Flebotomíneos (díptera: psychodidae) en la periferia de santarém (pa). Estratificacion horizontal y factores agravantes para la transmisión domiciliar de leishmaniosis

Phlebotominae collections were performed with CDC-type luminous traps, intradomiciliarily (dormitory) and peridomiciliarily (animal shelters) placed, triying to get breeding places in the outskirts of Santarem city in Brazil. Three outlying neighborhoods of the city, where there was registration of autochthonous cases of leishmaniasis, were chosen: Jutaí, Diamantino and St. André. 9.926 Phlebotominae individuals were captured, and they were distributed in 15 species. The most abundant species were L. longipalpis (59,72%) and L. carmelinoi (35,47%). In Jutaí neighborhood the largest amount of Phlebotominae was captured (6.031 specimens), followed by Diamantino neighborhood with (2.390 specimens) and St. André with (1.505 specimens). The major number of individuals was observed during the rainy season (5.377) than in the animal shelters (4.549). In the horizontal stratification there was a significant reduction (p = 0,02) in the Phlebotominae fauna as the residual forest increased.Fueron realizadas colectas de flebotomíneos por medio de trampas luminosas tipo CDC, colocadas intradomiciliarmente (dormitorio) y peridomiciliarmente (abrigos de animales) procurando los criaderos en barrios periféricos de la ciudad de Santarém, Brasil, haciendo la búsqueda en los lugares en donde hubiese registro de casos autóctonos de leishmaniosis, fueran seleccionadas, las siguientes áreas de trabajo: Jutaí, Diamantino y Sto. André. Se capturaron 9.926 flebotomíneos, distribuidos en 15 especies. Las especies más abundantes fueron L. longipalpis (59,72%) y L. carmelinoi (35,47%). En el barrio de Jutaí fue capturada la mayor cantidad de flebotomíneos (6.031), seguido por el barrio de Diamantino (2.390) y Sto. André (1.505). Hubo mayor densidad de individuos en los meses de la estación lluviosa. En la estratificación horizontal hubo reducción significativa (p = 0,02) de la fauna de flebotomíneos, en la medida en que aumentaba la separación de la floresta residu

The Insulation of HVDC Extruded Cable System Joints. Part 1: Review of Materials, Design and Testing Procedures

This position paper by the DEIS HVDC Cable Systems Technical Committee provides a review of existing diagnostic electrical and dielectric techniques for testing the insulation of polymeric extruded HVDC cable joints in the present Part 1. Here, the state of the art on the insulation of HVDC extruded cable system joints is covered with reference to types, design and testing techniques. This helps to identify routine tests as the first target for the onset of new testing procedures, AC-PD measurements as the readily-available measurement from manufacturers' practices for quality control of the insulation of accessories during routine tests and VHF/UHF wireless sensors as the best tool for performing such measurements on joints in the noisy factory environment. Thereby, a novel protocol for the measurement of partial discharges using AC voltages and VHF/UHF sensors, for quality control during routine tests on such joints, is derived in the next Part 2. This protocol is the main novelty of this investigation

The Insulation of HVDC Extruded Cable System Joints. Part 2: Proposal of a New AC Voltage PD Measurement Protocol for Quality Control during Routine Tests

The review of materials, design and testing of joints for HVDC extruded cable systems provided in previous Part 1 paved the way to this Part 2 position paper by the DEIS HVDC Cable Systems Technical Committee, whose aim is to remedy the scarcity of existing standardized tests on joints. After a sound analysis, here routine tests are identified as the first practical target for the onset of new testing procedures, AC-PD measurements as the readily-available measurement from manufacturers’ experience for quality control of joints during routine tests and VHF/UHF wireless sensors as the best tool for such measurements in the noisy environment of factories. Thereby, a novel protocol for PD measurement using AC voltages and VHF/UHF electromagnetic sensors, for quality control during routine tests on HVDC extruded joints, is proposed

The Carnegie Supernova Project I: photometry data release of low-redshift stripped-envelope supernovae

The first phase of the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP-I) was a dedicated supernova follow-up program based at the Las Campanas Observatory that collected science data of young, low-redshift supernovae between 2004 and 2009. Presented in this paper is the CSP-I photometric data release of low-redshift stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae. The data consist of optical (uBgVri) photometry of 34 objects, with a subset of 26 having near-infrared (YJH) photometry. Twenty objects have optical pre-maximum coverage with a subset of 12 beginning at least five days prior to the epoch of B-band maximum brightness. In the near-infrared, 17 objects have pre-maximum observations with a subset of 14 beginning at least five days prior to the epoch of J-band maximum brightness. Analysis of this photometric data release is presented in companion papers focusing on techniques to estimate host-galaxy extinction (Stritzinger et al., submitted) and the light-curve and progenitor star properties of the sample (Taddia et al., submitted). The analysis of an accompanying visual-wavelength spectroscopy sample of ~150 spectra will be the subject of a future paper.Comment: Updated a couple of small error

Estimation of the specific enthalpy–temperature functions for plastering mortars containing hybrid mixes of phase change materials

The use of phase change materials (PCMs) for the building sector is increasingly attracting attention from researchers and practitioners. Several research studies forwarded the possibility of incorporating microencapsulated PCM in plastering mortars for building facades, in pursuit of increased energy efficiency associated with the heat storage capacity of PCM. However, most of these studies are centred in the use of a single type of PCM, which is bound to be more adequate for a given season of the year (e.g. winter or summer) than for all the seasons. The study proposed in this work regards the evaluation of the possibility of using more than one kind of PCM, with distinct melting ranges, here termed as hybrid PCMs, in plastering mortars, to achieve adequately advantageous performance in all seasons of the year. To characterize the PCM, the specific enthalpy and phase change temperature should be adequately measured. The main purpose of this study was to show the conceptual feasibility of combining PCMs in mortars and to evaluate the behaviour of the resulting mortars with differential scanning calorimeter. The results showed that the behaviour of the mortar that contains more than one type of PCM can be predicted through the superposition of effects of the independent PCMs and no interaction occurs between them. The knowledge obtained from the experimental testing established bases for a framework of numerical simulation of real-scale applications, which can be used to ascertain the feasibility of the hybrid PCM concept for decreases in energy consumption of heating/cooling demands in the buildings.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

ID1 and ID4 Are Biomarkers of Tumor Aggressiveness and Poor Outcome in Immunophenotypes of Breast Cancer

Inhibitor of differentiation (ID) proteins are a family of transcription factors that contribute to maintaining proliferation during embryogenesis as they avoid cell differentiation. Afterward, their expression is mainly silenced, but their reactivation and contribution to tumor development have been suggested. In breast cancer (BC), the overexpression of ID1 has been previously described. However, whether the remaining ID genes have a specific role in this neoplasia is still unclear. We studied the mRNA expression of all ID genes by q RT-PCR in BC cell lines and 307 breast carcinomas, including all BC subtypes. Our results showed that ID genes are highly expressed in all cell lines tested. However, ID4 presented higher expression in BC cell lines compared to a healthy breast epithelium cell line. In accordance, ID1 and ID4 were predominantly overexpressed in Triple-Negative and HER2-enriched samples. Moreover, high levels of both genes were associated with larger tumor size, histological grade 3, necrosis and vascular invasion, and poorer patients’ outcomes. In conclusion, ID1 and ID4 may act as biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness and worse prognosis in breast cancer, and they could be used as potential targets for new treatments discover.This research was funded by the Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL) (UGP 16-149 and UGP 180184) and Navarro-Tripodi Foundation (BOLA00150). M.G.E. was supported by fellowships issued by the Valencian Government of Spain (GVA) and the European Social Fund (ACIF/2016/004)

The Carnegie Supernova Project-I. Optical spectroscopy of stripped-envelope supernovae

We present 170 optical spectra of 35 low-redshift stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae observed by the Carnegie Supernova Project-I between 2004 and 2009. The data extend from as early as -19 days (d) prior to the epoch of B-band maximum to +322 d, with the vast majority obtained during the so-called photospheric phase covering the weeks around peak luminosity. In addition to histogram plots characterizing the red-shift distribution, number of spectra per object, and the phase distribution of the sample, spectroscopic classification is also provided following standard criteria. The CSP-I spectra are electronically available and a detailed analysis of the data set is presented in a companion paper being the fifth and final paper of the seriesComment: Resubmitted to A&A after address referee's comments. Comments welcomed, and let us know if we missed to reference your paper

An Environmental Watch System for the Andean Countries: El Observatorio Andino

An experimental Environmental Watch System, the so-called Observatorio Andino (OA), has been implemented in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile over the past 2 yr. The OA is a collaborative and regional network that aims to monitor several environmental variables and develop accurate forecasts based on different scientific tools. Its overall goal is to improve risk assessments, set up early warning systems, support decision-making processes, and provide easily and intuitively understandable spatial maps to end users. The initiative works under the scientific and logistic coordination of the Centro de Modelado Científico (CMC) at Zulia University, Venezuela, and the Centro Internacional para la Investigación del Fenómeno “El Niño” (CIIFEN), and it is operated at a local level by the national weather services (NWSs) of the above-mentioned six Andean nations. The OA provides several freely available model outputs, including meteorological and hydrological forecasts, droughts, fire and flood indices, ecosystems dynamics, climate and health applications, and 5-day high-resolution oceanographic predictions for the eastern Pacific. This article briefly describes the current products, methodologies, and dynamical and statistical modeling outputs provided by the OA. Also, a discussion on how these sets of tools have been put together as a coordinated scientific watch and forecast system for each country and for the entire region is presented. Our experiences over the past 2 yr suggest that this initiative would significantly improve the current decision-making processes in Andean countries

Transition from Fireball to Poynting-flux-dominated Outflow in Three-Episode GRB 160625B

The ejecta composition is an open question in gamma-ray bursts (GRB) physics. Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis, suggesting a hot fireball origin. Others show a featureless non-thermal spectrum known as the "Band" function, consistent with a synchrotron radiation origin and suggesting that the jet is Poynting-flux-dominated at the central engine and likely in the emission region as well. There are also bursts showing a sub-dominant thermal component and a dominant synchrotron component suggesting a likely hybrid jet composition. Here we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-rays and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each "sub-burst" being $\sim$ 0.8 s, 35 s, and 212 s, respectively. Its high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity L$_{\rm p, iso}\sim 4\times 10^{53}$ erg/s) allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to main burst and to extended emission. The spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, allowing us to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation between well-separated emission episodes within a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet.Comment: Revised version reflecting the referees' comments. 27 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. The final edited version will appear in Nature Astronom

A High Pressure Operando Spectroscopy Examination of Bimetal Interactions in ‘Metal Efficient’ Palladium/In2O3/Al2O3 Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation

CO2 hydrogenation to methanol has the potential to serve as a sustainable route to a wide variety of hydrocarbons, fuels and plastics in the quest for net zero. Synergistic Pd-In2O3 (Palladium on Indium Oxide) catalysts show high CO2 conversion and methanol selectivity, enhancing methanol yield. The identity of the optimal active site for this reaction is unclear, either as a Pd−In alloy, proximate metals, or distinct sites. In this work, we demonstrate that metal-efficient Pd-In2O3 species dispersed on Al2O3 can match the performance of pure Pd-In2O3 systems. Further, we follow the evolution of both Pd and In sites, and surface species, under operando reaction conditions using X-ray Absorption Spectroscpy (XAS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. In doing so, we can determine both the nature of the active sites and the influence on the catalytic mechanism