The Effects of an Adoption in Hindu and English Law: A Comparative Study.

The subject of the thesis has been dealt with under ten chapters. In each of the chapters the Hindu law has been discussed in its various aspects, including the Smriti law on the subject, the views of the commentators, the judicial decisions and the position under the Anglo- Hindu law, the present law under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956, and compared with the corresponding English and other laws on the subject. I have considered or referred to about seven hundred judicial decisions and also given ray own views and suggestions wherever appropriate The first chapter deals, among other toxics, with the object of adoption, and the sources and history of the Hindu and English Adoption laws. The next few chapters deal with the comparative effects of adoption in the two legal systems in the child's natural and adoptive families and the adoptee's right to succeed to relations in the maternal and paternal families of the adoptive father. Chapter Vi deals exhaustively with the important question of the doctrine of 'relation back' from its inception to the latest Supreme Court decisions and the views of different writers on the subject and my own. Other topics- include ante-adoption agreements and the effect of adoption in forms other than the dattaka. I have shown the close similarity between the present day Hindu and English laws of adoption especially in so far as the effects of the institution are concerned as compared to many other countries where the laws are not as strictly logical. I have also discussed why the adoption of daughters should have been recognised even under the Pre-HAMA period. In the concluding chapter I have discussed various current problems especially the necessity of having an adoption law in India for communities other than Hindus also, who at present have no legally recognised adoption law. I have suggested that there should be, for a period, a two-fold legal institution of adoption, one based upon the Sastra (the Dattaka form) and available to Hindus and another of a purely secular kind available to all persons subject to Indian law in this regard, including the Hindus. This appears to me to be the most feasible course to be adopted under the present circumstances in India

Sugar Mill Effluent Induced Histological Changes in Heart of Channa Punctatus

Sugar mill effluents are not so toxic like pesticides, but they contain many organic and inorganic reactive compounds which can affect the life of the organisms. These reactive compounds accumulate and retard physiological activities in human beings also. Histological biomarkers can be indicators of the effects on organisms of various anthropogenic pollutants on organisms and are a reflection of the overall health of the entire population of that ecosystem. The alterations in cells and tissues of fish are recurrently used biomarkers in many studies as such changes occur in all the invertebrates and vertebrates inhabiting aquatic basins. Histological biomarkers embody tissue lesions arising as a result of previous or current exposure of the organism to one or more toxins. In other words, it can be stated that these compounds act as a slow poison. Keeping these points in view, the effect of sugar mill effluent is observed on histology of heart of freshwater fish Channa punctatus

Is IL-1β Further Evidence for the Role of Propionibacterium acnes in Degenerative Disc Disease? Lessons From the Study of the Inflammatory Skin Condition Acne Vulgaris

The pathogenesis of degenerative disc disease is a complex and multifactorial process in which genetics, mechanical trauma, altered loading and nutrition present significant etiological factors. Infection of the intervertebral disc with the anaerobic bacterium Propionibacterium acnes is now also emerging as a potentially new etiological factor. This human commensal bacterium is well known for its long association with the inflammatory skin condition acne vulgaris. A key component of inflammatory responses to P. acnes in acne appears to be interleukin (IL)-1β. Similarly, in degenerative disc disease (DDD) there is compelling evidence for the fundamental roles of IL-1β in its pathology. We therefore propose that P. acnes involvement in DDD is biologically very plausible, and that IL-1β is the key inflammatory mechanism driving the host response to P. acnes infection. Since there is a solid theoretical basis for this phenomenon, we further propose that the relationship between P. acnes infection and DDD is causal

Sugar Mill Effluent Induced Histological Changes in Gill of Channa punctatus

Pollution is an undesirable change in surrounding environment which affects human life in many ways. We tried to control these factors to improve our living quality. However, many times, the pollution is due to such reasons which cannot be avoidable like daily need product preparation plants. Sugar is a part of our life now. Sugar mills produce large quantities of undesirable byproducts which pollute our surroundings. Finally, these pollutants go to water bodies and pose effect on aquatic organisms. Keeping these points in view, the effect of sugar mill effluent is observed on gill histology of freshwater fish Channa punctatus

Sugar Mill Effluent Induced Histological Changes in Kidney of Channa punctatus

Sugar is everyday need of every human being. Sugar is produced from sugar mills situated in various parts of our country. Sugar mills produced a large amount of sugar with many types of byproducts which finally went into water sources (mainly rivers) as effluents. This effluent contains high amount of toxic elements with wide range of chemicals. This will definitely affect life of aquatic organisms like fishes in rivers. The present study is designed to carefully observe the histological changes produced by toxic substances present in Chatta sugar mill effluent in kidney of Channa punctatus

Predictors of candidemia in pediatric patients (0–12 years) admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India

Background: Bloodstream infections due to Candida species are becoming a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The emergence of non-albicans Candida (NACs) species with lesser susceptibility to antifungals has added to the woes of clinicians. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the clinical and laboratory predictors and microbiological profile of candidemia in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based, prospective, and cross-sectional study conducted in the pediatric department of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 250 children aged 0–12 years with risk factors for fungal sepsis were enrolled. Demographic details, clinical, and laboratory parameters were noted and samples were sent for culture. Cultures yielding growth of Candida were included in the study, and antifungal susceptibility performed. Associations were assessed using Chi-square test first and then through logistic regression models. Results: Among the 250 patients with risk factors for fungal sepsis, 47 patients (18.8%) with culture proven candidemia were identified. Predictors of candidemia among neonates were prematurity (<30 weeks), prolonged ventilation (>72 h), and thrombocytopenia. Among pediatric patients, prolonged steroid intake, Candida isolation from sites other than blood and persistent neutropenia, were significantly associated with the candidemia. NAC species were the predominant isolates (78.7%). Conclusion: Candidemia should be suspected in premature neonates requiring prolonged ventilation with unexplained thrombocytopenia. Among pediatric patients, prolonged steroid intake, Candida isolation from sites other than blood and persistent neutropenia are predictors of candidemia