Incidencia de la psicomotricidad global en el desarrollo integral del ni?o en el nivel preescolar

115 P?ginasEl presente trabajo de investigaci?n se desarrolla dentro del enfoque cualitativo, lo que permite un acercamiento a la realidad para entenderla, encontrar problem?ticas que afectan a la comunidad y plantear posibles soluciones. La investigaci?n es de car?cter descriptivo, en esta se utilizaron diferentes t?cnicas e instrumentos que conllevan a la identificaci?n de las necesidades de la poblaci?n objeto de estudio; permitiendo una mejor claridad frente al proceso. El objetivo central de este proyecto fue desarrollar estrategias que fortalezcan los procesos psicomotrices en los ni?os y ni?as del grado preescolar de la Instituci?n Educativa Fe y Alegr?a ubicada en el municipio de Ibagu?. Este fortalecimiento psicomotriz se hizo a trav?s del uso de actividades te?rico pr?cticas recreativas que permiten evidenciar la importancia de estos procesos, donde se favorece el conocimiento, dominio y utilizaci?n del cuerpo respecto a la propia persona y al entorno. Como producto enriquecedor se elabora un proyecto de aula llamado ?Reconozcamos nuestro cuerpo? que busca satisfacer las necesidades identificadas mediante juegos motores reglados, dramatizaci?n, actividades de expresi?n, ejercicios corporales, gimnasia mental, plegado, dactilopintura, moldeado, y actividades l?dicas que articulen mente y cuerpo de los ni?os. En el dise?o de la propuesta pedag?gica se plantea un manual de estrategias de activaci?n a la destreza motriz aplicable al proceso de ense?anza y de aprendizaje a fin de afianzar continuamente el desarrollo de t?cnicas para una adecuada motricidad, coordinaci?n y firmeza motriz en los ni?os mejorando la calidad de los procesos formativos en el aula.ABSTRACT. This research is developed within the qualitative approach, allowing an approach to reality to understand, find problems affecting the community and propose possible solutions. The research is descriptive, different techniques and tools that lead to the identification of the needs of the population under study were used. The main objective of this project was to develop strategies to strengthen the psychomotor processes in children of preschool grade of School Fe y Alegr?a located in the town of Ibague. This psychomotor building was done through the use of recreational activities theoretical practices that reveal the importance of these processes, where knowledge, mastery and use of body to the person themselves and the environment are favored. Product enriching classroom project called "Let's recognize our body" that seeks to meet the needs identified by regulated motor games, drama, expressive activities, physical exercises, mental gymnastics, bending, finger paint, molding, and recreational activities that articulate mind is made and bodies of children. In designing the pedagogical approach manual activation strategies to motor skills applicable to the process of teaching and learning in order to continuously strengthen the development of techniques for proper motor, motor coordination and strength in children poses improving quality of educational processes in the classroom.ADVERTENCIA. El Instituto de Educaci?n a Distancia-IDEAD de la Universidad del Tolima, el director del trabajo y el jurado calificador, no son responsables de los conceptos ni de las ideas expuestas por el autor del presente trabajo. (Art?culo 16, Acuerdo 032 de 1976 y Art?culo 29, acuerdo 064 de 1991, Consejo Acad?mico de la Universidad del Tolima).Las autoras Laura Magnolia Ardila Beltr?n identificada con C?dula de Ciudadan?a No. 1110.468.882 de Ibagu?, Indira Yahaira C?ceres Vanegas con C?dula de Ciudadan?a No. 1110.496.959 de Ibagu? y Yury Maried Mart?nez Perdomo con C?dula No. 107.5210.608 de Neiva, autorizan a la Universidad del Tolima la reproducci?n total o parcial de este documento con la debida cita de reconocimiento de la autor?a y cede a la misma los derechos patrimoniales con fines de investigaci?n, docencia e institucionales consagrados en el Art?culo 72 de la Ley 23 de 1982 y las normas que la constituyen o modifiquen. (Acuerdo No.0066 de 2003 del Consejo de la Universidad del Tolima).INTRODUCCION 18 1 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 21 1.1 DESCRIPCI?N DEL PROBLEMA 21 1.2 FORMULACI?N DEL PROBLEMA 22 2 OBJETIVOS 23 2.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 23 2.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 23 3 JUSTIFICACI?N 24 4 MARCO REFERENCIAL 27 4.1 ANTECEDENTES 27 4.2 MARCO TEORICO 31 4.2.1 Evoluci?n hist?rica de la psicomotricidad 31 4.2.2 Situaci?n actual y concepto de la psicomotricidad 35 4.2.3 Psicomotricidad y educaci?n 37 4.3 MARCO CONTEXTUAL 41 4.3.1 Familia 42 4.3.2 Docente 47 4.3.3 Ni?os 51 4.4 MARCO LEGAL 53 4.4.1 A nivel internacional 54 4.4.2 A nivel nacional 56 4.4.3 A nivel local 61 4.4.4 A nivel institucional 63 5 METODOLOGIA 67 5.1 ESTRUCTURA METODOL?GICA 65 5.1.1 Descripci?n Fase 1 70 5.1.2 Descripci?n Fase 2 74 5.2 AN?LISIS DE RESULTADOS 77 5.2.2 Confiabilidad 77 5.3 EVALUACI?N Y SEGUIMIENTO 78 5.3.1 Fase 1: Caracterizaci?n de las pr?cticas que se ejercen y de los discursos que circulan sobre la educaci?n de los ni?os y ni?as menores de siete a?os 78 5.3.2 Fase 2: Los sentidos Pedag?gicos de los proyectos de intervenci?n 81 6 PROYECTO DE INTERVENCION 85 6.1 ESQUEMA GENERAL 85 6.2 ACTIVIDADES INTEGRADORAS DEL PROYECTO DE INTERVENCION 87 6.2.1 Actividades integradoras para directivos y docentes 87 6.2.2 Actividades integradoras para padres de familia 89 6.2.3 Actividades integradoras para ni?os 90 6.3 EXPERIENCIA PEDAGOGICA 92 7 CONCLUSIONES 95 8 RECOMENDACIONES 96 REFERENCIAS 98 ANEXOS 10

K0-Sigma+ Photoproduction with SAPHIR

Preliminary results of the analysis of the reaction p(gamma,K0)Sigma+ are presented. We show the first measurement of the differential cross section and much improved data for the total cross section than previous data. The data are compared with model predictions from different isobar and quark models that give a good description of p(gamma,K+)Lambda and p(gamma,K+)Sigma0 data in the same energy range. Results of ChPT describe the data adequately at threshold while isobar models that include hadronic form factors reproduce the data at intermediate energies.Comment: 4 pages, Latex2e, 4 postscript figures. Talk given at the International Conference on Hypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics (HYP97), Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, October 13-18, 1997. To be published in Nucl. Phys. A. Revised version due to changes in experimental dat

Form factors and photoproduction amplitudes

We examine the use of phenomenological form factors in tree level amplitudes for meson photoproduction. Two common recipes are shown to be fundamentally incorrect. An alternate form consistent with gauge invariance and crossing symmetry is proposed.Comment: To be published in PR

Quantum dynamics of a model for two Josephson-coupled Bose--Einstein condensates

In this work we investigate the quantum dynamics of a model for two single-mode Bose--Einstein condensates which are coupled via Josephson tunneling. Using direct numerical diagonalisation of the Hamiltonian, we compute the time evolution of the expectation value for the relative particle number across a wide range of couplings. Our analysis shows that the system exhibits rich and complex behaviours varying between harmonic and non-harmonic oscillations, particularly around the threshold coupling between the delocalised and self-trapping phases. We show that these behaviours are dependent on both the initial state of the system as well as regime of the coupling. In addition, a study of the dynamics for the variance of the relative particle number expectation and the entanglement for different initial states is presented in detail.Comment: 15 pages, 8 eps figures, accepted in J. Phys.

Systemic Effects Induced by Hyperoxia in a Preclinical Model of Intra-abdominal Sepsis

Supplemental oxygen is a supportive treatment in patients with sepsis to balance tissue oxygen delivery and demand in the tissues. However, hyperoxia may induce some pathological effects. We sought to assess organ damage associated with hyperoxia and its correlation with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a preclinical model of intra-abdominal sepsis. For this purpose, sepsis was induced in male, Sprague-Dawley rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We randomly assigned experimental animals to three groups: control (healthy animals), septic (CLP), and sham-septic (surgical intervention without CLP). At 18 h after CLP, septic (n = 39), sham-septic (n = 16), and healthy (n = 24) animals were placed within a sealed Plexiglas cage and randomly distributed into four groups for continuous treatment with 21%, 40%, 60%, or 100% oxygen for 24 h. At the end of the experimental period, we evaluated serum levels of cytokines, organ damage biomarkers, histological examination of brain and lung tissue, and ROS production in each surviving animal. We found that high oxygen concentrations increased IL-6 and biomarkers of organ damage levels in septic animals, although no relevant histopathological lung or brain damage was observed. Healthy rats had an increase in IL-6 and aspartate aminotransferase at high oxygen concentration. IL-6 levels, but not ROS levels, are correlated with markers of organ damage. In our study, the use of high oxygen concentrations in a clinically relevant model of intra-abdominal sepsis was associated with enhanced inflammation and organ damage. These findings were unrelated to ROS release into circulation. Hyperoxia could exacerbate sepsis-induced inflammation, and it could be by itself detrimental. Our study highlights the need of developing safer thresholds for oxygen therapy

How to Educate Entrepreneurs?

Entrepreneurship education has two purposes: To improve students’ entrepreneurial skills and to provide impetus to those suited to entrepreneurship while discouraging the rest. While entrepreneurship education helps students to make a vocational decision its effects may conflict for those not suited to entrepreneurship. This study shows that vocational and the skill formation effects of entrepreneurship education can be identified empirically by drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior. This is embedded in a structural equation model which we estimate and test using a robust 2SLS estimator. We find that the attitudinal factors posited by the Theory of Planned Behavior are positively correlated with students’ entrepreneurial intentions. While conflicting effects of vocational and skill directed course content are observed in some individuals, overall these types of content are complements. This finding contradicts previous results in the literature. We reconcile the conflicting findings and discuss implications for the design of entrepreneurship courses

Debugging of Web Applications with Web-TLR

Web-TLR is a Web verification engine that is based on the well-established Rewriting Logic--Maude/LTLR tandem for Web system specification and model-checking. In Web-TLR, Web applications are expressed as rewrite theories that can be formally verified by using the Maude built-in LTLR model-checker. Whenever a property is refuted, a counterexample trace is delivered that reveals an undesired, erroneous navigation sequence. Unfortunately, the analysis (or even the simple inspection) of such counterexamples may be unfeasible because of the size and complexity of the traces under examination. In this paper, we endow Web-TLR with a new Web debugging facility that supports the efficient manipulation of counterexample traces. This facility is based on a backward trace-slicing technique for rewriting logic theories that allows the pieces of information that we are interested to be traced back through inverse rewrite sequences. The slicing process drastically simplifies the computation trace by dropping useless data that do not influence the final result. By using this facility, the Web engineer can focus on the relevant fragments of the failing application, which greatly reduces the manual debugging effort and also decreases the number of iterative verifications.Comment: In Proceedings WWV 2011, arXiv:1108.208

Molecular identification of isolates of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex

Background: The Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex is the second most common causal agent of dermatophytosis. It comprises five species-T. mentagrophytes, T. interdigitale, T. erinacei, T quinckeanum, and T. benhamie, as well as nine different genotypes of T. mentagrophytes / T. interdigitale-which are morphologically similar; however, their susceptibility to antifungal agents may differ. For targeted therapy and better prognosis, it is important to identify these species at a molecular level. However, since many hospitals lack molecular methods, the actual aetiology of dermatophytosis caused by this complex remains unknown. Objective: To characterize 55 anthropophilic isolates of the T. mentagrophytes complex recovered from a dermatological centre in Yucatan, Mexico. Material and methods: Fifty-five isolates of the T. mentagrophytes complex were obtained from patients with tinea capitis, tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea barbae, and tinea unguium. They were characterized by their colonial and microscopic morphology on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and through the sequencing of a fragment from the region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2. Results: All colonies grown on SDA were white. Forty-six isolates formed colonies with a powdery texture, while nine isolates formed colonies with a velvety texture. The micromorphological features were typical of the T. mentagrophytes complex. The molecular analysis revealed that 55 isolates were microorganisms that belonged to the T. mentagrophytes complex, that 46 formed powdery colonies representing T. mentagrophytes, and that the other nine isolates that formed velvety colonies represented T. interdigitale. The latter nine isolates were obtained from patients with tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and tinea unguium. Conclusions: The colony morphology on SDA led to the identification of 46 isolates as T. mentagrophytes and nine isolates as T. interdigitale. At a molecular level, the species identified by their morphology were identified only as T. mentagrophytes complex

Universal restrictions to the conversion of heat into work derived from the analysis of the Nernst theorem as a uniform limit

We revisit the relationship between the Nernst theorem and the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law. We propose that the exchange of entropy uniformly vanishes as the temperature goes to zero. The analysis of this assumption shows that is equivalent to the fact that the compensation of a Carnot engine scales with the absorbed heat so that the Nernst theorem should be embedded in the statement of the second law. ----- Se analiza la relaci{\'o}n entre el teorema de Nernst y el enunciado de Kelvin-Planck del segundo principio de la termodin{\'a}mica. Se{\~n}alamos el hecho de que el cambio de entrop{\'\i}a tiende uniformemente a cero cuando la temperatura tiende a cero. El an{\'a}lisis de esta hip{\'o}tesis muestra que es equivalente al hecho de que la compensaci{\'o}n de una m{\'a}quina de Carnot escala con el calor absorbido del foco caliente, de forma que el teorema de Nernst puede derivarse del enunciado del segundo principio.Comment: 8pp, 4 ff. Original in english. Also available translation into spanish. Twocolumn format. RevTe

Probing highly obscured, self-absorbed galaxy nuclei with vibrationally excited HCN

We present high resolution (0."4) IRAM PdBI and ALMA mm and submm observations of the (ultra) luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs) IRAS17208-0014, Arp220, IC860 and Zw049.057 that reveal intense line emission from vibrationally excited ($\nu_2$=1) J=3-2 and 4-3 HCN. The emission is emerging from buried, compact (r<17-70 pc) nuclei that have very high implied mid-infrared surface brightness $>$$5\times 10^{13}$ L$_{\odot}$ kpc$^{-2}$. These nuclei are likely powered by accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and/or hot (>200 K) extreme starbursts. Vibrational, $\nu_2$=1, lines of HCN are excited by intense 14 micron mid-infrared emission and are excellent probes of the dynamics, masses, and physical conditions of (U)LIRG nuclei when H$_2$ column densities exceed $10^{24}$ cm$^{-2}$. It is clear that these lines open up a new interesting avenue to gain access to the most obscured AGNs and starbursts. Vibrationally excited HCN acts as a proxy for the absorbed mid-infrared emission from the embedded nuclei, which allows for reconstruction of the intrinsic, hotter dust SED. In contrast, we show strong evidence that the ground vibrational state ($\nu$=0), J=3-2 and 4-3 rotational lines of HCN and HCO$^+$ fail to probe the highly enshrouded, compact nuclear regions owing to strong self- and continuum absorption. The HCN and HCO$^+$ line profiles are double-peaked because of the absorption and show evidence of non-circular motions - possibly in the form of in- or outflows. Detections of vibrationally excited HCN in external galaxies are so far limited to ULIRGs and early-type spiral LIRGs, and we discuss possible causes for this. We tentatively suggest that the peak of vibrationally excited HCN emission is connected to a rapid stage of nuclear growth, before the phase of strong feedback.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic