INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA VIVENCIAL: PESQUISA APLICADA NO LABORATÓRIO DE GESTÃO

Os métodos expositivos, tão disseminados em IES, revelam-se limitados quando o aluno, no papel de autor, apenas replica o conhecimento dos livros-texto. Revisitaram-se aqui métodos tradicionais de ensino, métodos voltados para a pesquisa e o Laboratório de Gestão, um novo ambiente para iniciação científica vivencial. Alunos de Administração e Ciências Contábeis foram agrupados para competir em jogos de empresas onde assumiram papéis funcionais: planejamento, marketing, produção, RH, finanças e presidência. Além de gerenciarem sua empresa para obter parte da nota coletiva, cada aluno foi estimulado a identificar em sua área funcional um problema de pesquisa e produzir um artigo científico para obter outra parte da nota individual, sendo orientado pelo professor e seus monitores, mestrandos e doutorandos. A iniciação científica vivencial vem produzindo artigos em larga escala e propiciando a criação de conhecimentos dinâmicos, em lugar da simples replicação dos conteúdos de livros-texto. A qualidade dos textos tem superado as expectativas no ambiente que aproxima graduandos e pós-graduandos como preconiza a CAPES ao avaliar os programas de mestrado e doutorado. Recomenda-se a adoção do Laboratório de Gestão nos programas interessados em desenvolver uma cultura voltada para a pesquisa

Detection of Human Bocavirus mRNA in Respiratory Secretions Correlates with High Viral Load and Concurrent Diarrhea

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus recently identified in association with acute respiratory infections (ARI). Despite its worldwide occurrence, little is known on the pathogenesis of HBoV infections. In addition, few systematic studies of HBoV in ARI have been conducted in Latin America. Therefore, in order to test whether active viral replication of human bocavirus is associated with respiratory diseases and to understand the clinical impact of this virus in patients with these diseases, we performed a 3-year retrospective hospital-based study of HBoV in outpatients and inpatients with symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in Brazil. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from 1015 patients with respiratory symptoms were tested for HBoV DNA by PCR. All samples positive for HBoV were tested by PCR for all other respiratory viruses, had HBoV viral loads determined by quantitative real time PCR and, when possible, were tested by RT-PCR for HBoV VP1 mRNA, as evidence of active viral replication. HBoV was detected in 4.8% of patients, with annual rates of 10.0%, 3.0% and 3.0% in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The range of respiratory symptoms was similar between HBoV-positive and HBoV-negative ARI patients. However, a higher rate of diarrhea was observed in HBoV-positive patients. High HBoV viral loads (>108 copies/mL) and diarrhea were significantly more frequent in patients with exclusive infection by HBoV and in patients with detection of HBoV VP1 mRNA than in patients with viral co-infection, detected in 72.9% of patients with HBoV. In summary, our data demonstrated that active HBoV replication was detected in a small percentage of patients with ARI and was correlated with concurrent diarrhea and lack of other viral co-infections

Reinfecção da Covid-19 em neonatos e crianças: revisão de literatura : Reinfection of Covid-19 in neonates and children: literature review

Em dezembro de 2019, um novo vírus respiratório foi detectado na China, sendo denominado posteriormente como COVID-19, provindo do vírus SARS-CoV-2. Este vírus se espalhou rapidamente gerando uma pandemia mundial. Vários foram e ainda são os problemas decorrentes deste vírus, que atingiu desde crianças aos idosos, dentre eles, cita-se a reinfeção dos indivíduos, causando como consequência, problemas de saúde inacabáveis. Assim, devido aos estudos elencarem menores sinais e sintomas nas crianças e, ainda, menores taxas de infecção, passou-se a questionar quanto as reinfecções em crianças e neonatos. Por isso, o estudo objetivou realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre reinfecção de COVID-19 em crianças e neonatos. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, através de uma busca nas bases de dados Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Google Scholar e Scientific Electronic Library Online, utilizando-se os descritores: Reinfecção COVID-19; Reinfecção COVID-19 em crianças; Reinfecção COVID-19 em neonatos; COVID-19 e reinfecção. Com isso, foram selecionados 10 artigos que compunham os critérios de inclusão e exclusão do presente estudo. Dessa forma, destaca-se que os estudos evidenciaram que o número de reinfecções em crianças e neonatos é baixo, porém, são escassas as literaturas sobre o tema, possuindo, assim diversas lacunas a serem sanadas para uma compreensão melhor do assunto

Mechanisms of interleukin-6 protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver

Numerous animal studies simulating liver injury have demonstrated that interleukin-6 (IL-6) exerts a protective effect. This study was designed to further analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of IL-6 in a rat model of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. We show that IL-6: (i) at high doses reduces cell damage which occurs in ischemic-reperfused liver, while at low doses displays only a limited protective capacity, (ii) anticipates and enhances hepatocyte compensatory proliferation seen in ischemic-reperfused liver also at a low, more pharmacologically acceptable dose, (iii) sustains the acute phase response which is dampened in ischemic-reperfused liver, (iv) strengthens the heat shock-stress response shown by ischemic-reperfused liver and (v) overcomes the dysfunctions of the unfolding protein response found in ischemic-reperfused liver. We also show that IL-6-enhanced STAT3 activation probably plays a crucial role in the potentiation of the different protective pathways activated in ischemic-reperfused liver. Our data confirm that IL-6 is a potential therapeutic in liver injury of different etiologies and reveal novel mechanisms by which IL-6 sustains liver function after ischemia/reperfusion injur

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora