216 research outputs found
The Simple View of Reading Made Complex by Morphological Decoding Fluency in Bilingual Fourth-Grade Readers of English
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordThis study examined the complexity of the Simple View of Reading focusing on morphological
decoding fluency in fourth-grade readers of English in Singapore. The participants were three
groups of students who all learned to become bilingual and biliterate in the English language
(EL) and their respective ethnic language in school but differed in the home language they used.
The first group was ethnic Chinese students who used English as the dominant home language
(Chinese EL1); the other two groups were ethnic Chinese and Malay students whose dominant
home language was not English but Chinese (Chinese EL2) and Malay (Malay EL2),
respectively. The measures included pseudo word decoding (phonemic decoding), timed
decoding of derivational words (morphological decoding fluency), oral vocabulary, and passage
comprehension. Path analysis showed that oral vocabulary significantly predicted reading
comprehension across all three groups; yet a significant effect of morphological decoding
fluency surfaced in the Chinese EL1 and Malay EL2 groups but not the Chinese EL2 group.
Multi-group path analysis and commonality analysis further confirmed that morphological
decoding played a larger role in the in the Chinese EL1 and Malay EL2 groups. These findings
are discussed in light of the joint influence of target language experience and cross-linguistic
influence on second language or bilingual reading development.Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological Universit
Infrared conductivity of a one-dimensional charge-ordered state: quantum lattice effects
The optical properties of the charge-ordering () phase of the
one-dimensional (1D) half-filled spinless Holstein model are derived at zero
temperature within a well-known variational approach improved including
second-order lattice fluctuations. Within the phase, the static lattice
distortions give rise to the optical interband gap, that broadens as the
strength of the electron-phonon () interaction increases. The lattice
fluctuation effects induce a long subgap tail in the infrared conductivity and
a wide band above the gap energy. The first term is due to the multi-phonon
emission by the charge carriers, the second to the interband transitions
accompanied by the multi-phonon scattering. The results show a good agreement
with experimental spectra.Comment: 5 figure
Orthographic depth and its impact on Universal Predictors of Reading: a cross-language investigation
Alphabetic orthographies differ in the transparency of their letter-sound mappings, with English orthography being less
transparent than other alphabetic scripts. The outlier status of English has led scientists to question the generality of findings
based on English-language studies. We investigated the role of phonological awareness, memory, vocabulary, rapid naming, and
nonverbal intelligence in reading performance across five languages lying at differing positions along a transparency continuum
(Finnish, Hungarian, Dutch, Portuguese, and French). Results from a sample of 1,265 children in Grade 2 showed that phonological
awareness was the main factor associated with reading performance in each language. However, its impact was modulated by
the transparency of the orthography, being stronger in less transparent orthographies. The influence of rapid naming was rather
weak and limited to reading and decoding speed. Most predictors of reading performance were relatively universal across these
alphabetic languages, although their precise weight varied systematically as a function of script transparenc
Novel word integration in the mental lexicon: Evidence from unmasked and masked semantic priming
Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree trauma: WSES-AAST guidelines
Duodeno-pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary tree injuries are rare in both adult and pediatric trauma patients, and due to their anatomical location, associated injuries are very common. Mortality is primarily related to associated injuries, but morbidity remains high even in isolated injuries. Optimal management of duodeno-bilio-pancreatic injuries is dictated primarily by hemodynamic stability, clinical presentation, and grade of injury. Endoscopic and percutaneous interventions have increased the ability to non-operatively manage these injuries. Late diagnosis and treatment are both associated to increased morbidity and mortality. Sequelae of late presentations of pancreatic injury and complications of severe pancreatic trauma are also increasingly addressed endoscopically and with interventional radiology procedures. However, for moderate and severe extrahepatic biliary and severe duodeno-pancreatic injuries, immediate operative intervention is preferred as associated injuries are frequent and commonly present with hemodynamic instability or peritonitis. The aim of this paper is to present the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) duodenal, pancreatic, and extrahepatic biliary tree trauma management guidelines
Predictors of single word spelling in English-speaking children: a cross sectional study
Background: The study aimed to explore to what extent variables associated with lexical and sublexical spelling processes predicted single word spelling ability, and whether patterns of lexical and sublexical processes were different across ages.
Methods: Beginning (mean age 7-years, N=144) and advanced (mean age 9-years, N=114) English-speaking spellers completed tasks associated with sublexical processing (phonological ability and phonological short-term memory), lexical processing (visual short-term memory, visual attention span), and factors known to predict spelling (e.g., rapid automatised naming).
Results: Phonological ability, rapid automatised naming, visual short-term memory and visual attention span were significant predictors of spelling accuracy for beginning spellers, while for more advanced spellers, only visual attention span was a significant predictor.
Conclusions: The findings suggested that for beginning spellers, both lexical and sublexical processes are important for single word spelling, but with increasing literacy experience, lexically related variables are more important
Relations Between Children's Invented Spelling and the Development of Phonological Awareness
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