La RSE est - elle applicable dans les établissements publics comme dans n'importe quelle autre organisation ? Un exemple : les Universités

De responsabilité sociétale des entreprises à responsabilité sociétale des organisations, une évolution mais pour quelle mise en application ? Le service public peut-il s\u27adapter ? Pourquoi ? Avec qui ? A quelles conditions ? Dispose-t-il des outils nécessaires ? Réflexions sur ce thème

A micropillar for cavity optomechanics

We present a new micromechanical resonator designed for cavity optomechanics. We have used a micropillar geometry to obtain a high-frequency mechanical resonance with a low effective mass and a very high quality factor. We have coated a 60-$\mu$m diameter low-loss dielectric mirror on top of the pillar and are planning to use this micromirror as part of a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, to laser cool the resonator down to its quantum ground state and to monitor its quantum position fluctuations by quantum-limited optical interferometry

Threats to the validity of mutation-based test assessment

Much research on software testing and test techniques relies on experimental studies based on mutation testing. In this paper we reveal that such studies are vulnerable to a potential threat to validity, leading to possible Type I errors; incorrectly rejecting the Null Hypothesis. Our findings indicate that Type I errors occur, for arbitrary experiments that fail to take countermeasures, approximately 62% of the time. Clearly, a Type I error would potentially compromise any scientific conclusion. We show that the problem derives from such studies’ combined use of both subsuming and subsumed mutants. We collected articles published in the last two years at three leading software engineering conferences. Of those that use mutation-based test assessment, we found that 68% are vulnerable to this threat to validity

Capabilities of Global Ocean Programmes to Inform Climate Services

AbstractClimate services are identified as a means of providing the information that is needed to support decision makers in assessing the impacts of climate change on the oceans. We discuss the current observation programs to support these services, and their capacity to provide the information needed to monitor and address key science questions. An analysis of the current oceanographic observation programs is shown to be undersubscribed from their original plans. There are vulnerabilities in the current observing programs, particularly in relation to satellite measurements. The interaction of climate services with the research community, with policy makers and stakeholders and operational centres is outlined and leads to four recommendations. The key recommendations are for the more pervasisve development of climate services and for a modest increment in the observing program informed by the recommendations of the OceanObs’09 conference

Model-based testing of global properties on large-scale distributed systems

Context Large-scale distributed systems are becoming commonplace with the large popularity of peer-to-peer and cloud computing. The increasing importance of these systems contrasts with the lack of integrated solutions to build trustworthy software. A key concern of any large-scale distributed system is the validation of global properties, which cannot be evaluated on a single node. Thus, it is necessary to gather data from distributed nodes and to aggregate these data into a global view. This turns out to be very challenging because of the system's dynamism that imposes very frequent changes in local values that affect global properties. This implies that the global view has to be frequently updated to ensure an accurate validation of global properties. Objective In this paper, we present a model-based approach to define a dynamic oracle for checking global properties. Our objective is to abstract relevant aspects of such systems into models. These models are updated at runtime, by monitoring the corresponding distributed system. Method We conduce real-scale experimental validation to evaluate the ability of our approach to check global properties. In this validation, we apply our approach to test two open-source implementations of distributed hash tables. The experiments are deployed on two clusters of 32 nodes. Results The experiments reveal an important defect on one implementation and show clear performance differences between the two implementations. The defect would not be detected without a global view of the system. Conclusion Testing global properties on distributed software consists of gathering data from different nodes and building a global view of the system, where properties are validated. This process requires a distributed test architecture and tools for representing and validating global properties. Model-based techniques are an expressive mean for building oracles that validate global properties on distributed systems. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Free-space cavity optomechanics in a cryogenic environment

International audienceWe present a free-space optomechanical system operating in the 1-K range. The device is made ofa high mechanical quality factor micropillar with a high-reflectivity optical coating atop, combinedwith an ultra-small radius-of-curvature coupling mirror to form a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavityembedded in a dilution refrigerator. The cavity environment as well as the cryostat have beendesigned to ensure low vibrations and to preserve micron-level alignment from room temperatur

The Oceanic Variability Spectrum and Transport Trends

Oceanic meridional transports evaluated over the width of the Pacific Ocean from altimetric observations become incoherent surprisingly rapidly with meridional separation. Even with 15 years of data, surface slopes show no significant coherence beyond 5◦ of latitude separation at any frequency. An analysis of the frequency/zonal-wavenumber spectral density shows a broad continuum of motions at all time and space scales, with a significant excess of energy along a “non-dispersive” line extending between the simple barotropic and first baroclinic mode Rossby waves. It is speculated that much of that excess energy lies with coupled barotropic and first mode Rossby waves. The statistical significance of apparent oceanic transport trends depends upon the existence of a reliable frequency/wavenumber spectrum and for which only a few observational elements now exist.Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.).United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Jason-1 program)National Oceanographic Partnership Program (U.S.

New insights into orthostatic hypotension in multiple system atrophy: a European multicentre cohort study

Objectives: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a key feature of multiple system atrophy (MSA), a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with autonomic failure, parkinsonism and ataxia. This study aims (1) to determine the clinical spectrum of OH in a large European cohort of patients with MSA and (2) to investigate whether a prolonged postural challenge increases the sensitivity to detect OH in MSA. Methods: Assessment of OH during a 10 min orthostatic test in 349 patients with MSA from seven centres of the European MSA-Study Group (age: 63.6±8.8 years; disease duration: 4.2±2.6 years). Assessment of a possible relationship between OH and MSA subtype (P with predominant parkinsonism or C with predominant cerebellar ataxia), Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS) scores and drug intake. Results: 187 patients (54%) had moderate (>20 mm Hg (systolic blood pressure (SBP)) and/or >10 mm Hg (diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) or severe OH (>30 mm Hg (SBP) and/or >15 mm Hg (DBP)) within 3 min and 250 patients (72%) within 10 min. OH magnitude was significantly associated with disease severity (UMSARS I, II and IV), orthostatic symptoms (UMSARS I) and supine hypertension. OH severity was not associated with MSA subtype. Drug intake did not differ according to OH magnitude except for antihypertensive drugs being less frequently, and antihypotensive drugs more frequently, prescribed in severe OH. Conclusions: This is the largest study of OH in patients with MSA. Our data suggest that the sensitivity to pick up OH increases substantially by a prolonged 10 min orthostatic challenge. These results will help to improve OH management and the design of future clinical trials.Fil: Pavy Le Traon, Anne. University Hospital of Toulouse; Francia. Inserm; FranciaFil: Piedvache, A.. Université Paul Sabatier; FranciaFil: Pérez Lloret, Santiago. University Hospital of Toulouse; Francia. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Calandra Buonara, G.. Università di Bologna; Italia. Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; ItaliaFil: Cochen De Cock, V.. University Hospital of Toulouse; Francia. University of Montpellier; FranciaFil: Colosimo, C.. Sapienza Università di Roma; ItaliaFil: Cortelli, P.. Università di Bologna; Italia. Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna; ItaliaFil: Debs, R.. University Hospital of Toulouse; FranciaFil: Duerr, S.. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Fanciulli, A.. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Foubert Samier, A.. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux; Francia. Universite de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Gerdelat, Angela. University Hospital of Toulouse; FranciaFil: Gurevich, T.. Tel-Aviv University; IsraelFil: Krismer, F.. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Poewe, W.. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Tison, Francois. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Tranchant, C.. University Hospital Hautepierre; FranciaFil: Wenning, G.. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Meissner, Wassilios G.. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Rascol, Olivier. University Hospital of Toulouse; Franci

A large-amplitude meander of the shelfbreak front during summer south of New England : observations from the Shelfbreak PRIMER experiment

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004): C03006, doi:10.1029/2002JC001468.In order to examine spatial and temporal variability of the shelfbreak front during peak stratification, repeated surveys using a towed undulating vehicle (SeaSoar) are used to describe the evolution of shelfbreak frontal structure during 26 July to 1 August 1996 south of New England. Spatial correlation (e-folding) scales for the upper 60 m of the water column were generally between 8 and 15 km for temperature, salinity, and velocity. Temporal correlation scales were about 1 day. The frontal variability was dominated by the passage of a westward propagating meander that had a wavelength of 40 km, a propagation speed of 0.11 m s−1, and an amplitude of 15 km (30 km from crest to trough). Along-front geostrophic velocities (referenced to a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profilers) were as large as 0.45 m s−1, although subject to significant along-front variations. The relative vorticity within the jet was large, with a maximum 0.6 of the local value of the Coriolis parameter. Seaward of the front, a small detached eddy consisting of shelf water was present with a diameter of approximately 15 km. Ageostrophic contributions to the velocity field are estimated to be as large as 0.3 m s−1 in regions of sharp curvature within the meander. These observations strongly suggest that during at least some time periods, shelfbreak exchange is nonlinear (large Rossby number) and dominated by features on a horizontal scale of order 10 km.This work was performed under grants N-00014-95-1-0575 and N-00014-98-1-0059. as part of the ONR Shelfbreak PRIMER Initiative. Some additional analysis and writing was done under ONR grants N-00014-00-1-0931 and N-00014-01-1-0247