Do Golpe de 1964 ao “Milagre Brasileiro”. a Campanha da Mulher pela Democracia (CAMDE) - Ação politica e imaginario coletivo

This paper aims to analyze two important moments for understanding the history of Brazilian civil-military dictatorship: at first, the period between the 1964 coup d’état and the gradual institutionalization of the regime over Marshal Castello Branco government (1964-1967). Then, I will consider the government of General Emilio Medici (1969-1974). The proposal is to analyze the ways of organization of the social consensus under the regime in these times, trying to understand what approaches and in particular, what differentiates these two periods. Therefore, I take as a reference the analysis of the trajectory of a group called Women’s Campaign for Democracy (CAMDE), an association deeply marked by the struggle against communism and “in defense of the family and the Christian Church.”Este artículo propone analizar dos momentos fundamentales para la comprensión de la historia de la dictadura civil-militar brasileña: primero, el período comprendido entre el golpe de 1964 y la gradual institucionalización del régimen a lo largo del gobierno del Mariscal Castello Branco (1964-1967). A continuación, la coyuntura del gobierno del General Emilio Médici (1969-1974). La propuesta es analizar los procesos de conformación del pacto social en torno al régimen en estos momentos, buscando comprender lo que aproxima y, en particular, lo que diferencia las formas de organización del consenso social en estas dos coyunturas. Para ello, tomo como referencia el análisis de la trayectoria del grupo femenino Campaña de la Mujer por la Democracia (CAMDE), asociación profundamente marcada por la lucha contra el comunismo y "en defensa de la familia y de la Iglesia".Este artigo propõe analisar dois momentos fundamentais para a compreensão da história da ditadura civil-militar brasileira: primeiramente, o período compreendido entre o golpe de 1964 e a gradual institucionalização do regime ao longo do governo do Marechal Castello Branco (1964-1967). Em seguida, a conjuntura do governo do General Emílio Médici (1969-1974). A proposta é analisar os processos de conformação do pacto social em torno do regime nestes momentos, buscando compreender o que aproxima e, em particular, o que diferencia as formas de organização do consenso social nestas duas conjunturas. Para tanto, tomo como referência a análise da trajetória do grupo feminino Campanha da Mulher pela Democracia (CAMDE), associação profundamente marcada pela luta contra o comunismo e “em defesa da família e da Igreja”

Milagre, comemorações e consenso ditatorial no Brasil, 1972

This paper aims to analyze the construction processes of the social consensus around the Brazilian dictatorship after 1964. Considering that the consensus is a fickle, plural and diversified process, I start from the assumption that its nature throughout the years did not remain stable, acquiring specific characteristics in different moments. Therefore, in this present work I will specifically address the nature of the social pact during the early 70’s, when the General Emílio Garrastazu Médici was the current president. To do so, I took as a reference the civic events to celebrate the 150 years of the Independence of Brazil that occurred between April and September of 1972.Este artigo analisa os processos de construção do consenso social em torno da ditadura civil-militar brasileira pós-1964. Considerando que o consenso é um processo mutável, plural e diversificado, parto do suposto de que sua natureza ao longo dos anos não se manteve estável, adquirindo características específicas em momentos diferentes. Portanto, neste trabalho abordarei especificamente a natureza do pacto social durante os primeiros anos da década de 1970, quando ocupava a presidência o General Emílio Garrastazu Médici. Para tanto, tomei como referência as festas cívicas em comemoração aos 150 da Independência do Brasil, ocorridas entre abril e setembro de 1972.Este artigo analisa os processos de construção do consenso social em torno da ditadura civil-militar brasileira pós-1964. Considerando que o consenso é um processo mutável, plural e diversificado, parto do suposto de que sua natureza ao longo dos anos não se manteve estável, adquirindo características específicas em momentos diferentes. Portanto, neste trabalho abordarei especificamente a natureza do pacto social durante os primeiros anos da década de 1970, quando ocupava a presidência o General Emílio Garrastazu Médici. Para tanto, tomei como referência as festas cívicas em comemoração aos 150 da Independência do Brasil, ocorridas entre abril e setembro de 1972.Este artigo analisa os processos de construção do consenso social em torno da ditadura civil-militar brasileira pós-1964. Considerando que o consenso é um processo mutável, plural e diversificado, parto do suposto de que sua natureza ao longo dos anos não se manteve estável, adquirindo características específicas em momentos diferentes. Portanto, neste trabalho abordarei especificamente a natureza do pacto social durante os primeiros anos da década de 1970, quando ocupava a presidência o General Emílio Garrastazu Médici. Para tanto, tomei como referência as festas cívicas em comemoração aos 150 da Independência do Brasil, ocorridas entre abril e setembro de 1972

Revisionismo e negacionismo: controvérsias

Although revisionism and negationism are terms and concepts that allude to different things, they are often confused in studies on different themes and situations. This article seeks to differentiate them and to analyze the reasons and the processes from which the two terms were often confused. The issue gained particular visibility in the controversies surrounding Nazi crimes in World War II, but it involves controversies before and after the conflict. Such a reality can be observed in three dimensions that, being autonomous, not infrequently got mixed up: (a) political and ideological; (b) historiographic; (c) judicial. Involving disputes from the past, the interpenetration of these dimensions occurs, above all, when issues of the history of the Present Time are at stake.Embora revisionismo e negacionismo sejam termos e conceitos que aludam a coisas distintas, não raramente são confundidos em estudos sobre diferentes temáticas e conjunturas. Este artigo procura diferenciá-los e analisar as razões e os processos a partir dos quais em muitos momentos os dois termos se confundiram. A questão ganhou visibilidade particular nas polêmicas em torno dos crimes nazistas na Segunda Guerra Mundial, mas envolve controvérsias anteriores e posteriores ao conflito. Tal realidade pode ser observada em três dimensões que, sendo autônomas, com frequência, se embaralharam: (a) política e ideológica; (b) historiográfica; (c) judicial. Envolvendo disputas do passado, a interpenetração dessas dimensões ocorre, sobretudo, quando estão em causa temas da história do Tempo Presente

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable Amazon Network

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network (Rede Amazonia Sustentavel, RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far.Keywords: Social–ecological systems, Tropical forests, Land use, Interdisciplinary research, Sustainability, Trade-off

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost