotipo son defensas y arqueros, mientras que volantes y delanteros presentan mayor variabilidad. En conclusión, a pesar de existir un somatotipo en común, las diferencias en las varianzas entre posiciones de juego entregan información sobre la relevancia de la optimización morfológica en una posición específica de juego. PALABRAS CLAVE: Somatotipo; Antropometría; Fútbol masculino.SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to describe the somatotype of Chilean professional soccer players, and to determine the variability in the somatotype by playing position. One hundred professional male players (age 23±4.4) participants in the Chilean national soccer championship were included in the study. We performed the measurement of 10 anthropometric variables according to the rules of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). We calculated the 3 components of the Heath-Carter somatotype for each playing position. The somatotype of the sample group presents a balanced mesomorph classification (2.25-5.32-2.26),especially among defenders. The positions with less dispersion in their somatotype were the defenses and goalkeepers, while the flyers and forwards show more variability. In conclusion, although there is a common somatotype, differences in the variances between playing positions provide information about the relevance of morphological optimization in a playing position. KEY WORDS: Anthropometry; Somatotype; Male soccer.http://ref.scielo.org/v4pdn

Swine production simulation model: LIFE SIM

Supported by the CGIAR Systemwide Livestock ProgrammeNon-ruminant animals are essential in many resource-poor production systems, particularly in Asia. The feeding strategies are as varied as the different agro ecosystems, thus increasing the challenge faced by researchers and extension agents in the search for appropriate solutions to feeding limitations. Systems analysis provides a unique opportunity to translate existing knowledge into process-based models that can be used to assess year-round feeding strategies at the farm level. Although livestock models have been developed to address similar situations for ruminant animals, swine are seldom included. The present work describes a swine model that analyzes the bioeconomic response to feeding strategies in different production systems. This swine model has been incorporated into the software Livestock Feeding Strategies Simulation Model (LIFE-SIM) complementing the existing models for ruminant species: Dairy, Beef, Goat, and Buffalo (León-Velarde et al., 2006) The model simulates a confined group of animals (at least two females or males) with a weight ranging from 15 to 120 kg, under either an ad libitum or controlled feeding regime with a feed value characterized in terms of dry matter (%), metabolizable energy (ME/kg), crude fiber (%), lysine (%), methionine + cystine (%), threonine (%), and tryptophan (%). The model can store a number of different rations and their prices allowing a comparison during a defined fattening period. Weight gain and the bioeconomic performance of each ration can then be estimated and analyzed

La práctica de riegos ancestrales andinos: el riego por Kanis

El riego es una técnica agrícola ancestral desarrollada por las culturas tradicionales andinas, en armonía con las características ambientales y productivas de la zona. La práctica de riego tuvo que ser adaptada a las grandes pendientes dando lugar a técnicas muy particulares que aún hoy día se practican. Los valles interandinos del Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia, es un lugar privilegiado para el estudio de sistemas de riego tradicionales. El trabajo experimental se llevó a cabo en la comunidad de Jatichulaya, localizada en el pueblo de Charazani, Bolivia, a una altitud de 3250 msnm con una precipitación anual media de 450 mm. El sistema de riego tradicional en ella practicado es el llamado riego por kanis. La palabra kanis es un vocablo quechua que hace alusión a la apertura de surcos para la conducción del agua. El sistema de riego no causa erosión del suelo ya que el manejo del agua se hace siguiendo las curvas de nivel. Sin embargo, las necesidades de mano de obra son muy elevadas. La persona a cargo de la distribución del agua y de su entrega a los regantes es el llamado Agente de Aguas.Irrigation is an ancient agricultural technique developed by the Andean traditional cultures in harmony with environmental and productive characteristics of the area. Irrigation practice had to be adapted to the steep slopes leading to very specific techniques that are practiced even today In Bolivia, the interandean valleys of La Paz’s Department are privileged places for the study of traditional irrigation systems. The experimental work was carried out in the peasant community of Jatichulaya, located in Charazani, at an altitude of 3,250 meters above sea level, with an average annual rainfall of about 450 mm. The traditional irrigation system practiced there is called the kanis’s method. The word kanis is a quechua word that refers to furrow irrigation opening for water conveyance. This irrigation system avoids soil erosion because it follows contour lines. Thereby, soil is protected but manpower required in the irrigation practice was excessive. The person in charge of water distribution and delivery to irrigators is called Agente de Aguas (Water’s officer)

A conceptual framework for smart production planning and control in Industry 4.0

[EN] This article aims to introduce the challenge (i.e., integration of new collaborative models and tools) posed by the automation and collaboration of industrial processes in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) smart factories. Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are particularly confronted with new technological and organisational changes, but a conceptual framework for production planning and control (PPC) systems in the I4.0 context is lacking. The main contributions of this article are to: (i) identify the functions making up traditional PPC and smart production planning and control in I4.0 (SPPC 4.0); (ii) analyse the impact of I4.0 technologies on PPC systems; (iii) propose a conceptual framework that provides the systematic structuring of how a PPC system operates in the I4.0 context, dubbed SPPC 4.0. Thus SPPC 4.0 is proposed by adopting the axes of the RAMI 4.0 reference architecture model, which compiles and contains the main concepts of PPC systems and I4.0. It also provides the technical description, organisation and understanding of each aspect, which can provide a guide for academic research and industrial practitioners to transform PPC systems towards I4.0 implementations. Finally, theoretical implications and research gaps are provided.The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union H2020 Program with grant agreements No. 958205 "Industrial Data Services for Quality Control in Smart Manufacturing (i4Q)" and No. 825631 "Zero-Defect Manufacturing Platform (ZDMP)"; the "Industrial Production and Logistics Optimization in Industry 4.0" (i4OPT) (Ref. PROMETEO/2021/065) project granted by the Valencian Regional Government; and the PAI-12-21 open-access support from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Cañas, H.; Mula, J.; Campuzano-Bolarín, F.; Poler, R. (2022). A conceptual framework for smart production planning and control in Industry 4.0. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 173:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.10865911217

Involvement of miRNAs in the short-term response of pine roots to ammonium nutrition

Post-transcriptonal gene regulation is an essential control point regarding gene expression programs. A class of small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles during this process. They act on target mRNAs through post-transcriptional gene silencing, either by endonuclease mediated transcript cleavage or by translational repression of targeted mRNAs (Pattanayak et al., 2013). Thus, miRNAs are involved in the regulation mechanisms of important plant processes, including the regulation of the processes related to nitrogen nutrition (Gutiérrez, 2012). In the present work, maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) was used to study the role of miRNAs regarding NH4+ nutrition in conifers, a group of plants that exhibits tolerance to NH4+ nutrition compared to NO3- nutrition specially during seedling stage Ortigosa et al., 2022). This fact is of high interest since numerous NH4+ nutrition can negatively affect the growth and development of different crops. The global miRNA expression has been characterized in the roots of maritime pine seedlings after 2 h and 24 h from fertilization with two levels of NH4+ solutions (0.1 mM and 3 mM). The miRNA-seq analysis revealed 271 new miRNAs with an identified precursor although only 4 were differentially expressed. Gutiérrez RA. 2012. Science, 336:1673-1675. Ortigosa F, et al. 2022. Plant Cell and Environment, 45,915-935. Pattanayak D, et al. 2013. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 31, 493-506.Acknowledgements & Funding. This work was supported by the grants BIO2015-73512-JIN MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE; P20_00036 PAIDI 2020/FEDER, UE, and B4-2021-01 (Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech). JMVM was supported by the grant FPU17/03517