Recensiones [Revista de Historia Económica Año XI Invierno 1993 n. 1 pp. 209-243]

Editada en la Universidad Carlos IIILutgardo García Fuentes. Sevilla, los vascos y América. (Las exportaciones de hierro, manufacturas metálicas en los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII) (Por Rafael Uñarte Ayo).-- Enrique Tandeter. Coacción y mercado. La minería de la plata en el Potosí Colonial 1692-1826 (Por Zacarías Moutoukias).-- Manuel Miño Grijalva. Obrajes y tejedores en Hueva España (1700-1810) (Por Pedro Pérez Herrero).-- Luis Perdices Blas.Pablo de Olavide (1725-1803), el Ilustrado (Por Victoriano Martin Martín).-- Daniel Peribáñez Caveda. Comunicaciones y comercio marítimo en la Asturias preindustrial (1750-1850) (Por José Ramón García López).-- Vicent Llombart.Campomanes, economista y político de Carlos III (Por Luis Perdices Blas).-- M. Teresa Pérez Picazo.El mayorazgo en la historia económica de la región murciana, expansión, crisis y abolición (siglos XVIII-XIX) (Por Juan Antonio Carmona Pidal).-- Nelson Lourenço. Familia rural e industria. Mudanga social na regido de Leiria (Por Carmen Sarasúa García).-- Blanca Sánchez Alonso.La inmigración española en Argentina, siglos XIX y XX (Por José Moya).-- Gianni Toniolo.An Economic History qf Liberal Italy, 1859-1918 (Por Francesco L. Galassi).-- Albert Carreras. Estadísticas históricas de España. Siglos XIX-XX (Por Sebastian Coll Martín)Publicad

Sea surface emissivity observations at L-band: first results of the Wind and Salinity Experiment WISE 2000

Sea surface salinity can be measured by passive microwave remote sensing at L-band. In May 1999, the European Space Agency (ESA) selected the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission to provide global coverage of soil moisture and ocean salinity. To determine the effect of wind on the sea surface emissivity, ESA sponsored the Wind and Salinity Experiment (WISE 2000). This paper describes the field campaign, the measurements acquired with emphasis in the radiometric measurements at L-band, their comparison with numerical models, and the implications for the remote sensing of sea salinity.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Environmental sensitivity differs between rabbit lines selectedfor reproductive intensity and longevity

To better understand the mechanisms that allow some animals to sustain their productive effort in harsh environmental conditions, rabbit does from two selection lines (LP and V) were housed in normal (NC), nutritional (NF) or heat (HC) challenging environmental conditions from first to third partum. The LP line (n=85) was founded on reproductive longevity criteria by selecting does from commercial farms that had a minimum of 25 partum with more than 7.5 kits born alive per parity. Line V (n=79) was constituted from four specialised maternal lines into a composite synthetic line and then selected by litter size at weaning for 36 generations. Female rabbits in NC and NF environments were housed at normal room temperature (18 degrees C to 24 degrees C) and fed with control [11.6 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg dry matter (DM)] or low-energy diets (9.1 MJ DE/kg DM). HC does were housed at high room temperatures (25 degrees C to 35 degrees C) and fed the control diet. Female rabbits in the HC and NF environments ingested 11.5% and 6% less DE than NC does, respectively (P<0.05). These differences between environments occurred in both lines, with the differences being higher for LP than for V does (+6%; P<0.05). Milk yield responses followed those of energy intake also being higher for LP does (+21.3 g/day; P<0.05). The environmental conditions did not affect the perirenal fat thickness (PFT), but a genotype by environment interaction was observed. In NC and HC, the PFT was higher for line V (+0.23 and +0.35 mm, respectively; P<0.05) than for LP does, but this was not the case at NF (-0.01 mm). Moreover, the PFT evolution was different between them. In the NC environment, LP does used the accreted PFT in late lactation (-0.29 mm), whereas V does did not (-0.08 mm). Conversely, in the HC environment, LP does showed a flat PFT evolution in late lactation, whereas V does accumulated PFT. In the NF environment, LP and V does had a similar PFT evolution. There was also a litter size reduction for V does of -2.59 kits total born in HC and -1.78 kits total born in NF environments, whereas this was not observed for LP does. The results for LP does indicate a direct use of DE ingested for reproduction with little PFT change, whereas V does actively use the PFT reserves for reproduction.The authors thank Juan Carlos Moreno, Luis Rodenas and Eugenio Martinez-Paredes for their technical support and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Project AGL2011-30170-C02-01) for the budget to conduct this study.Savietto, D.; Cervera Fras, MC.; Blas Ferrer, E.; Baselga Izquierdo, M.; Larsen, T.; Friggens, NC.; Pascual Amorós, JJ. (2013). Environmental sensitivity differs between rabbit lines selectedfor reproductive intensity and longevity. animal. 7(12):1969-1977. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175173111300178XS19691977712Vicente, J. S., Llobat, L., Viudes-de-Castro, M. P., Lavara, R., Baselga, M., & Marco-Jiménez, F. (2012). Gestational losses in a rabbit line selected for growth rate. Theriogenology, 77(1), 81-88. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.019Theilgaard, P., Sánchez, J., Pascual, J., Berg, P., Friggens, N. C., & Baselga, M. (2007). Late reproductive senescence in a rabbit line hyper selected for reproductive longevity, and its association with body reserves. Genetics Selection Evolution, 39(2), 207. doi:10.1186/1297-9686-39-2-207Savietto, D., Blas, E., Cervera, C., Baselga, M., Friggens, N. C., Larsen, T., & Pascual, J. J. (2012). Digestive efficiency in rabbit does according to environment and genetic type. World Rabbit Science, 20(3). doi:10.4995/wrs.2012.1152Rosell, J. M., & de la Fuente, L. F. (2009). Culling and mortality in breeding rabbits. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 88(2), 120-127. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.08.003Sánchez, J. P., de la Fuente, L. F., & Rosell, J. M. (2012). Health and body condition of lactating females on rabbit farms1. Journal of Animal Science, 90(7), 2353-2361. doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4065Quevedo, F., Cervera, C., Blas, E., Baselga, M., Costa, C., & Pascual, J. J. (2005). Effect of selection for litter size and feeding programme on the performance of young rabbit females during rearing and first pregnancy. Animal Science, 80(2), 161-168. doi:10.1079/asc40850161Pascual, J. J., Motta, W., Cervera, C., Quevedo, F., Blas, E., & Fernández-Carmona, J. (2002). Effect of dietary energy source on the performance and perirenal fat thickness evolution of primiparous rabbit does. Animal Science, 75(2), 267-279. doi:10.1017/s1357729800053029Friggens, N. C., Brun-Lafleur, L., Faverdin, P., Sauvant, D., & Martin, O. (2011). Advances in predicting nutrient partitioning in the dairy cow: recognizing the central role of genotype and its expression through time. animal, 7(s1), 89-101. doi:10.1017/s1751731111001820Fernández-Carmona, J., Cervera, C., Sabater, C., & Blas, E. (1995). Effect of diet composition on the production of rabbit breeding does housed in a traditional building and at 30°C. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 52(3-4), 289-297. doi:10.1016/0377-8401(94)00715-lBlas, C. de, & Mateos, G. G. (s. f.). Feed formulation. Nutrition of the rabbit, 222-232. doi:10.1079/9781845936693.0222Brecchia, G., Bonanno, A., Galeati, G., Federici, C., Maranesi, M., Gobbetti, A., … Boiti, C. (2006). Hormonal and metabolic adaptation to fasting: Effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis and reproductive performance of rabbit does. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 31(2), 105-122. doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.09.006Sánchez, J. P., Theilgaard, P., Mínguez, C., & Baselga, M. (2008). Constitution and evaluation of a long-lived productive rabbit line1. Journal of Animal Science, 86(3), 515-525. doi:10.2527/jas.2007-0217Mehaisen, G., Vicente, J., & Lavara, R. (2004). In Vivo Embryo Recovery Rate by Laparoscopic Technique from Rabbit Does Selected for Growth Rate. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 39(5), 347-351. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00526.xHarano, Y., Ohtsuki, M., Ida, M., Kojima, H., Harada, M., Okanishi, T., … Shigeta, Y. (1985). Direct automated assay method for serum or urine levels of ketone bodies. Clinica Chimica Acta, 151(2), 177-183. doi:10.1016/0009-8981(85)90321-3Engblom, L., Lundeheim, N., Dalin, A.-M., & Andersson, K. (2007). Sow removal in Swedish commercial herds. Livestock Science, 106(1), 76-86. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2006.07.002Fernández-Carmona, J., Alqedra, I., Cervera, C., Moya, J., & Pascual, J. J. (2003). Effect of lucerne-based diets on performance of reproductive rabbit does at two temperatures. Animal Science, 76(2), 283-295. doi:10.1017/s1357729800053534Piles, M., Garreau, H., Rafel, O., Larzul, C., Ramon, J., & Ducrocq, V. (2006). Survival analysis in two lines of rabbits selected for reproductive traits1. Journal of Animal Science, 84(7), 1658-1665. doi:10.2527/jas.2005-678Theilgaard, P., Baselga, M., Blas, E., Friggens, N. C., Cervera, C., & Pascual, J. J. (2009). Differences in productive robustness in rabbits selected for reproductive longevity or litter size. animal, 3(5), 637-646. doi:10.1017/s1751731109003838Ferrian, S., Blas, E., Larsen, T., Sánchez, J. P., Friggens, N. C., Corpa, J. M., … Pascual, J. J. (2013). Comparison of immune response to lipopolysaccharide of rabbit does selected for litter size at weaning or founded for reproductive longevity. Research in Veterinary Science, 94(3), 518-525. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.01.008Xiccato, G., Bernardini, M., Castellini, C., Dalle Zotte, A., Queaque, P. I., & Trocino, A. (1999). Effect of postweaning feeding on the performance and energy balance of female rabbits at different physiological states. Journal of Animal Science, 77(2), 416. doi:10.2527/1999.772416xRagab, M., & Baselga, M. (2011). A comparison of reproductive traits of four maternal lines of rabbits selected for litter size at weaning and founded on different criteria. Livestock Science, 136(2-3), 201-206. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.09.009García-Diego, F.-J., Pascual, J. J., & Marco, F. (2011). Technical Note: Design of a large variable temperature chamber for heat stress studies in rabbits. World Rabbit Science, 19(4). doi:10.4995/wrs.2011.938Littell, R. C., Henry, P. R., & Ammerman, C. B. (1998). Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. Journal of Animal Science, 76(4), 1216. doi:10.2527/1998.7641216xCervera, C., & Carmona, J. F. (s. f.). Nutrition and the climatic environment. Nutrition of the rabbit, 267-284. doi:10.1079/9781845936693.0267Sanchez, J. P., Baselga, M., & Ducrocq, V. (2006). Genetic and environmental correlations between longevity and litter size in rabbits. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 123(3), 180-185. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2006.00590.xQuevedo, F., Cervera, C., Blas, E., Baselga, M., & Pascual, J. J. (2006). Long-term effect of selection for litter size and feeding programme on the performance of reproductive rabbit does 1. Pregnancy of multiparous does. Animal Science, 82(5), 739-750. doi:10.1079/asc200687Estany, J., Baselga, M., Blasco, A., & Camacho, J. (1989). Mixed model methodology for the estimation of genetic response to selection in litter size of rabbits. Livestock Production Science, 21(1), 67-75. doi:10.1016/0301-6226(89)90021-3Estany, J., Camacho, J., Baselga, M., & Blasco, A. (1992). Selection response of growth rate in rabbits for meat production. Genetics Selection Evolution, 24(6), 527. doi:10.1186/1297-9686-24-6-52

Systemic pro-inflammatory response identifies patients with cancer with adverse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection: the OnCovid Inflammatory Score

Background: Patients with cancer are particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The systemic inflammatory response is a pathogenic mechanism shared by cancer progression and COVID-19. We investigated systemic inflammation as a driver of severity and mortality from COVID-19, evaluating the prognostic role of commonly used inflammatory indices in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with cancer accrued to the OnCovid study. Methods: In a multicenter cohort of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with cancer in Europe, we evaluated dynamic changes in neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR); platelet:lymphocyte ratio (PLR); Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), renamed the OnCovid Inflammatory Score (OIS); modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS); and Prognostic Index (PI) in relation to oncological and COVID-19 infection features, testing their prognostic potential in independent training (n=529) and validation (n=542) sets. Results: We evaluated 1071 eligible patients, of which 625 (58.3%) were men, and 420 were patients with malignancy in advanced stage (39.2%), most commonly genitourinary (n=216, 20.2%). 844 (78.8%) had ≥1 comorbidity and 754 (70.4%) had ≥1 COVID-19 complication. NLR, OIS, and mGPS worsened at COVID-19 diagnosis compared with pre-COVID-19 measurement (p<0.01), recovering in survivors to pre-COVID-19 levels. Patients in poorer risk categories for each index except the PLR exhibited higher mortality rates (p<0.001) and shorter median overall survival in the training and validation sets (p<0.01). Multivariable analyses revealed the OIS to be most independently predictive of survival (validation set HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.47 to 4.20, p=0.001; adjusted concordance index score 0.611). Conclusions: Systemic inflammation is a validated prognostic domain in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with cancer and can be used as a bedside predictor of adverse outcome. Lymphocytopenia and hypoalbuminemia as computed by the OIS are independently predictive of severe COVID-19, supporting their use for risk stratification. Reversal of the COVID-19-induced proinflammatory state is a putative therapeutic strategy in patients with cancer

Theoretical evidence for the reaction O2(ν) + O2(ν = 0) → O3(X1A1) + O(3P)

The reaction O2(ν) + O2(ν = 0) → O3(X1A1) + O(3P) is studied by quantum time-dependent and time-independent methods, for high vibrational excitation of one of the reactants. State-selected reaction rate constants are computed showing evidence of reaction but their values are too small to explain previous experimental measurements. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.This work has been partially supported by the Direcci6n General de Investigaci6n Cientifica y Trcnica, Ministerio de Educaci6n y Ciencia (Spain) grant number PB95-0071 and CONACYT (Mrxico) grant number 3111P-E9607. RH and JC-M wish to thank CSIC (Spain) and CONACYT (Mrxico) for the financial support (grant E130.2128) that made possible this collaboration.Peer Reviewe

Modeling historical subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal in the Alto Guadalentín aquifer-system (Spain)

The Alto Guadalentín Basin (Spain) is widely recognized as an area of major anthropogenic land subsidence due to groundwater extraction. This paper presents a numerical methodology to quantify the severe subsidence of this basin over history. First, a 3D groundwater model is proposed to reproduce groundwater evolution in the regional Alto Guadalentín aquifer system since 1960, leading to an average piezometric level drop of 150 m. Secondly, a generalized plasticity state parameter-based model is calibrated to reproduce the mechanical behavior, observed in oedometer laboratory tests, of compressible materials extracted from a 300-m drilled borehole located in the area of maximum subsidence. The strength of this constitutive model is that a single set of material parameters can be used to reproduce the mechanical behavior of material located at different depths, hence having different confining pressures and void ratio states. Afterwards, subsidence is assessed through a partially saturated 1D vertical finite element model, solving Biot equations that reproduce the slow vertical drainage and vertical consolidation processes, taking into account the calibrated constitutive model and prescribing the previously computed groundwater evolution of the aquifer. Finally, the subsidence model is adjusted with different displacement data available from 1992: datasets acquired by ERS, ENVISAT, Cosmo-SkyMed satellites and the global positioning system GNSS. The proposed calibrated subsidence model reproduces the 3.1 m subsidence monitored in the period 1992–2018, and quantifies historical subsidence (since 1960) in the Alto Guadalentín Basin area at around 5.8 m. Moreover, the model predicts subsidence of up to 7.3 m by 2100 for an assumed constant hydraulic head from 2012 onward.Fil: Fernández Merodo, José Antonio. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; España. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; EspañaFil: Ezquerro, Pablo. Universidad Politecnica de Catalunya. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos; España. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; EspañaFil: Manzanal, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingenieria "Hilario Fernandez Long". Grupo Vinculado al Intecin - Grupo Interdisciplinario en Materiales; Argentina. Universidad Politecnica de Catalunya. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos; EspañaFil: Béjar Pizarro, Marta. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; EspañaFil: Mateos, Rosa María. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; EspañaFil: Guardiola Albert, C.. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; EspañaFil: García Davalillo, Juan Carlos. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; EspañaFil: López Vinielles, Juan. Universidad Politecnica de Catalunya. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos; España. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; España. Hemav Sl; EspañaFil: Sarro, Roberto. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; EspañaFil: Brú, Guadalupe. Instituto de Geociencias; EspañaFil: Mulas, Joaquioón. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; EspañaFil: Aragón, Ramón. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; EspañaFil: Reyes Carmona, Cristina. Universidad de Granada; España. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; EspañaFil: Mira, Pablo. Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas; EspañaFil: Pastor, Manuel. Universidad Politecnica de Catalunya. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos; EspañaFil: Herrera, Gerardo. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España; España. EuroGeoSurveys: Earth Observation and Geohazards Expert Group; Bélgic

A short study of the anisotropic resistance in carbon fibre composites

Appendix added September 1978Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:2265.63F(BR--100258) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

L-Band sea surface emissivity: preliminary results of the WISE-2000 campaign and its application to salinity retrieval in the SMOS mission

Soil moisture and ocean salinity at surface level can be measured by passive microwave remote sensing at L-band. To provide global coverage data of soil moisture and ocean salinity with three-day revisit time, the Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) was selected by ESA (European Space Agency) in May 1999. SMOS' single payload is a Y-shaped 2-D aperture synthesis interferometric radiometer called MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis). SMOS presents some particular imaging peculiarities: variation of incidence and azimuth angles, different radiometric sensitivity and accuracy at each direction (pixels), and geometric polarization mixing. Therefore, the accuracy of the geophysical parameter retrieval depends on the knowledge of the angular dependence of the emissivity over a wide range of incidence and azimuth angles. The accuracy of the sea surface salinity retrievals depends on our capability to correct the wind-induced variation of the brightness temperatures. To better understand wind effects, ESA sponsored the WInd and Salinity Experiment 2000 (WISE-2000) from November 15, 2000, to January 16, 2001, in the Casablanca oil rig, at 40 km off the coast of Tarragona (Spain). This paper is divided into two parts. First, it presents the derived sensitivities of the brightness temperatures at vertical and horizontal polarizations with wind speed, and compares to Hollinger's measurements and numerical simulations. Second, these results are applied to the SMOS sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieval problem for different tracks within the swath. It is shown that, except for low SSS and sea surface temperature (SST), the retrieved SSS has a RMS error of approximately 1 psu in one satellite pass.Peer Reviewe