Redundancy of stereoscopic images: Experimental Evaluation

With the recent advancement in visualization devices over the last years, we are seeing a growing market for stereoscopic content. In order to convey 3D content by means of stereoscopic displays, one needs to transmit and display at least 2 points of view of the video content. This has profound implications on the resources required to transmit the content, as well as demands on the complexity of the visualization system. It is known that stereoscopic images are redundant, which may prove useful for compression and may have positive effect on the construction of the visualization device. In this paper we describe an experimental evaluation of data redundancy in color stereoscopic images. In the experiments with computer generated and real life and test stereo images, several observers visually tested the stereopsis threshold and accuracy of parallax measuring in anaglyphs and stereograms as functions of the blur degree of one of two stereo images and color saturation threshold in one of two stereo images for which full color 3D perception with no visible color degradations is maintained. The experiments support a theoretical estimate that one has to add, to data required to reproduce one of two stereoscopic images, only several percents of that amount of data in order to achieve stereoscopic perception

Spin Chains in an External Magnetic Field. Closure of the Haldane Gap and Effective Field Theories

We investigate both numerically and analytically the behaviour of a spin-1 antiferromagnetic (AFM) isotropic Heisenberg chain in an external magnetic field. Extensive DMRG studies of chains up to N=80 sites extend previous analyses and exhibit the well known phenomenon of the closure of the Haldane gap at a lower critical field H_c1. We obtain an estimate of the gap below H_c1. Above the lower critical field, when the correlation functions exhibit algebraic decay, we obtain the critical exponent as a function of the net magnetization as well as the magnetization curve up to the saturation (upper critical) field H_c2. We argue that, despite the fact that the SO(3) symmetry of the model is explicitly broken by the field, the Haldane phase of the model is still well described by an SO(3) nonlinear sigma-model. A mean-field theory is developed for the latter and its predictions are compared with those of the numerical analysis and with the existing literature.Comment: 11 pages, 4 eps figure

Long-distance entanglement and quantum teleportation in XX spin chains

Isotropic XX models of one-dimensional spin-1/2 chains are investigated with the aim to elucidate the formal structure and the physical properties that allow these systems to act as channels for long-distance, high-fidelity quantum teleportation. We introduce two types of models: I) open, dimerized XX chains, and II) open XX chains with small end bonds. For both models we obtain the exact expressions for the end-to-end correlations and the scaling of the energy gap with the length of the chain. We determine the end-to-end concurrence and show that model I) supports true long-distance entanglement at zero temperature, while model II) supports {\it ``quasi long-distance''} entanglement that slowly falls off with the size of the chain. Due to the different scalings of the gaps, respectively exponential for model I) and algebraic in model II), we demonstrate that the latter allows for efficient qubit teleportation with high fidelity in sufficiently long chains even at moderately low temperatures.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Linkages between sanitation and the Sustainable Development Goals: a case study of Brazil

This paper identifies opportunities from targeted and integrated sanitation action to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is contextualised to the case of Brazil through a systematic approach applied to the sanitation sector that considers the range of infrastructure, management services and people involved in different phases of the service chain, from municipal wastewater containment to safe disposal or re‐use. Articulating the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sanitation, this study analyses their links with each of the 169 SDG targets. We demonstrate that 87 targets across 16 goals require action in Brazil's sanitation sector to achieve the SDGs. Furthermore, we identify synergies between sanitation and 124 targets in four domains: basic services for resilience building, equity and empowerment, pollution reduction and waste reuse and economic well‐being. Key results include the need for Brazil to invest in closed‐loop systems that valorise waste as a resource and the need to multiply efforts in the integrated provision of basic services in low‐income areas most affected by the lack of access to adequate sanitation. The links identified are supported by the compiled evidence of published research. The analysis of linkages through this structured approach aims to highlight opportunities for strategic governance action to support policy harmonisation and partnerships across Brazil's sanitation sector and beyond. With this research, we show that establishing linkages among the SDGs provides an adaptable framework that can support policy‐makers and practitioners seeking to deliver on the 2030 Agenda

Finding critical points using improved scaling Ansaetze

Analyzing in detail the first corrections to the scaling hypothesis, we develop accelerated methods for the determination of critical points from finite size data. The output of these procedures are sequences of pseudo-critical points which rapidly converge towards the true critical points. In fact more rapidly than previously existing methods like the Phenomenological Renormalization Group approach. Our methods are valid in any spatial dimensionality and both for quantum or classical statistical systems. Having at disposal fast converging sequences, allows to draw conclusions on the basis of shorter system sizes, and can be extremely important in particularly hard cases like two-dimensional quantum systems with frustrations or when the sign problem occurs. We test the effectiveness of our methods both analytically on the basis of the one-dimensional XY model, and numerically at phase transitions occurring in non integrable spin models. In particular, we show how a new Homogeneity Condition Method is able to locate the onset of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition making only use of ground-state quantities on relatively small systems.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures. New version including more general Ansaetze basically applicable to all case

Mode decomposition and renormalization in semiclassical gravity

We compute the influence action for a system perturbatively coupled to a linear scalar field acting as the environment. Subtleties related to divergences that appear when summing over all the modes are made explicit and clarified. Being closely connected with models used in the literature, we show how to completely reconcile the results obtained in the context of stochastic semiclassical gravity when using mode decomposition with those obtained by other standard functional techniques.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, no figure

Noise Kernel in Stochastic Gravity and Stress Energy Bi-Tensor of Quantum Fields in Curved Spacetimes

The noise kernel is the vacuum expectation value of the (operator-valued) stress-energy bi-tensor which describes the fluctuations of a quantum field in curved spacetimes. It plays the role in stochastic semiclassical gravity based on the Einstein-Langevin equation similar to the expectation value of the stress-energy tensor in semiclassical gravity based on the semiclassical Einstein equation. According to the stochastic gravity program, this two point function (and by extension the higher order correlations in a hierarchy) of the stress energy tensor possesses precious statistical mechanical information of quantum fields in curved spacetime and, by the self-consistency required of Einstein's equation, provides a probe into the coherence properties of the gravity sector (as measured by the higher order correlation functions of gravitons) and the quantum nature of spacetime. It reflects the low and medium energy (referring to Planck energy as high energy) behavior of any viable theory of quantum gravity, including string theory. It is also useful for calculating quantum fluctuations of fields in modern theories of structure formation and for backreaction problems in cosmological and black holes spacetimes. We discuss the properties of this bi-tensor with the method of point-separation, and derive a regularized expression of the noise-kernel for a scalar field in general curved spacetimes. One collorary of our finding is that for a massless conformal field the trace of the noise kernel identically vanishes. We outline how the general framework and results derived here can be used for the calculation of noise kernels for Robertson-Walker and Schwarzschild spacetimes.Comment: 22 Pages, RevTeX; version accepted for publication in PR

Genetics of Euglossini bees (Hymenoptera) in fragments of the Atlantic Forest in the region of Viçosa, MG

With uncontrolled deforestation, forest fragments remain, which in most cases are in different stages of regeneration and present isolated populations. In the present study we analyzed the genetic patterns of Eulaema nigrita populations in seven Atlantic Forest fragments of different sizes and successional stages in the region of Viçosa, MG. This was done by RAPD molecular markers. We observed that the area of the fragments had no effect on the genetic variability of E. nigrita in the direction predicted by meta-population models. Medium-sized well-preserved woods presented the lowest variability, whereas large and small woods were statistically identical. The evidence supports the notion that rural areas present greater dispersal among fragments, implying greater similarity between the populations of fragments located in rural areas when compared to fragments in urban areas.Com o desmatamento descontrolado das florestas há a formação de fragmentos de mata que, na maioria das vezes, se encontram em distintos estágios de regeneração, mantendo populações isoladas. Neste trabalho foi feita a análise dos padrões genéticos de populações de Eulaema nigrita de fragmentos de mata Atlântica de diferentes tamanhos e estágios sucessionais por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD da região de Viçosa, MG. Pode-se verificar que a área dos fragmentos não apresentou efeito sobre a variabilidade genética em E. nigrita na direção predita pelos modelos de metapopulação. Uma mata de tamanho médio e bem preservada apresentou a menor variabilidade, enquanto matas grandes e pequenas foram estatisticamente iguais. As evidências sustentam que áreas rurais apresentam maior dispersão entre fragmentos, implicando maior similaridade entre as populações de fragmentos localizados em áreas rurais se comparados com fragmentos nas áreas urbanizadas

Latent space transformers for generalizing deep networks

Sharing information between deep networks is not a simple task nowadays. In a traditional approach, researchers change and train layers at the end of a pretrained deep network while the other layers remain the same to adapt it to their purposes or develop a new deep network. In this paper, we propose a novel concept for interoperability in deep networks. Generalizing such networks’ usability will facilitate the creation of new hybrid models promoting innovation and disruptive use cases for deep networks in the fifth generation of wireless communications (5G) networks and increasing the accessibility, usability, and affordability for these products. The main idea is to use standard latent space transformation to share information between such networks. First, each deep network should be split into two parts by creators. After that, they should provide access to standard latent space. As each deep network should do that, we suggest the standard for the procedure. By adding the latent space, we can combine two deep networks using the latent transformer block, the only block that needs to train while connecting different pretrained deep networks. The results from the combination create a new network with a unique ability. This paper contributes to a concept related to the generalization of deep networks using latent transformers, optimizing the utilization of the edge and cloud in 5G telecommunication, controlling load balancing, saving bandwidth, and decreasing the latency caused by cumbersome computations. We provide a review of the current standardization associated with deep networks and Artificial Intelligence in general. Lastly, we present some use cases in 5G supporting the proposed concept.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio