High-resolution scan of the Pyrenean crustal structure combining magnetotelluric and gravity data

The Pyrenees have undergone complex geodynamic evolution starting with experiencing significant tectonic events during the Variscan Orogeny, followed by the intrusion of large granitic complexes during the late Variscan stage, then the collision between the Iberian and European plates during the Alpine Orogeny, and finally, Mesozoic extension. Despite extensive studies and the application of various geophysical methods (two-dimensional seismic reflection data, gravity, and long period magnetotellurics) to investigate the Pyrenean structure, there are still fundamental questions regarding its basement and cover architecture. Specifically, the geometry at depth of significant bodies such as the Late Variscan intrusive granites and Triassic evaporitic accumulations, remains unclear. To better understand these issues, we have conducted joint magnetotelluric and gravity surveys along a 60-kilometer-long transect, spanning the boundary between the Axial and South Pyrenean Zones. Our final geological interpretation shows that the La Maladeta batholith consists of two distinct granitic bodies related to different intrusive pulses. In addition, we identify important Triassic evaporitic accumulations at depth. This work shows the high potential of integrating two geophysical models for understanding the geological evolution of structurally complex areas. The magnetotelluric and gravity data are complementary, with each dataset providing a different resolution for investigating the basement and cover architecture of the Pyrenees. These resolutions depend on the varied petrophysical properties of the rocks involved, including water content and deformation grade

Pre-germination techniques for ?faveira? in lots of different provenances as subsidy to standardization and commercialization.

Abstract: The native seed market in Brazil is recent, requires organization, and its governance is important, to approve resources? quality and origin from taken resources. Widely ranged, Enterolobium schomburgkii was chosen, to sign use of simple techniques to evaluate seeds production. For the assessment of initial growth (germination and emergency), packages of three different provenances seeds (Alta Floresta, Sinop and Xingu-Araguaia) were evaluated, in two environmental conditions (controlled/Mangelsdorf/30 °C and seedbed/open area/room temperature) and four dormancy breaks (CTEA18, CTEA4, ELX, EA18), four samples with 25 seeds, in factorial design. Variables as germination/plant growth and GSR were evaluated with non-parametrical tests. Provenances were different: germination/plant growth was affected by all studied characters; meanwhile GSR, except environment. Both these characters are applied to evaluate plant vigour, important information to packages availability; or else, bigger will be GSR, higher will be seed growth speed, more environmentally adaptable will be the seed pack. Concerning dormancy, ELX, although laborious, was more consistent than other techniques, factor connected to provenances, due to variability of species distribution. Considering its wide range, physical dormancy break by sandpaper scarification was efficient. Thus, new studies are needed, in order to ensure robustness to the currently known recommendations. | Resumo: O setor de sementes nativas no Brasil é recente, necessita de organização, e a sua regulamentação é importante, ao garantir qualidade e origem dos recursos utilizados. De ampla distribuição, Enterolobiumschomburgkiifoi escolhida, a fim de evidenciar o uso de técnicas simples na avaliação da produção de sementes. Para os estudos de crescimento inicial (germinação e emergência), foram utilizados lotes de três procedências (Alta Floresta, Sinope Xingu-Araguaia), duas condições (controlado/Mangelsdorf/30 °C e canteiro/aberto/temperatura ambiente) e quatro quebras de dormência (CTEA18, CTEA4, ELX, EA18), com quatro repetições de 25 sementes, em delineamento fatorial. Variáveis como germinação/emergência e IVG foram estudadas, usando testes não paramétricos. Houve variação entre as procedências: a germinação/emergência é afetada por todos os caracteres avaliados; enquanto o IVG, exceto pelo ambiente. Estas duas variáveis normalmente são utilizadas para expressar o vigor do material, informação importante para a avaliação dos lotes; ou seja, quanto maior o IVG, maior a velocidade de germinação, mais adaptável ambientalmente será o lote. Com relação à dormência, ELX foi consistente com relação às outras metodologias, fator também conectado às próprias procedências, por questões de variabilidade da distribuição da espécie. Considerando a ampla distribuição, a superação física de dormência por meio da escarificação com lixa se mostrou eficiente. Porém, novos estudos são necessários, a fim de garantir robustez às recomendações atualmente conhecidas. | Resumen: El mercado de semillas nativas en Brasil es reciente, requiere organización y su gobernanza es importante para aprobar la calidad de los recursos y el origen de los recursos tomados. Se eligió Enterolobium schomburgkii, de amplia distribución, para señalarel uso de técnicas simples para evaluar la producción de semillas. Para la evaluación del crecimiento inicial (germinación y emergencia) se evaluaron paquetes de semillas de tres procedencias diferentes (Alta Floresta, Sinop y Xingu-Araguaia), en dos condiciones ambientales (controlada/Mangelsdorf/30 °C y semillero/área abierta/cuarto temperatura) y cuatro rupturas de latencia (CTEA18, CTEA4, ELX, EA18), cuatro muestras con 25 semillas, en diseño factorial. Variables como germinación/crecimiento de plantasy GSR fueron evaluadas con pruebas no paramétricas. Las procedencias fueron diferentes: la germinación/crecimiento de la planta se vio afectada por todos los caracteres estudiados; mientras tanto GSR, excepto medio ambiente. Ambos caracteres se aplican para evaluar el vigor de la planta, información importante para la disponibilidad de paquetes; o bien, mayor será el GSR, mayor será la velocidad de crecimiento de la semilla, más adaptable ambientalmente será el paquete de semillas. En cuanto a la latencia,ELX, aunque laborioso, fue más consistente que otras técnicas, factor relacionado con las procedencias, debido a la variabilidad en la distribución de las especies. Teniendo en cuenta su amplio rango, la ruptura de la latencia física por escarificación con papel de lija fue eficiente. Por lo tanto, se necesitan nuevos estudios para garantizar la solidez de las recomendaciones actualmente conocidas

Diets containing sea cucumber (Isostichopus badionotus) meals are hypocholesterolemic in young rats

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Native forest seeds as an income generator within the forest landscape restoration chain.

bitstream/item/223510/1/CPAF-AP-2021-Native-forest-seeds.pd

Safety of Levetiracetam in paediatrics: a systematic review

Objective To identify adverse events (AEs) associated with Levetiracetam (LEV) in children. Methods Databases EMBASE (1974-February 2015) and Medline (1946-February 2015) were searched for articles in which paediatric patients (≤18 years) received LEV treatment for epilepsy. All studies with reports on safety were included. Studies involving adults, mixed age population (i.e. children and adults) in which the paediatric subpopulation was not sufficiently described, were excluded. A meta-analysis of the RCTs was carried out and association between the commonly reported AEs or treatment discontinuation and the type of regimen (polytherapy or monotherapy) was determined using Chi2 analysis. Results Sixty seven articles involving 3,174 paediatric patients were identified. A total of 1,913 AEs were reported across studies. The most common AEs were behavioural problems and somnolence, which accounted for 10.9% and 8.4% of all AEs in prospective studies. 21 prospective studies involving 1120 children stated the number of children experiencing AEs. 47% of these children experienced AEs. Significantly more children experienced AEs with polytherapy (64%) than monotherapy (22%) (p<0.001). Levetiracetam was discontinued in 4.5% of all children on polytherapy and 0.9% on monotherapy (p<0.001), the majority were due to behavioural problems. Conclusion Behavioural problems and somnolence were the most prevalent adverse events to LEV and the most common causes of treatment discontinuation. Children on polytherapy have a greater risk of adverse events than those receiving monotherapy

Produção de serapilheira como bioindicador de recuperação em plantio adensado de revegetação

Litter deposition pattern was applied as bioindicator to compare sites at different successional stages with a dense restoration plantation. Litter traps (0.25 m2) were used and a production of 10.17 Mg ha-1 year-1 was obtained for secondary forest similar to a medium sector in the restoration area (8.98 Mg ha-1 year-1). Lower (5.85 Mg ha-1 year-1), upper (5.81 Mg ha-1 year -1), and bush (5.63 Mg ha-1 year-1) land production were similar to litter deposition values obtained from disturbed forests. Despite the need of more comparative parameters, litter deposition can be applied as restoration bioindicator

The Aguablanca Ni–(Cu) sulfide deposit, SW Spain: geologic and geochemical controls and the relationship with a midcrustal layered mafic complex

The Aguablanca Ni–(Cu) sulfide deposit is hosted by a breccia pipe within a gabbro–diorite pluton. The deposit probably formed due to the disruption of a partially crystallized layered mafic complex at about 12– 19 km depth and the subsequent emplacement of melts and breccias at shallow levels (<2 km). The ore-hosting breccias are interpreted as fragments of an ultramafic cumulate, which were transported to the near surface along with a molten sulfide melt. Phlogopite Ar–Ar ages are 341– 332 Ma in the breccia pipe, and 338–334 Ma in the layered mafic complex, and are similar to recently reported U–Pb ages of the host Aguablanca Stock and other nearby calcalkaline metaluminous intrusions (ca. 350–330 Ma). Ore deposition resulted from the combination of two critical factors, the emplacement of a layered mafic complex deep in the continental crust and the development of small dilational structures along transcrustal strike-slip faults that triggered the forceful intrusion of magmas to shallow levels. The emplacement of basaltic magmas in the lower middle crust was accompanied by major interaction with the host rocks, immiscibility of a sulfide melt, and the formation of a magma chamber with ultramafic cumulates and sulfide melt at the bottom and a vertically zoned mafic to intermediate magmas above. Dismembered bodies of mafic/ultramafic rocks thought to be parts of the complex crop out about 50 km southwest of the deposit in a tectonically uplifted block (Cortegana Igneous Complex, Aracena Massif). Reactivation of Variscan structures that merged at the depth of the mafic complex led to sequential extraction of melts, cumulates, and sulfide magma. Lithogeochemistry and Sr and Nd isotope data of the Aguablanca Stock reflect the mixing from two distinct reservoirs, i.e., an evolved siliciclastic middle-upper continental crust and a primitive tholeiitic melt. Crustal contamination in the deep magma chamber was so intense that orthopyroxene replaced olivine as the main mineral phase controlling the early fractional crystallization of the melt. Geochemical evidence includes enrichment in SiO2 and incompatible elements, and Sr and Nd isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sri 0.708–0.710; 143Nd/144Ndi 0.512–0.513). However, rocks of the Cortegana Igneous Complex have low initial 87Sr/86Sr and high initial 143Nd/144Nd values suggesting contamination by lower crustal rocks. Comparison of the geochemical and geological features of igneous rocks in the Aguablanca deposit and the Cortegana Igneous Complex indicates that, although probably part of the same magmatic system, they are rather different and the rocks of the Cortegana Igneous Complex were not the direct source of the Aguablanca deposit. Crust–magma interaction was a complex process, and the generation of orebodies was controlled by local but highly variable factors. The model for the formation of the Aguablanca deposit presented in this study implies that dense sulfide melts can effectively travel long distances through the continental crust and that dilational zones within compressional belts can effectively focus such melt transport into shallow environments

Short term effects of exercise training on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Advances in the understanding and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension have enabled earlier diagnosis and improved prognosis. However, despite best available therapy, symptoms of exertional dyspnoea and fatigue are commonly reported and result in a reduced capacity to perform daily activities and impaired quality of life. Exercise training has demonstrated efficacy in individuals with other respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Historically, however, exercise training has not been utilised as a form of therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension due to the perceived risk of sudden cardiac death and the theoretical possibility that exercise would lead to worsening pulmonary vascular haemodynamics and deterioration in right heart function. Now, with the advances in pharmaceutical management, determining the safety and benefits of exercise training in this population has become more relevant. Only three studies of supervised exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension have been published. These studies demonstrated improvements in exercise capacity and quality of life, in the absence of adverse events or clinical deterioration. However, these studies have not utilised an outpatient-based, whole body exercise training program, the most common format for exercise programs within Australia. It is uncertain whether this form of training is beneficial and capable of producing sustained benefits in exercise capacity and quality of life in this population.</p> <p>Design/Methods</p> <p>This randomised controlled trial will determine whether a 12 week, outpatient-based, supervised, whole body exercise training program, followed by a home-based exercise program, is safe and improves exercise capacity and quality of life in individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This study aims to recruit 34 subjects who will be randomly allocated to the exercise group (supervised exercise training 3 times a week for 12 weeks, followed by 3 sessions per week of home exercise for 12 weeks) or the control group (usual medical care). Subjects will be assessed at baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This study will determine whether outpatient-based, whole body exercise training is beneficial and safe in individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Additionally, this study will contribute to clinical practice guidelines for this patient population.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): <a href="http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12609000502235.aspx">ACTRN12609000502235</a></p

The regional and global significance of nitrogen removal in lakes and reservoirs

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Biogeochemistry 93 (2009): 143-157, doi:10.1007/s10533-008-9272-x.Human activities have greatly increased the transport of biologically available N through watersheds to potentially sensitive coastal ecosystems. Lentic water bodies (lakes and reservoirs) have the potential to act as important sinks for this reactive N as it is transported across the landscape because they offer ideal conditions for N burial in sediments or permanent loss via denitrification. However, the patterns and controls on lentic N removal have not been explored in great detail at large regional to global scales. In this paper we describe, evaluate, and apply a new, spatially explicit, annual-scale, global model of lentic N removal called NiRReLa (Nitrogen Retention in Reservoirs and Lakes). The NiRReLa model incorporates small lakes and reservoirs than have been included in previous global analyses, and also allows for separate treatment and analysis of reservoirs and natural lakes. Model runs for the mid-1990s indicate that lentic systems are indeed important sinks for N and are conservatively estimated to remove 19.7 Tg N yr-1 from watersheds globally. Small lakes (< 50 km2) were critical in the analysis, retaining almost half (9.3 Tg N yr-1) of the global total. In model runs, capacity of lakes and reservoirs to remove watershed N varied substantially (0-100%) both as a function of climate and the density of lentic systems. Although reservoirs occupy just 6% of the global lentic surface area, we estimate they retain approximately 33% of the total N removed by lentic systems, due to a combination of higher drainage ratios (catchment surface area : lake or reservoir surface area), higher apparent settling velocities for N, and greater N loading rates in reservoirs than in lakes. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of NiRReLa suggests that, on-average, N removal within lentic systems will respond more strongly to changes in land use and N loading than to changes in climate at the global scale.The NSF26 Research Coordination Network on denitrification for support for collaboration (award number DEB0443439 to S.P. Seitzinger and E.A. Davidson). This project was also supported by grants to J.A. Harrison from California Sea Grant (award number RSF8) and from the U.S. Geological Survey 104b program and R. Maranger (FQRNT Strategic Professor)