Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Forma de governo de acordo com realidade

Alinho-me entre os que em tese são favoráveis à forma, ao regime parlamentar de governo considerando mais eficiente e menos crítico de que o regime presidencial. Enquanto na forma presidencialista o conflito entre poderes é insolúvel e em geral conduz à tentativa de desestabilização incondicional de um dos poderes, na forma parlamentar o conflito entre poderes que não possa ser mediado por eles mesmos é devolvido ao voto popular para ser resolvido através de nova eleição. Além disso, a forma parlamentar, o sistema parlamentarista é um sistema de co-responsabilidade entre Executivo e Legislativo enquanto regra quase geral nas formas presidencialistas o Legislativo fica desprovido de poderes mas também de responsabilidades.Revista do Serviço Público - RSP, ano 43, v. 115, n. 6, p. 42-44Número padronizado: v. 43, n. 6 (1987)Sistemas de GovernoISSN impresso: 00349240ISSN eletrônico: 23578017Publicada na seção Idéias da RSP

Disciplina partidária: o caso da Constituinte Party discipline in the Brazilian Constitutional Congress

Tomando como referência a Assembléia Nacional Constituinte brasileira de 1987-88 os autores examinam uma questão que assinalam ser insuficientemente tratada na bibliografia: a da disciplina partidária em nações latino-americanas. Os autores não encontram provas de uma disciplina partidária sólida, e examinam as conseqüências disso.<br>The question of party discipline in Brazil is examined with reference to the Constitutional Congress of 1987-88. The authors do not find evidence of a strong party discipline and examine the consequences of this. More studies such as this are urgently needed, they argue