Multivariate predictive models for the prediction of fatty acids in the EU high added-value "acorn Iberian pig ham" using a miniature near-infrared spectroscopy instrument.

Acorn Iberian ham (Jamón Ibérico de Bellota) is one of the most expensive luxury foodstuffs produced in Europe, with a highly appreciated smell and flavour. Its recognized high-sensorial quality and health properties are mainly due to the traditional outdoor feeding system (Montanera) of Iberian pigs (IP), which provides high standards of animal welfare. Nowadays, one of the frauds affecting this product is the use of “special compound feeds” to simulate the fat composition of the acorns through the inclusion of sources of oleic acid like the ones found in pigs fed outdoors. The high prices paid for a cured leg of Iberian ham –ranging from hundreds to thousands of euros- leads to many opportunities for mislabelling and fraud. Fatty acid content of the adipose tissue could provide evidence of the feeding system. Gas chromatography (GC) is used at industry level for production control purposes. However, it is costly and time-consuming, and it is only applied to batches of animals rather than individual pigs. The main goal of this study was to use spectra belonging to a portable NIRS instrument (MicroNIR Onsite Lite, Viavi Solutions Inc.) for on–site quantitative (fatty acid content) analysis of individual Iberian pork carcasses at the slaughterhouse. Performance of this portable instrument was compared with an at-line NIRS monochromator. PLS models were built and optimized resulting in standard errors of cross validation ranging from 0.83 to 0.84 for palmitic acid, 0.94 to 0.99 for stearic acid, 1.47 to 1.56 for oleic acid and 0.53 to 0.58 for linoleic acid

Efectes de l'hàbit tabàquic sobre la termoregulació durant l'activitat física

El fumar cigarretes, a un ritme habitual i sense evitar el seu consum les hores prèvies a l’activitat física, pot comprometre de forma significativa els mecanismes termoreguladors de pèrdua de calor i provocar una resposta hemodinàmica anormal durant l’exercici. L’associació de tabac i activitat física d’alta intensitat pot fer augmentar la temperatura central al pertorbar els mecanismes de pèrdua de calor mitjançant la redistribució del flux vascular cutani. A més, durant exercicis perllongats com els exercicis de resistència, i en ambients alorosos, el consum de cigarretes pot actuar com a factor limitant en el rendiment esportiu, i incrementar el risc d’hipertèrmia

Efectes de l'abstinència tabàquica sobre la termoregulació durant l'activitat física

La situació de fumador actiu 1 hora abans de la pràctica d’activitat física pot alterar la resposta termoreguladora, comprometen de forma significativa els mecanismes vasodilatadors cutànis de pèrdua de calor i provocar una resposta hemodinàmica anormal durant l’exercici. L’efecte additiu de la nicotina i de l’activitat física d’alta intensitat pot fer augmentar la temperatura central al pertorbar els mecanismes de pèrdua de calor mitjançant la redistribució del flux vascular cutani. A més, durant exercicis perllongats com els exercicis de resistència, i en ambients calorosos, el consum actiu de cigarretes podria actuar com a factor limitant en el rendiment esportiu, i poder incrementar el risc d’induir hipertèrmia

Prevalence of fibropapillomatosis on stranded sea turtles in the Venezuelan coast

The Venezuelan coast supports a variety of critical habitats for foraging, development and reproduction to five species of sea turtles. The aim of this paper is to inform about the presence of fibropapillomatosis in some of the sea turtle populations in the Venezuelan waters, and to record the presence of this pathology in the species Eretmochelys imbricata in the country. Between 1999 and 2014, 391 records of sea turtles stranding/sightings were recorded alongside the coast of Venezuela, from which, 20 cases of animals presented external tumors on their soft tissues, likely to fibropapillomatosis. This pathology was confirmed due to the presence of fibroepithelial lesions (papilloma tumors), and it was registered in two species: Chelonia mydas (n=19) and Eretmochelys imbricata (n=1). The region with the largest number of turtles with fibropapillomas was Zulia state with 45 % (n=9), then Sucre state (35 %, n= 7), Vargas state (10 %, n= 2), and one report (5 %) in Falcon state, and one in the “Archipielago de Los Roques” National Park (Miranda Insular Territory). More than half of the animals (n=11), ten individuals of C. mydas and the only one of E. imbricata, were found alive and they were released. Finally, we recommended increasing the training and active participation of veterinarians within the conservation programs of these species in the country

Miniature near infrared spectroscopy spectrometer and information and communication technologies to guarantee the integrity of the EU high added-value "acorn Iberian pig ham" (IP)

This research is framed within FoodIntegrity, EU sponsored project(7th FP). The main goal of the research to be done is to provide industrials, producers and consumers with a methodology based in low-cost, portable and miniature NIRS sensors and information and communication technologies for process control and voluntary labelling, to guarantee the integrity of the EU high added-value as the “acorn Iberian pig ham”. The present study is focussed in transferring a database (470 samples) of IP tissue - analysed in a FOSS-NIRSystems 6500 (FNS6500) spectrometer, during the seasons 2009-2011 - to a portable/miniature instrument MicroNIR-Onsite, VIAVI (MN1700). A set of 30 samples of adipose tissue was taken from a slaughterhouse during 2015-2016, being analysed in parallel in the satellite (FNS 6500) and master (MN 1700) instruments. Latter on, they were divided in two sets: N = 10 for building the standardization matrices and N = 20 for the validation of the cloning procedure. The algorithm Piece-Wise Direct Standardization (PDS) was applied. The best standardisation matrix was applied to the library of 470 samples taken in the FNS 6500, enabling an excellent fitting between both instruments, as shown the RMSCs statistic calculated in the satellite before and after the standardization and in the master - 108457 vs 22519 vs 17646 μlog 1/R – and the GH distance before and after standardisation between both instruments 437.41 vs 2.06

Observation of Z production in proton-lead collisions at LHCb

The first observation of Z boson production in proton-lead collisions at a centreof-mass energy per proton-nucleon pair of √ sNN = 5 TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.6 nb−1 collected with the LHCb detector. The Z candidates are reconstructed from pairs of oppositely charged muons with pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5 and transverse momenta above 20 GeV/c. The invariant dimuon mass is restricted to the range 60 − 120 GeV/c2 . The Z production cross-section is measured to be σZ→µ+µ− (fwd) = 13.5 +5.4 −4.0 (stat.) ± 1.2(syst.) nb in the direction of the proton beam and σZ→µ+µ− (bwd) = 10.7 +8.4 −5.1 (stat.) ± 1.0(syst.) nb in the direction of the lead beam, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic

Methods for interpreting lists of affected genes obstained in a DNA microarray experiment

Background - The aim of this paper was to describe and compare the methods used and the results obtained by the participants in a joint EADGENE (European Animal Disease Genomic Network of Excellence) and SABRE (Cutting Edge Genomics for Sustainable Animal Breeding) workshop focusing on post analysis of microarray data. The participating groups were provided with identical lists of microarray probes, including test statistics for three different contrasts, and the normalised log-ratios for each array, to be used as the starting point for interpreting the affected probes. The data originated from a microarray experiment conducted to study the host reactions in broilers occurring shortly after a secondary challenge with either a homologous or heterologous species of Eimeria. Results - Several conceptually different analytical approaches, using both commercial and public available software, were applied by the participating groups. The following tools were used: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, MAPPFinder, LIMMA, GOstats, GOEAST, GOTM, Globaltest, TopGO, ArrayUnlock, Pathway Studio, GIST and AnnotationDbi. The main focus of the approaches was to utilise the relation between probes/genes and their gene ontology and pathways to interpret the affected probes/genes. The lack of a well-annotated chicken genome did though limit the possibilities to fully explore the tools. The main results from these analyses showed that the biological interpretation is highly dependent on the statistical method used but that some common biological conclusions could be reached. Conclusion - It is highly recommended to test different analytical methods on the same data set and compare the results to obtain a reliable biological interpretation of the affected genes in a DNA microarray experimen

Regional Genetic Structure in the Aquatic Macrophyte Ruppia cirrhosa Suggests Dispersal by Waterbirds

The evolutionary history of the genus Ruppia has been shaped by hybridization, polyploidisation and vicariance that have resulted in a problematic taxonomy. Recent studies provided insight into species circumscription, organelle takeover by hybridization, and revealed the importance of verifying species identification to avoid distorting effects of mixing different species, when estimating population connectivity. In the present study, we use microsatellite markers to determine population diversity and connectivity patterns in Ruppia cirrhosa including two spatial scales: (1) from the Atlantic Iberian coastline in Portugal to the Siculo-Tunisian Strait in Sicily and (2) within the Iberian Peninsula comprising the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition. The higher diversity in the Mediterranean Sea suggests that populations have had longer persistence there, suggesting a possible origin and/or refugial area for the species. The high genotypic diversities highlight the importance of sexual reproduction for survival and maintenance of populations. Results revealed a regional population structure matching a continent-island model, with strong genetic isolation and low gene flow between populations. This population structure could be maintained by waterbirds, acting as occasional dispersal vectors. This information elucidates ecological strategies of brackish plant species in coastal lagoons, suggesting mechanisms used by this species to colonize new isolated habitats and dominate brackish aquatic macrophyte systems, yet maintaining strong genetic structure suggestive of very low dispersal.Fundacao para a Cincia e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) [PTDC/MAR/119363/2010, BIODIVERSA/0004/2015, UID/Multi/04326/2013]Pew FoundationSENECA FoundationMurcia Government, Spain [11881/PI/09]FCT Investigator Programme-Career Development [IF/00998/2014]Spanish Ministry of Education [AP2008-01209]European Community [00399/2012]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Current and novel therapeutic opportunities for systemic therapy in biliary cancer

none24Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a group of rare and aggressive malignancies that arise in the biliary tree within and outside the liver. Beyond surgical resection, which is beneficial for only a small proportion of patients, current strategies for treating patients with BTCs include chemotherapy, as a single agent or combination regimens, in the adjuvant and palliative setting. Increased characterisation of the molecular landscape of these tumours has facilitated the identification of molecular vulnerabilities, such as IDH mutations and FGFR fusions, that can be exploited for the treatment of BTC patients. Beyond targeted therapies, active research avenues explore the development of novel therapeutics that target the crosstalk between cancer and stroma, the cellular pathways involved in the regulation of cell death, the chemoresistance phenotype and the dysregulation of RNA. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic opportunities currently available in the management of BTC patients, and explore the strategies that can support the implementation of precision oncology in BTCs, including novel molecular targets, liquid biopsies and patient-derived predictive tools.openMarin J.J.G.; Prete M.G.; Lamarca A.; Tavolari S.; Landa-Magdalena A.; Brandi G.; Segatto O.; Vogel A.; Macias R.I.R.; Rodrigues P.M.; Casta A.L.; Mertens J.; Rodrigues C.M.P.; Fernandez-Barrena M.G.; Da Silva Ruivo A.; Marzioni M.; Mentrasti G.; Acedo P.; Munoz-Garrido P.; Cardinale V.; Banales J.M.; Valle J.W.; Bridgewater J.; Braconi C.Marin, J. J. G.; Prete, M. G.; Lamarca, A.; Tavolari, S.; Landa-Magdalena, A.; Brandi, G.; Segatto, O.; Vogel, A.; Macias, R. I. R.; Rodrigues, P. M.; Casta, A. L.; Mertens, J.; Rodrigues, C. M. P.; Fernandez-Barrena, M. G.; Da Silva Ruivo, A.; Marzioni, M.; Mentrasti, G.; Acedo, P.; Munoz-Garrido, P.; Cardinale, V.; Banales, J. M.; Valle, J. W.; Bridgewater, J.; Braconi, C

Search for the doubly heavy Ξbc0 baryon via decays to D 0 pK −

A search for the doubly heavy Ξ0bc baryon using its decay to the D0pK- final state is performed using proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment between 2016 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb−1. No significant signal is found in the invariant mass range from 6.7 to 7.2 GeV/c2. Upper limits are set at 95% credibility level on the ratio of the Ξ0bc production cross-section times its branching fraction to D0pK− relative to that of the Λ0b→D0pK− decay. The limits are set as a function of the Ξ0bc mass and lifetime hypotheses, in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and in the transverse momentum region from 5 to 25 GeV/c. Upper limits range from 1.7 × 10−2 to 3.0 × 10−1 for the considered Ξ0bc mass and lifetime hypotheses