On the use of artificial neural networks in remotely piloted aircraft acquired images for estimating reservoir’s bathymetry

The use of acoustic systems for mapping submerged areas is the most accurate way. However, echosounders are expensive and, in addition, the equipment requires a great deal of experience on the part of the specialist. From another perspective, orbital and aerial images (acquired by RPA’s- Remotely Piloted Aircraft) can offer bathymetric maps of larger locations that are difficult to access at a low operating cost. Therefore, the present study’s main objective was to evaluate the utility of RGB images obtained with RPA’s in water reservoirs. Thus, Artificial Neural Networks were used for depth training and prediction. Subsequently, it compared to the bathymetric data from the same pond in question, raised from acoustic sensors, quantifying the vertical uncertainty through three estimators. Regarding the statistical analysis, the RMSE and Ф estimators showed better reliability. The 300-point sample showed the best quality in processing. The results showed that the methodology could improve the management of water resources. The method allows reduced execution time and lowers cost, especially for using only the green, red and blue channels, easily found in most cameras coupled to RPA’s

O CASO CHARLOTTESVILLE, A LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO E O DISCURSO DE ÓDIO.

The Carlottesville Case ended up raising as problematic the relationship between the limites of freedom of expression and the reflexes of institutional racism in the perfomance of extreme right groups (Unity and Security for America and Ku Klux Klan) and the defense of minorities (Black Lives Matter); debating the issue of maintaining statues of historical representatives who defended racial segregation. Thus, this article will deal with na analysis of the right to freedom of expression and the origin of institucional racism through a comparative right (Germany, United States and Brazil) with the aim of identifying the limits of freedom of expression and the reflexes of institutional racism in the Charlottesville Case. After the fulfillment of that objective, we identified that the apology for racial segregations corresponds to limit of freedom of expression and that it serves as a basis for the “hate speech”; on institutional racism, it was also possible to identify the following reflexes: the defense of symbolic monuments that portray values related to slavery (such as the Tobert Lee statue), the use of violence by demonstrators in favor of racial supremacy and use of racist elements during the demonstrations, such as torches, heavy weapons, Nazi gestures and flags.O Caso Charlottesville acabou por suscitar como problemática a relação entre os limites da liberdade de expressão e os reflexos do racismo institucional na atuação de grupos de extrema-direita (Unity and Security for America e Ku Klux Klan) e de defesa de minorias (Black Lives Matter); debatendo a questão sobre a manutenção de estátuas de representantes históricos que defendiam a segregação racial. Assim, o presente artigo tratará de uma análise sobre o direito de liberdade de expressão e a origem do racismo institucional através de um direito comparado (Alemanha, Estados Unidos e Brasil) com o objetivo de identificar os limites da liberdade de expressão e os reflexos do racismo institucional no Caso Charlottesville. Após o cumprimento do referido objetivo, identificamos que a apologia à segregações raciais corresponde a um limite da liberdade de expressão e que serve de fundamento para o “discurso de ódio”; sobre o racismo institucional, também foi possível identificar os seguintes reflexos: a defesa de monumentos simbólicos que retratam valores relacionados à escravidão (como a estátua de Robert Lee), o uso da violência pelos manifestantes em prol da supremacia racial e a utilização de elementos racistas durante as manifestações, como tochas, armas pesadas, gestos e bandeiras nazistas

A (IN)APLICABILIDADE DA TEORIA DA MARGEM DE APRECIAÇÃO NACIONAL PARA A DEFESA DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS DAS PESSOAS TRANSEXUAIS À LUZ DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DA CORTE EUROPEIA DE DIREITOS HUMANOS

A problemática central do presente trabalho é: a teoria da margem de apreciação nacional, utilizada pela Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos, nos casos “Cossey vs Reino Unido” (Application nº. 10843/84)  e “Goodwin vs Reino Unido” (Application nº. 28957/95); relativizou ou universalizou os direitos humanos, à luz do pragmatismo de Oliver Holmes? Diante disso, o objetivo do artigo é identificar se a teoria da margem de apreciação nacional – quando foi usada pelo Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos no julgamento dos referidos casos – acabou universalizando ou relativizando os direitos humanos da proteção à intimidade, do matrimônio e da não discriminação sexual dos transexuais previstos na Convenção Europeia de Direitos do Homem, especialmente em seus Arts. 8º, 12 e 14. Assim, para se atingir tal objetivo e se chegar à conclusão, manuseou-se um método pragmatista identificando as consequências jurídicas de ambos os julgamentos para se concluir pela relativização ou universalização dos referidos direitos; frisa-se também que foram empregados no trabalho os principais autores que tratam dessa temática, como Flávia Piovesan, Emmanuel Sieyès e Paulo Bonavides, bem como as citadas jurisprudências pontuais da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos

Análise morfométrica comparada entre Anuros endêmicos do Brasil e a espécie invasora Lithobates catesbeianus

Anfíbios são indicadores ambientais potencialmente confiáveis e eficientes. Estudos referentes a morfologia de leucócitos de anuros são limitados, com poucos estudos morfometricos disponíveis em literatura. O presente estudo empregou técnicas morfometricas para caracterizar leucócitos de anuros Neotropicais brasileiros selecionados e compara-los com a espécie exótica rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus), família Ranidae. Esfregaços sanguíneos de 28 espécimes pertencentes a seis gêneros diferentes (Hyla, Phyllomedusa, Hypsiboas, Scinax, Physalaemus e Proceratophrys) foram comparados com amostras de esfregacos de L. catesbeianus. A média do diâmetro dos leucócitos foi calculada por um software de análise de imagens. One-way e teste de Bonferroni foram utilizados para avaliação estatística. Linfócitos, neutrófilos, eosinófilos e basófilos mostraram-se significativamente menores que os valores de referência reportados em outros gêneros de anfíbios, incluindo Lithobathes; por outro lado, a média do diâmetro dos monócitos não demonstrou variação significativa entre os gêneros. Esse e o primeiro estudo de avaliação morfometrica de leucócitos em espécies de anuros brasileiros. Nossos resultados sugerem que a separação geográfica possivelmente influencia a morfometria leucocitaria.Amphibians are potentially reliable and efficient bioindicators. Existing anuran white blood cell morphology studies are limited, with only a few morphometric studies available. We employed morphometric techniques to characterize leukocytes of selected Neotropical anurans from Brazil and compare our findings with the exotic American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), genus Ranidae. We compared blood smears of 28 specimens from six different genera (Hyla, Phyllomedusa, Hypsiboas, Scinax, Physalaemus, and Proceratophrys) with samples from L. catesbeianus. Leukocyte average diameter was calculated by an image analysis software. One-way analyses of variance and Bonferroni tests were used on statistical analyses. Lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils were significantly smaller than the reference ranges reported for other amphibian genera, including Lithobathes, whereas monocyte diameters did not differ significantly between genera. This is the first study to evaluate leukocyte morphometrics of Brazilian anuran species. Our findings suggest that geographical separation could possibly influence leukocyte morphometry

FONA-7, a Novel Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Variant of the FONA Family Identified in Serratia fonticola

Serratia fonticola is a human pathogen widely found in the environment, with birds being reported as possible natural hosts. During an epidemiological and genomic surveillance study conducted to monitor the occurrence of extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales in South American wild birds, we identified an ESBL-positive S. fonticola in a fecal sample collected from a Hudsonian Whimbrel, during its non-breeding range on the Pacific Coast of Chile. Whole genome sequencing analysis and in silico modeling revealed a novel variant of the class A ESBLs FONA family, designated FONA-7, which shows 96.28% amino acid identity with FONA-6; with amino acid substitutions occurring in the signal peptide sequence (Thr22/Ser), and in the mature protein (Ser39/Asn and Thr227/Ile). This finding denotes that migratory birds can be potential vectors for the transboundary spread of ESBL-producing bacteria, creating a further theoretical riskfor the origin of novel plasmid-encoded b-lactamases.Fil: Fuentes Castillo, Danny. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Power, Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Cerdeira, Louise. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Cardenas-Arias, Adriana. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Moura, Quézia. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Flavio A.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Levy, Carlos E.. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Gutkind, Gabriel Osvaldo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Microbiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Catão-Dias, José L.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Lincopan, Nilton. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Microbial community responses determine how soil–atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide responds to soil moisture

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) plays an important role in the global sulfur cycle and is relevant for climate change due to its role as a greenhouse gas, in aerosol formation and atmospheric chemistry. The similarities of the carbon dioxide (CO2) and OCS molecules within chemical and plant metabolic pathways have led to the use of OCS as a proxy for global gross CO2 fixation by plants (gross primary production, GPP). However, unknowns such as the OCS exchange from soils, where simultaneous OCS production (POCS) and consumption (UOCS) occur, currently limits the use of OCS as a GPP proxy. We estimated POCS and UOCS by measuring net fluxes of OCS, carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO) in a dynamic chamber system fumigated with air containing different mixing ratios [OCS]. Nine soils with different land use were rewetted and soil–air exchange was monitored as soils dried out to assess responses to changing moisture. A major control of OCS exchange was the total amount of available sulfur in the soil. POCS production rates were highest for soils at WFPS (water-filled pore space) &gt;60&thinsp;% and rates were negatively related to thiosulfate concentrations. These moist soils switched from a net source to a net sink activity at moderate moisture levels (WFPS 15&thinsp;% to 37&thinsp;%). For three soils we measured NO and CO mixing ratios at different mixing ratios of OCS and revealed that NO and potentially CO exchange rates are linked to UOCS at moderate soil moisture. High nitrate concentrations correlated with maximum OCS release rates at high soil moisture. For one of the investigated soils, the moisture and OCS mixing ratio was correlated with different microbial activity (bacterial 16S rRNA, fungal ITS RNA relative abundance) and gene transcripts of red-like cbbL and amoA.</p

Occurrence and Quantification of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Two Wild Seabird Species With Contrasting Behaviors

Indexación ScopusAntimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are environmental pollutants and anthropization indicators. We evaluated human interference in the marine ecosystem through the ocurrence and quantification (real-time PCRs) of 21 plasmid-mediated ARGs in enema samples of 25 wild seabirds, upon admission into rehabilitation: kelp gull (Larus dominicanus, n = 14) and Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus, n = 11). Overall, higher resistance values were observed in kelp gulls (non-migratory coastal synanthropic) in comparison with Magellanic penguins (migratory pelagic non-synanthropic). There were significant differences between species (respectively, kelp gull and Magellanic penguin): ARGs occurrence (blaTEM [p = 0.032]; tetM [p = 0.015]; tetA [p = 0.003]; and sulII [p = 0.007]), mean number of ARGs per sample (p = 0.031), ARGs mean load percentage (aadA [p = 0.045], tetA [p = 0.031], tetM [p = 0.016], blaTEM [p = 0.032], sulII [p = 0.008]), percentage of genes conferring resistance to an antimicrobial class (betalactams [p = 0.036] and sulfonamides [p = 0.033]), mean number of genes conferring resistance to one or more antimicrobial classes (p = 0.024]), percentage of multiresistant microbiomes (p = 0.032), and clustering (p = 0.006). These differences are likely due to these species' contrasting biology and ecology - key factors in the epidemiology of ARGs in seabirds. Additionally, this is the first report of mecA in seabirds in the Americas. Further studies are necessary to clarify the occurrence and diversity of ARGs in seabirds, and their role as potential sources of infection and dispersal within the One Health chain of ARGs. © Copyright © 2021 Ewbank, Esperón, Sacristán, Sacristán, Neves, Costa-Silva, Antonelli, Rocha Lorenço, Kolesnikovas and Catão-Dias.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.651781/ful

INCIDENCE OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS BY GRAM-NEGATIVE NON-FERMENTERS AND PROFILE OF ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY IN A HOSPITAL IN CAMPINA GRANDE-PB

The non-fermenting bacilli (BGN-NF) are frequent hospital microorganisms and cause disease by infecting colonization in immunocompromised patients or when they reach sterile body sites through invasive hospital procedures such as introduction of catheters and ventilators, are therefore considered opportunistic bacteria. This work aimed study the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of BGN-NF, isolated from infectious process of patients admitted in a public hospital in Campina Grande-PB, in the period April 2009 to March 2011. Of the 1,056 patients analyzed cultures from different clinical specimens, 358 (33.9 %) presented bacterial growth and were classified as cases of community infections (IC) or hospital infections (IH), according to the criteria established by the Law 2616/98 from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, noting 52 (15%) cases of infection by rods BGN-NF. Among these, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most prevalent species with 44 (84.6%) of insulation,especially also for high resistance to antimicrobials. The largest number of P. aeruginosa, was detected in secretions collected orotracheal tube with 9 (26.4%) cases, with prevalence in patients above 60 years. Among the hospital enrironments where these microorganisms were more prevalent, the intensive care unit, with 44.2% of cases. There was a high resistance of strains of P. aeruginosa from most of the antimicrobials tested. Among those who showed good antimicrobial activity, stood out: imipenen with 2 (5.8%) and ciprofloxacin and amikacin 7 (20.5%) with drug-resistant strains. Not observed difference in resistance between nosocomial and/or communitary strains

Sexual behavior of post-modern women and sexually transmitted infections: a review study / Comportamento sexual de mulheres pós-modernas e as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis: um estudo de revisão: a review study

Objective: to identify the scientific evidence available in the literature on the risky sexual behavior of women and the relationship with the occurrence of Sexually Transmitted. Method: integrative review of articles available in full, obtained from PubMed, EBSCO, Lilacs and Web os Science databases. Controlled descriptors and keywords “women” or “woman” or “female”, “sexually transmitted disease/transmission” or “sexually transmitted diseases/transmission” and “risky sexual behavior” or “unsafe sex” were used. Results: 794 studies were identified. Of there, thirteen studies composed the sample. Evidence showed that multiple sexual partners; the use of mobile apps to recruit partners; women who have sex with women regardless of sexual orientation; age disparity in relationships; intergenerational relationships are risky sexual behaviors among women. Conclusion: presence of new sexual risk behaviors among post-moderns women. Identify new and old risky sexual behaviors is critical for screening for sexually transmitted infections.Objetivo: identificar la evidencia científica disponible en la literatura sobre el comportamiento sexual de riesgo de las mujeres y la relación con la ocurrencia de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual. Método: revisión integradora de artículos disponibles en su totalidad, obtenidos de las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCO, LILACS y Web of Science. Se utilizaron descriptores controlados y palabras clave “women” o “woman” o “female”, “sexually transmitted disease/transmission” o “sexually transmitted diseases/transmission” y “comportamento sexual de risco” o “unsafe sex” se utilizó. Resultados: se identificaron 794 estudios. De estos, trece estudios comprendieron la muestra. La evidencia mostró que múltiples parejas sexuales; el uso de aplicaciones móviles para reclutar socios; mujeres que tienen relaciones sexuales con mujeres independientemente de su orientación sexual; disparidad de edad en las relaciones; las relaciones intergeneracionales son comportamientos sexuales de riesgo entre las mujeres. &nbsp;Conclusión: presencia de nuevos e comportamientos sexuales de riesgo entre mujeres posmodernas. Identificar comportamientos sexuales de riesgo nuevos y antiguos es fundamental para la detección de infecciones de transmisión sexualObjetivo: identificar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre os comportamentos sexuais de risco de mulheres e a relação com a ocorrência de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Método: revisão integrativa de artigos disponíveis na íntegra, obtidos nas bases PubMed, EBSCO, Lilacs e Web of Science. Foram utilizados descritores controlados e palavras-chave “women” ou “woman” ou “female”, “sexually transmitted disease/transmission” ou “sexually transmitted diseases/transmission” e “comportamento sexual de risco” ou “unsafe sex”. Resultados: foram identificados 794 estudos. Desses, treze estudos compuseram a amostra. As evidências mostraram que múltiplos parceiros sexuais; o uso de aplicativos móveis para recrutar parceiros; mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres independente da orientação sexual; disparidade de idade em relacionamentos; relacionamentos intergeracionais são comportamentos sexuais de risco entre mulheres. Conclusão: presença de novos comportamentos sexuais de risco entre as mulheres pós-modernas. Identificar os novos e velhos comportamentos sexuais de risco é fundamental para o rastreio das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis.