In War We Trust (?) Why Today's Tourism Does Not Promote Global Peace and Security

Tourism does not flourish in areas subject to armed conflict and strong, violent socio-political instability. This axiom has obvious implications on the debate in tourism studies on the risks associated with armed conflicts. The question therefore remains as to how (and if) tourism can contribute to the reduction of global conflicts. This chapter reflects on how the men and women perceive tourism (from both supply and demand side) in this specific period of “End of History” (Fukuyama, 1992). Does tourism reflect the Kantian idea of hospitality in the context of a Perpetual Peace – thus a force for good - or is it just another instrument at the service of neo-liberalism and unbridled economism? Finally, a possible alternative is proposed for the use of tourism in reducing structural and cultural violence

In War We Trust (?) Why Today's Tourism Does Not Promote Global Peace and Security

Tourism does not flourish in areas subject to armed conflict and strong, violent socio-political instability. This axiom has obvious implications on the debate in tourism studies on the risks associated with armed conflicts. The question therefore remains as to how (and if) tourism can contribute to the reduction of global conflicts. This chapter reflects on how the men and women perceive tourism (from both supply and demand side) in this specific period of “End of History” (Fukuyama, 1992). Does tourism reflect the Kantian idea of hospitality in the context of a Perpetual Peace – thus a force for good - or is it just another instrument at the service of neo-liberalism and unbridled economism? Finally, a possible alternative is proposed for the use of tourism in reducing structural and cultural violence

New trends of pilgrimage:Religion tourism, authenticity and innovation, development and intercultural dialogue: Notes from the diary of a pilgrim of Santiago

The characteristics of our society are often contradictory. Despite the "liquidity" theorized by Bauman, aspects and practices deeply related (in appearance and/or in substance) with spirituality hold great importance in our days. Among these practices, we found the pilgrimages. In this article we analyse this phenomenon in one of its best-known forms, the religious pilgrimage, in particular that of the Camino de Santiago. Today this forms of \u201ctravelling\u201d, the pilgrimage, is studied as a tourism product and a vehicle of local development, and many studies already analysed the profiles and the motivations of the \u201cnew pilgrims\u201d, as well as their economic impacts. Nevertheless, we felt the necessity to meet directly the pilgrims and share this experience with them without any filter. We became part of them, by addressing their perception toward their overall experience, using a qualitative approach based on direct observation and unstructured interviews. We collected data during a 400 kilometers walk towards Santiago de Compostela, which enabled us to create a clear overview on this specific, increasing phenomenon: a pilgrimage between religion and tourism, authenticity and innovation, local development and intercultural dialogue

Turismo, património e sustentabilidade: modelo de gestão para sítios arqueológicos

Mestrado em Gestão e Desenvolvimento em TurismoNa sua grande maioria os sítios arqueológicos não têm, para o turista comum, o mesmo valor estético de outras atracções culturais, nem tem o visitante, em muitos casos, a imediata percepção do valor cultural e monumental do lugar. Partindo deste pressuposto, a gestão estratégica e o planeamento do processo de desenvolvimento turístico destas áreas apresenta pelos Heritage Managers um grande número de dificuldades acrescidas, sobretudo no que diz respeito à promoção, apresentação e interpretação do património e, ainda, à utilização do mesmo como instrumento de desenvolvimento sustentável a nível local. O presente estudo propõe a elaboração de um modelo, embora flexível, de gestão e desenvolvimento de sítios arqueológicos ligada ao turismo. Tal modelo assenta numa investigação que se articula na análise das últimas tendências de gestão integrada do território e nos princípios de sustentabilidade, na análise de best practices nacionais e estrangeiras, mas também no estudo do caso, representativo para Portugal, das ruínas de Conimbriga. A análise aprofundada das modalidades e qualidade de gestão permitiu salientar e motivar as falhas encontradas e, consequentemente, fornecer uma série de sugestões e elaborar um modelo para a melhoria dos processos de gestão e desenvolvimento desta área, em particular, e, por extensão, das áreas arqueológicas em geral, sobretudo no que diz respeito à implementação de princípios de sustentabilidade e às formas de apresentação do património arqueológico aos visitantes. Através deste trabalho, queremos afirmar e demonstrar que é possível dar à arqueologia um papel mais importante e dinâmico no processo de desenvolvimento sustentável a nível local, sobretudo através da sua “aliança” com o turismo.Usually, archaeological sites could not have, for the common visitor, the same aesthetic value of other cultural attractions. At the same time, visitors could not have the immediate perception of the real cultural, historic and monumental value of archaeological heritage. Strategic Management and Planning of Tourism Development Process, presents for archaeologists and heritage managers a lot of difficulties, especially about promotion, presentation and interpretation of archaeological heritage and, finally, to use archaeological resources as a dynamic instrument of local sustainable development. This work suggests a new, sustainable and integrated model of archaeological heritage management especially linked with tourism. This model is based on the implementation of principles of sustainability; on the study of the last trends of integrated territory management and national and foreign Best Practices; on a quality management analyse of a representative study case in Portugal: the ruins of Conimbriga. Analyse of the quality of management of this archaeological area permitted to reach out the main problems and “weakness”, and consequently, to elaborate and to suggest a new, better management integrated model, reflecting the principles of sustainability. By this work we claim it is possible to give archaeology a new role into the sustainable development process, trough a strong “alliance” with tourism

Gestão da qualidade do património cultural: análise da percepção dos gestores do património arqueológico

Doutoramento em TurismoWith this work we propose to analyze the perception of the concept of quality by managers of museums and archaeological sites. To this end, we chose to analyze some heritage areas open to the public and certified by HERITY - World Organisation for the Certification of Quality Management of Cultural Heritage, the only international certification of this kind which has been officially recognized by UNESCO and the World Tourism Organization. The application of the principles of quality and Total Quality Management to cultural heritage management is part of the efforts towards a continuous improvement of the cultural tourism offer and - in our opinion – towards an increasing capacity to promote intercultural dialogue between local population and visitors. In this context, we have therefore investigated the perception of quality within the context of cultural heritage management, and how the culture of quality can provide a greater involvement of local communities, contributing to the strengthening of authenticity and destination personality, as well as the promotion of intercultural dialogue between tourists and residents. To answer these questions, we have defined a theoretical model and subsequently carried out an empirical work at European level on the perception of quality by managers of cultural heritage sites, namely archaeological heritage. An in-depth comprehension of areas such as Archeology, Tourism and Quality Management, as well as its role within the broader context of sustainable regional development, are the basis of this work. The latter is intended, in turn, to be a vehicle of reflection within the creation of public policies on territorial management and tourism development. We thus undertook a research line which is still almost unexplored, that is, the analysis of quality principles within the cultural heritage management, their potential and the measurement of their actual impact on the territory, through an integrated approach, by considering in a specular, complex way the two main beneficiaries: residents and tourists.Com o presente trabalho nos propomos de analisar a perceção do conceito de qualidade por parte dos gestores dos museus e sítios arqueológicos. Para tal, escolhemos analisar algumas áreas patrimoniais abertas ao publico e certificadas por HERITY - World Organisation for the Certification of Quality Management of Cultural Heritage, única certificação internacional deste género e cuja importância já foi oficialmente reconhecida pela UNESCO e pela Organização Mundial do Turismo. A aplicação dos princípios da qualidade e do Total Quality Management à gestão do património cultural se insere nos esforços para uma melhoria contínua da oferta cultural e turística e – no nosso entender – no aumento da capacidade de promover o diálogo intercultural entre população residente e visitantes. Nos questionamos portanto sobre a percepção do significado de Qualidade no âmbito da gestão do património cultural, e de que forma a cultura da qualidade pode proporcionar um maior envolvimento das comunidades locais, contribuindo assim para o reforço da autenticidade e do caracter do destino, bem como do diálogo intercultural entre turistas e residentes. Para responder a estas perguntas, procuramos definir um modelo teórico que, a seguir, confrontamos com os resultados de um trabalho empírico de âmbito europeu sobre a perceção da qualidade por parte dos gestores do património cultural, nomeadamente arqueológico. O estudo aprofundado do que é a Arqueologia, o Turismo e a Qualidade e a reflexão do papel destes três domínios no âmbito mais abrangente do desenvolvimento territorial sustentável representam a base deste trabalho, que se propõe por sua vez de ser um veículo de reflexão no âmbito da criação das políticas públicas de gestão do território e de desenvolvimento turístico. Empreendemos assim uma linha de investigação ainda pouco explorada, dedicada à analise dos princípios da qualidade no âmbito da gestão do património, às suas potencialidades e à medição dos seus efetivos impactos no território, através de uma abordagem integrada e considerando duma forma não convencional, mas sim especular e complexa os dois principais beneficiários: população residente e turistas

Arbitrary-order Hilbert spectral analysis and intermittency in solar wind density fluctuations

The properties of inertial and kinetic range solar wind turbulence have been investigated with the arbitrary-order Hilbert spectral analysis method, applied to high-resolution density measurements. Due to the small sample size, and to the presence of strong non-stationary behavior and large-scale structures, the classical structure function analysis fails to detect power law behavior in the inertial range, and may underestimate the scaling exponents. However, the Hilbert spectral method provides an optimal estimation of the scaling exponents, which have been found to be close to those for velocity fluctuations in fully developed hydrodynamic turbulence. At smaller scales, below the proton gyroscale, the system loses its intermittent multiscaling properties, and converges to a monofractal process. The resulting scaling exponents, obtained at small scales, are in good agreement with those of classical fractional Brownian motion, indicating a long-term memory in the process, and the absence of correlations around the spectral break scale. These results provide important constraints on models of kinetic range turbulence in the solar wind

MIGRAZIONE NEOGENICA DEL SISTEMA CATENA-AVAMPAESE NELL'APPENNINO MERIDIONALE: PROBLEMATICHE PALEOGEOGRAFICHE E STRUTTURALI

On the base of some tentative geological profiles across the external areas of the Lucanian Apennines (Southern Italy), worked out by means of field and well data, has been possible to restare the generai geometrical framework. The results allow to discuss the possible evolution in time and space of the processes associated with the thrust faulting. Starting from the external zones it's possible to recognize two major structural elements: the Apulian Foreland and the Apenninic Chain. The Apulian Foreland, a very thick from Mesozoic to Pleistocene carbonate sequence, is downfaulted toward SW giving rise to a foredeep: the Bradanic Trough. Internal to this foredeep zone a carbonate platform more or less deformed from Upper Mio­cene onwards, has been recognized. It probably represents the more internal extension of the Apulian plat­form. Thus we distinguish an "Apulian Chain" representing a sector of the foreland, deformed since Late Mio­cene times, from the Apulian Foreland, where extensional regime was predominant

STOCHASTICITY AND PERSISTENCE OF SOLAR CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS

The study of the statistical properties of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) reveals that their properties depend on the period of solar activity. In particular, when investigating the origin of the waiting time distribution between CMEs, a significant departure from a Poisson process during periods of high solar activity has been found, thus suggesting the existence of at least two physical processes underlying the origin of CMEs. One acts continuously, perhaps related to randomly occurring magnetic reconfigurations of the solar corona at large scales. The other plays a role only during the solar maximum, probably due to the photospheric emergence of magnetic flux as a statistically persistent mechanism, which generates long correlation times among CME events strong enough not to be destroyed by the former random process