Controlling Factors Determining The Selective Hscn Addition To Double Bonds And Their Application To The Synthesis Of 7-isothiocyano-7,8-α-dihydro-bisabolene

The reactivity of terminal and trisubstituted double bonds of monoterpenes with HSCN has been examined by GC giving evidence that kinetics is responsible for the chemoselective addition to terminal double bonds in terpenes. The results show that the addition to the terminal double bond is about 17 times faster than for trisubstituted double bonds and that the presence of the first SCN group in the molecule prevents a second addition. The presence of a hydroxyl or methoxy group in the molecule, decreases the reaction kinetics. Based on these kinetic experiments a two steps synthesis of the natural product 7-isothiocyano-7,8-dihydro-α-bisabolene using bisabolol as starting material, was planned and successfully accomplished.125661666Drobnica, L., Kristían, P., Augustín, J., The Chemistry of the Cyanates and Their Thio Derivatives, , Saul Patai Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New YorkEdenborough, M.S., Herbert, R.B., (1988) Nat. Prod., p. 229Faulkner, D.J., (1994) Nat. Prod., p. 355(1993) Nat. Prod., p. 497(1992) Nat. Prod., p. 323(1991) Nat. Prod., p. 97(1990) Nat. Prod., p. 269(1988) Nat. Prod., p. 613Fraga, B.M., (1994) Nat. Prod. Rep., p. 533Piers, E., Young, B.W.A., Rettig, S.J., (1987) Tetrahedron, 43 (23), p. 5521Piers, E., Yeung, B.W., (1986) Can. J. Chem., 64, p. 2475Chenera, B., Chuang, C.P., Hart, D.J., Lai, C.S., (1992) J. Org. Chem., 57, p. 2018Da Silva, C.C., Almagro, V., Zukerman-Schpector, J., Castellano, E.E., Marsaioli, A.J., (1994) J. Org. Chem., 59, p. 2880Da Silva, C.C., Almagro, V., Marsaioli, A.J., (1993) Tetrahedron Lett., 34, p. 6717Martin, V.S., Woodward, S.S., Katsuki, T., Yamada, Y., Ikeda, M., Sharpless, K.B., (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 103, p. 6237Rakels, J.L., Straathof, A.J.J., Heijnin, J.J., (1993) Enzyme Microb. Technol, 15, p. 1051Diveley, W.R., Buntin, G.A., (1969) J. Org. Chem., 34, p. 616Queiroga, C.L., Ferracini, V.L., Marsaioli, A.J., (1996) Phytochemistry, 42, p. 1097(-)Bisabolol (8) [(αS, 1S)-1-methanol-α,4-dimethyl-α-4-methyl-3-pentenyl-3-cyclohexene] was obtained from commercial candeia oil (CITRÓLEO - S.Paulo, SP, Brazil)Sullivan, B.W., Faulkner, D.J., Okamoto, K.T., Chen, M.H.M., Clardy, J., (1986) J. Org. Chem., 51, p. 5134Dubois, J.E., Lomas, J.S., (1971) Tetrahedron Lett., 7, p. 599Delay, F., Ohloff, F., (1979) Helv. Chem. Acta, 62, p. 326A sample of dihydrolimonene was kindly provided by Prof. Marcio C. S. de Mattos from IQ/UFRJ, RJ, Brazi

A new species of Eutropis (Squamata: Scincidae) from Sri Lanka

A new species of lygosomine scincid lizard of the genus Eutropis is described from the dry and intermediate zones of the lowlands (0–190 m asl) of Sri Lanka. Eutropis tammanna sp. nov. is compared with congeners from Sri Lanka and those from southern Peninsular India, and is diagnosable by molecular data and by the following combination of morphological characters: body size small, up to 52.3 mm; transparent window-like disk absent on lower eyelids; prefrontals in broad contact; a single pair of nuchals; postnasal absent; ear opening larger than adjacent scales; dorsal scales with 6–7 keels; midbody scale rows 28–29; paravertebral scale rows 37–40; ventral scales 41–48; lamellae under fourth toe 15–16; dark labial bars present in both sexes, which are more distinct in males; dark postocular stripe absent; males brown on dorsum, with dark flanks speckled with cream; females similar to males, the pattern less contrasting, lacking paired series of black markings, pale vertebral stripes or dark longitudinal stripes on dorsum. In addition, the rostral, labials, and gular region of presumed breeding males are bright flame scarlet

Prediction of lamb body composition using in vivo bioimpedance analysis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of in vivo bioimpedance analysis (BIA) as a method to estimate body composition in lambs. Thirty-one Texel x Ile de France crossbreed ram lambs were slaughtered at pre-determined intervals of average weights of 20, 26, 32, and 38 kg. Before the slaughter of the animals, their body weight (BW) and body length (BL) were measured. The values for resistance (Rs) and reactance (Xc) were collected using a single-frequency BIA equipment (Model RJL Quantum II Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer). The BIA main variables such as body bioelectrical volume (V), phase angle (PA), resistive density (RsD), and reactive density (XcD) were then calculated. The soft tissue mass of the right-half cold carcass was analyzed in order to determine its chemical composition. Multiple regression analyses were performed using the lamb body composition as dependent variables and the measurements related to bioimpedance as independent variables. The best regression models were evaluated by cross-validation. The predictive model of moisture mass, which was developed by using XcD and V, accounted for 84% of its variation. Resulting models of percentage moisture (R2 = 0.79), percentage lean mass (R2 = 0.79), percentage fat (R2 = 0.79), and fat mass (R2 = 0.87) were obtained using RsD and V. Furthermore, the values of RsD regarding V, and PA in the prediction models accounted for 91% and 89% of variation in protein mass and lean mass, respectively. Bioimpedance analysis proved to be an efficient method to estimate the body composition of lambs slaughtered at different body mass stages

1H low- and high-field NMR study of the effects of plasma treatment on the oil and water fractions in crude heavy oil

AbstractThe chemical and physical properties of a Brazilian heavy oil submitted to plasma treatment were investigated by 1H low- and high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combined to the characterization of rheological properties, thermogravimetry and measurement of basic sediments and water (BSW) content. The crude oil was treated in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor, using natural gas, CO2 or H2 as working gas. The results indicated a large drop in the water content of the plasma-treated samples as compared to the crude oil, giving rise to a reduction in the viscosity. No significant chemical change was produced in the oil portion itself, as observed by 1H NMR. The water contents determined by 1H low-field NMR analyses agreed well with those obtained by BSW, indicating the low-field NMR methods as a useful tool for following the effects of plasma treatments on heavy oils, allowing the separation of the effects caused on the water and oil fractions

COMPACTAÇÃO DE SOLOS EM LABORATÓRIO: EFEITO DO DIÂMETRO E DO NÚMERO DE CAMADAS DO CORPO DE PROVA

RESUMONeste trabalho, estudou-se a influência do diâmetro e do número de camadas do corpo de prova nas curvas de compactação de laboratório e na resistência mecânica de dois solos residuais de gnaisse da Zona da Mata Norte de Minas Gerais, respectivamente, de texturas argilo-areno-siltosa (Solo 1) e areno-silto-argilosa (Solo 2), com vistas à construção de estradas florestais. Além dos resultados dos ensaios de compactação, determinou-se a resistência à compressão não confinada dos solos empregando corpos de prova compactados na umidade ótima (wot) e nos teores de umidade 3% abaixo e 2% acima, considerando como referência a energia de compactação do ensaio Proctor normal e empregando corpos de prova compactados em uma, duas e três camadas, bem como nos diâmetros de 35 mm, 73 mm e 100 mm, com nove repetições. Para fins práticos de engenharia e com base em análise estatística aplicada aos parâmetros massa específica aparente seca e resistência à compressão não confinada, pode-se concluir que: (i) há diferenças significativas entre as compactações realizadas em uma e em três camadas, não ocorrendo o mesmo nas compactações realizadas em duas e em três camadas, para ambos os solos; e (ii) há diferenças significativas entre a compactação de corpos de prova de diâmetro 100 mm e os demais de 73 mm e 35 mm, para o solo 1 (argiloso), bem como há também diferenças apenas no ramo seco da curva de compactação, para o solo 2 (arenoso)

Multicenter Adaptation Of The Guide Autonomous Management Of Medication

Rising psychotropic prescriptions and low empowerment of mental health users hamper qualified delivery of mental health services in Brazil and countries providing universal healthcare. This multicentric study performed in three Brazilian cities aimed to develop the Brazilian translation and adaptation upon the Quebecoise-Canadian Gaining Autonomy and Medication (GAM) Guide; and to evaluate the impact of its use on mental health workers education. Intervention Groups (IGs) were held to provide experience sharing on medication as relevant issues were brought up by the guide. Pre- and post- IGs focus groups were held. Major changes to the original text of the Quebecoise handbook were necessary according to the Brazilian scenario. Results show the Brazilian version as a powerful strategy to promote users' participation in decision making concerning treatment as well as the mental health services they are in treatment at. The handbook also has a positive impact on staff education.1643967980Secretaria Municipal de Campinas (2010) Informações da Secretaria Municipal de Campinas Departamento de Saúde, Saúde Mental, , CAMPINASCampos, G.W.S., (2000) Um Método Para Análise E Co-gestão De Coletivos - a Construção Do Sujeito, a Produção De Valor De Uso E a Democracia Em Instituições: O Método Da Roda, , São Paulo: HucitecCampos, G.W.S., Onocko, R.C., Co-construção de autonomia: O sujeito em questão (2005) A Construção Da Clínica Ampliada Na Atenção Básica, pp. 86-107. , CAMPOS, G.W.SMINAYO, M.C.SAKERMAN, M.CUNHA, G.T. (Orgs), São Paulo: HucitecFurtado, J.P., Onocko, R.C., Participation, knowledge production, and evaluative research: Participation by different actors in a mental health study (2008) Cad Saude Publica, 24 (11), pp. 2671-2680Gadamer, H.G., (1997) Verdade E Método: Traços Fundamentais De Uma Hermenêutica Filosófica, , Petrópolis: Editora VozesHull, S.A., Aquino, P., Cotter, S., Explaining variation in antidepressant prescribing rates in east London: A cross sectional study (2005) Fam Pract, 22 (1), pp. 37-42International Narcotics Control Board (2010) Psychotropic Substances, , http://www.incb.org/pdf/technical-reports/psychotropics/2010/Psychotropic_Substances_Publication_2010.pdf, VIENNA. United Nations, Vienna: UN, Disponível em, Acesso em: 04 jul. 2012Kinoshita, R.T., Contratualidade e reabilitação psicossocial (1996) Reabilitação Psicossocial No Brasil, pp. 55-59. , PITTA, A. (Org.), São Paulo: HucitecMaragno, L., Prevalence of common mental disorders in a population covered by the Family Health Program (QUALIS) in Sao Paulo, Brazil (2006) Cad Saude Publica, 22 (8), pp. 1639-1648Marques, C.C., (2012) Entre Nós: Sobre Mudar De Lugar E Produzir Diferenças, , 2012. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto AlegreOnocko, C.R.T., Avaliação de estratégias inovadoras na organização da Atenção Primária à Saúde (2012) Rev. Saúde Pública, 46 (1). , http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-89102012000100006&lng=en&nrm=iso, São Paulo, Feb, Disponível em, Acesso em: 04 jul. 2012. Epub Dec 13,2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102011005000083Onocko, C.R.T., Furtado, J.P., Narratives: Use in qualitative health-related research (2008) Rev Saude Publica, 42 (6), pp. 1090-1096Otanari, T.M.C., (2011) A Experiência De Participação Dos Residentes De Psiquiatria E Saúde Mental Nos Grupos De Gestão Autônoma Da Medicação? (GAM): Possíveis Efeitos Na Formação, , 2011. Dissertação (Mestrado). Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CampinasRegier, D.A., The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program: Historical context, major objectives, and study population characteristics (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41 (10), pp. 934-941Rodriguez, L., Perron, N., Ouellette, J.N., Psicotrópicos e saúde mental: Escutar ou regular o sofrimento? (2008) Pesquisa Avaliativa Em Saúde Mental: Desenho Participativo E Efeitos Da Narratividade, pp. 125-162. , ONOCKO CAMPOS, R.FURTADO, J.P.PASSOS, E.BENEVIDES, R. (Orgs), São Paulo: HucitecRodriguez, L., Corin, E., Poirel, M.L., Le point de vue des utilisateurs sur l'emploi de la médication en psychiatrie: Une voix ignorée (2001) Revue Québécoise De Psychologie, 22 (2), pp. 1-23Ricouer, P., (1997) Tempo E Narrativa, , Campinas: PapirusRicouer, P., (1990) Interpretação E Ideologias, , Rio de Janeiro: Francisco AlvesSantos, D.V.D., (2009) Uso De Psicotrópicos Da Atenção Primária Do Distrito Sudoeste De Campinas E Sua Relação Com Os Arranjos Da Clínica Ampliada: Uma Pedra No Sapato, , 2009. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CampinasVedia, U.C., Study of use of psychiatric drugs in primary care (2005) Aten Primaria, 36 (5), pp. 239-245Winter, F., de Présentation, M., (2007), http://www.ladroit.org/texteforumgam.pdf, François Winter, coordonnateur de L'A-DROIT de Chaudière-Appalaches, lors de la 4ième table ronde du forum international sur les psychotropes des 3-4-5 avril, Disponível em, Acesso em: 04 jul 201

Filtering spin with tunnel-coupled electron wave guides

We show how momentum-resolved tunneling between parallel electron wave guides can be used to observe and exploit lifting of spin degeneracy due to Rashba spin-orbit coupling. A device is proposed that achieves spin filtering without using ferromagnets or the Zeeman effect.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTex