'Streaming Wars. La nueva Televisión'

Ficha técnica: Elena Neira Ed.: Libros Cúpula Barcelona, 2020 208 pp. ISBN: 978-84-480-2658-

Cambrian bioestratigraphy and environmental evolution of the Borobia area (Province of Soria, Oriental Iberian Chain, Spain)

[Resumen] Se estudian dos secciones estratigráficas en los afloramientos cámbricos más septentrionales de la Cadena Ibérica Oriental, las cuales incluyen a las formaciones Jalón, Ribota, Huérmeda, Daroca, Valdemiedes, Murero y Acón. Los datos estratigráficos, mineralógicos, petrológicos y paleontológicos sugieren la existencia de tres geoventos de tipo eustático. El primero de ellos (Transgresión del Cámbrico inferior) comienza con depósitos litorales en condiciones áridas y ambiente oxidante, para evolucionar a un medio sublitoral carbonatado y posteriormente a otro de plataforma siliciclástica abierta. El segundo geoevento (Regresión Hawke Bay) estaría representado por las areniscas y lutitas de la Formación Daroca. El inicio del tercer geoevento (transgresión generalizada del Cámbrico medio) produce la instauración de una plataforma mixta (terrígeno-carbonatada) con pulsos regresivos asociados, representados por la base de la Formación Acón. La presencia de los trilobites Strenuaeva ineondita, Aeadolenus sp., Asturiaspis inopinatus; Paradoxides (Eeeaparadoxides) suleatus; P. (Eee.) rouvillez: P. (Bee.) barehyrhaehis, Badulesia tenera, Badulesia pasehz: Badulesia granien: Solenopleuropsis verdiagana, Solenopleuropsis truneata y Pardazlhaina sp.; junto a los acritarcos Skiagia ezliosa, Heliosphaen'dium dissimzlare, Arehaeodiseina umbonulata, Cristallinium eambn'ensis, Eliasum Ilaniseum, Timofeevia fosfonOtiea y Timofeevia lanearae sugiere que los pisos Marianiense, Bilbiliense, Leoniense y Caesaraugustiense del Cámbrico inferior-medio están representados. Estos datos paleontológicos permiten una primera comparación entre la biozonación española de trilobites y la de acritarcos, y proceder así a la correlación de los materiales del Cámbrico inferior y medio de la Península Ibérica con los de la Plataforma Oriental Europea.[Abstract] Two stratigraphical sections from the more septentrional Cambrian outcrops of the Oriental Iberian Chain 'are studied, including theJalón, Ribota, Huérmeda, Daroca, Valdemiedes, Murero and Acón formations (Lower-Middle Cambrian). The stratigraphical, mineralogical, petrological and paleontological data suggest the presence of three eustatic geoevents. The first one (Lower Cambrian Transgression) started with litoral deposits on arid and oxidant conditions that changed to sublitoral deposits (carbonate shelf) and posteriorly to an open siliciclastic shelf. The second eustatic geoevent (Hawke Bay Regression) is represented by the sandstones and lutites of the Daroca formation. The third geoevent (Middle Cambrian Transgression) began with the establishment of a mixed shelf (terrigenous- carbonated) and shows sorne regressive pulses represented by the basal leveIs of the Acón Formation. The presence of the trilobites Strenuaeva ineondita, Aeadolenus sp., Asturiaspis inopinatus, Paradoxides (Eceaparadoxides) suleatus, P. (Eee.) rouvillei, P. (Bee.) barehyrhaehis, Badulesia tenera, Badulesia pasehz~ Badulesia granien', Solenopleuropsis verdiagana, Solenopleuropsis truneata and Paradazlhania sp.; and the acritarchs Skiagia ezliosa, Heiosphaen'dium dissimzlare, Arehaeodiseina umbonulata, Cristallinium eambn'ensis, Eliasum Ilaniseum, Timofeevia fosfontiea and timofeevia lanearae suggest a Lower-Middle Cambrian age (Marianian to Caesaraugustian stages). These biostratigraphical data allow a comparison between the trilobite and acritarch biozonations for the first time in Spain as well as the correlation of the Península Ibérica's Lower-Middle Cambrian materials with the East European Platform ones.

Las sucesiones estratigráficas del Paleozoico inferior y medio

13 páginas, 20 páginas.-- Editor: García Cortés, Angel.-- Capítulo 2.Peer reviewe

Evaluation of accuracy of invasive and non-invasive blood pressure monitoring in relation to carotid artery pressure in anaesthetised ponies

Invasive blood pressure measurement (IBP) using peripheral arteries is a commonly used technique in equine anaesthesia, although the accuracy has not been demonstrated. Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring (NIBP) may be indicated for field anesthesia, short procedures and foal anaesthesia. In the present report, the agreement of various IBP and NIBP measuring sites compared to carotid artery pressure was tested in anaesthetised experimental ponies. Six ponies were anaesthetised in lateral recumbency with sevoflurane and received either saline or dexmedetomidine boli followed by constant rate infusion (CRI). Invasive blood pressure measurements were obtained simultaneously from the carotid, facial and metatarsal arteries. NIBP measurements over both median arteries, metatarsal and middle coccygeal arteries were performed in random order. All blood pressure readings obtained were compared to carotid pressure by Bland-Altman analysis. Non-invasive blood pressure measurements had larger bias and poorer limits of agreement compared to IBP measurements. NIBP measurement from the coccygeal artery had the best repeatability and best limits of agreement of all NIBP positions and was not affected by the use of dexmedetomidine. The facial artery had smaller limits of agreement with dexmedetomidine treatment. There was no difference between the facial and metatarsal arteries during dexmedetomidine treatment in MAP and DAP. Systolic arterial pressures from the metatarsal artery showed larger bias and larger limits of agreement compared to facial artery. In conclusion, NIBP measurement from the tail artery is a reliable alternative to direct arterial blood pressure measurement. Both the metatarsal and facial arteries have acceptable agreement with carotid artery pressure so the choice can be based on the logistics of the procedure

¿La ingesta o suplementación con ácidos grasos omega-3 a partir de los 65 años influye en la función cognitiva? Resultados de una revisión sistemática

Background. The percentage of the older population is progressively increasing as are diseases associated with aging such as cognitive decline (CD) and dementia. Observational epidemiological studies suggest that diets rich in omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w3-PUFA) might reduce the risk of CD and dementia. Methods. We used the PubMed data base to search forarticles related to w3-PUFA and CD or dementia. Initially we identified 582 articles, after applying the eligibility criterion we included six studies in this systematic review. Results. The studies included were heterogeneous regarding population, measurement of exposure and outcome. Therefore, it was not possible to conduct a quantitative analysis. Two studies found that w3-PUFA supplementation decreased the risk of Alzheimer and improved cognitive performance. Two studies found an improvement in only one of the domains of cognitive performance (visual analogical classification and verbal fluency) and another two did not find any evidence of protection. Conclusions. We found few studies to support or refute the evidence that w3-PUFA supplementation in patients aged 65 or older improves cognitive performance or prevents dementia.Fundamento. El porcentaje de población de edad avanzada aumenta progresivamente y con ello las enfermedades asociadas a la edad como el deterioro cognitivo (DC) y la demencia. Distintos estudios sugieren que dietas ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 (AGPI w-3) pueden reducir el riesgo de DC y demencia. El objetivo fue evaluar si existe evidencia sobre la relación entre la suplementación con AGPI w-3 en pacientes ≥ 65 años y la función cognitiva. Material y métodos. Se recuperaron 582 artículos relacionados con ácidos grasos o AGPI w-3 y DC o demencia y se incluyeron seis estudios en esta revisión. Resultados. Los estudios son heterogéneos respecto a población estudiada, medición de la exposición y desenlace, no pudiendo realizarse una síntesis cuantitativa. Dos encontraron que la suplementación con AGPI w-3 prevenía la enfermedad de Alzheimer y mejoraba el rendimiento cognitivo. Dos encontraron mejoría solo en la clasificación analógica visual y fluencia verbal y otros dos no encontraron evidencia de protección. Conclusiones. No se encontró evidencia para sustentar o negar que la suplementación con AGPI w-3 a partir de los 65 años mejora el rendimiento cognitivo o previene la demencia

¿La ingesta o suplementación con ácidos grasos omega-3 a partir de los 65 años influye en la función cognitiva? Resultados de una revisión sistemática

Fundamento. El porcentaje de población de edad avanzada aumenta progresivamente y con ello las enfermedades asociadas a la edad como el deterioro cognitivo (DC) y la demencia. Distintos estudios sugieren que dietas ricas en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3 (AGPI w-3) pueden reducir el riesgo de DC y demencia. El objetivo fue evaluar si existe evidencia sobre la relación entre la suplementación con AGPI w-3 en pacientes ≥ 65 años y la función cognitiva. Material y métodos. Se recuperaron 582 artículos relacionados con ácidos grasos o AGPI w-3 y DC o demencia y se incluyeron seis estudios en esta revisión. Resultados. Los estudios son heterogéneos respecto a población estudiada, medición de la exposición y desenlace, no pudiendo realizarse una síntesis cuantitativa. Dos encontraron que la suplementación con AGPI w-3 prevenía la enfermedad de Alzheimer y mejoraba el rendimiento cognitivo. Dos encontraron mejoría solo en la clasificación analógica visual y fluencia verbal y otros dos no encontraron evidencia de protección. Conclusiones. No se encontró evidencia para sustentar o negar que la suplementación con AGPI w-3 a partir de los 65 años mejora el rendimiento cognitivo o previene la demencia.is progressively increasing as are diseases associated with aging such as cognitive decline (CD) and dementia. Observational epidemiological studies suggest that diets rich in omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w3-PUFA) might reduce the risk of CD and dementia. Methods. We used the PubMed data base to search for articles related to w3-PUFA and CD or dementia. Initially we identified 582 articles, after applying the eligibility criterion we included six studies in this systematic review. Results. The studies included were heterogeneous regarding population, measurement of exposure and outcome. Therefore, it was not possible to conduct a quantitative analysis. Two studies found that w3-PUFA supplementation decreased the risk of Alzheimer and improved cognitive performance. Two studies found an improvement in only one of the domains of cognitive performance (visual analogical classification and verbal fluency) and another two did not find any evidence of protection. Conclusions. We found few studies to support or refute the evidence that w3-PUFA supplementation in patients aged 65 or older improves cognitive performance or prevents dementia

Building Babies - Chapter 16

In contrast to birds, male mammals rarely help to raise the offspring. Of all mammals, only among rodents, carnivores, and primates, males are sometimes intensively engaged in providing infant care (Kleiman and Malcolm 1981). Male caretaking of infants has long been recognized in nonhuman primates (Itani 1959). Given that infant care behavior can have a positive effect on the infant’s development, growth, well-being, or survival, why are male mammals not more frequently involved in “building babies”? We begin the chapter defining a few relevant terms and introducing the theory and hypotheses that have historically addressed the evolution of paternal care. We then review empirical findings on male care among primate taxa, before focusing, in the final section, on our own work on paternal care in South American owl monkeys (Aotus spp.). We conclude the chapter with some suggestions for future studies.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (HU 1746/2-1) Wenner-Gren Foundation, the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the National Science Foundation (BCS-0621020), the University of Pennsylvania Research Foundation, the Zoological Society of San Dieg

Molecular epidemiology of an enterovirus A71 outbreak associated with severe neurological disease, Spain, 2016

Altres ajuts: We wish to thank I Bustillo, H del Pozo and P Higueras for their technical assistance. We also sincerely wish to thank all technical staff from microbiology departments and medical staff from paediatrics departments from all participating hospitals. Some of the samples are included in an ongoing project (PI15CIII-00020) which was supported by a grant by the Health Research System (AES).Introduction: Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is an emerging pathogen that causes a wide range of disorders including severe neurological manifestations. In the past 20 years, this virus has been associated with large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease with neurological complications in the Asia-Pacific region, while in Europe mainly sporadic cases have been reported. In spring 2016, however, an EV-A71 outbreak associated with severe neurological cases was reported in Catalonia and spread further to other Spanish regions. Aim: Our objective was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the outbreak. Methods: We carried out a retrospective study which included 233 EV-A71-positive samples collected during 2016 from hospitalised patients. We analysed the clinical manifestations associated with EV-A71 infections and performed phylogenetic analyses of the 3'-VP1 and 3Dpol regions from all Spanish strains and a set of EV-A71 from other countries. Results: Most EV-A71 infections were reported in children (mean age: 2.6 years) and the highest incidence was between May and July 2016 (83%). Most isolates (218/233) were classified as subgenogroup C1 and 217 of them were grouped in one cluster phylogenetically related to a new recombinant variant strain associated with severe neurological diseases in Germany and France in 2015 and 2016. Moreover, we found a clear association of EV-A71-C1 infection with severe neurological disorders, brainstem encephalitis being the most commonly reported. Conclusion: An emerging recombinant variant of EV-A71-C1 was responsible for the large outbreak in 2016 in Spain that was associated with many severe neurological cases

Effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen deposition on early to mid-term stage litter decomposition across biomes

Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its temporal dynamics are of significant importance, since their effects might change over the course of the decomposition process. Within the TeaComposition initiative, we incubated Green and Rooibos teas at 524 sites across nine biomes. We assessed how macroclimate and atmospheric inorganic N deposition under current and predicted scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) might affect litter mass loss measured after 3 and 12 months. Our study shows that the early to mid-term mass loss at the global scale was affected predominantly by litter quality (explaining 73% and 62% of the total variance after 3 and 12 months, respectively) followed by climate and N deposition. The effects of climate were not litter-specific and became increasingly significant as decomposition progressed, with MAP explaining 2% and MAT 4% of the variation after 12 months of incubation. The effect of N deposition was litter-specific, and significant only for 12-month decomposition of Rooibos tea at the global scale. However, in the temperate biome where atmospheric N deposition rates are relatively high, the 12-month mass loss of Green and Rooibos teas decreased significantly with increasing N deposition, explaining 9.5% and 1.1% of the variance, respectively. The expected changes in macroclimate and N deposition at the global scale by the end of this century are estimated to increase the 12-month mass loss of easily decomposable litter by 1.1-3.5% and of the more stable substrates by 3.8-10.6%, relative to current mass loss. In contrast, expected changes in atmospheric N deposition will decrease the mid-term mass loss of high-quality litter by 1.4-2.2% and that of low-quality litter by 0.9-1.5% in the temperate biome. Our results suggest that projected increases in N deposition may have the capacity to dampen the climate-driven increases in litter decomposition depending on the biome and decomposition stage of substrate

Molecular epidemiology of an enterovirus A71 outbreak associated with severe neurological disease, Spain, 2016

IntroductionEnterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is an emerging pathogen that causes a wide range of disorders including severe neurological manifestations. In the past 20 years, this virus has been associated with large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease with neurological complications in the Asia-Pacific region, while in Europe mainly sporadic cases have been reported. In spring 2016, however, an EV-A71 outbreak associated with severe neurological cases was reported in Catalonia and spread further to other Spanish regions.AimOur objective was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the outbreak.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective study which included 233 EV-A71-positive samples collected during 2016 from hospitalised patients. We analysed the clinical manifestations associated with EV-A71 infections and performed phylogenetic analyses of the 3'-VP1 and 3Dpol regions from all Spanish strains and a set of EV-A71 from other countries.ResultsMost EV-A71 infections were reported in children (mean age: 2.6 years) and the highest incidence was between May and July 2016 (83%). Most isolates (218/233) were classified as subgenogroup C1 and 217 of them were grouped in one cluster phylogenetically related to a new recombinant variant strain associated with severe neurological diseases in Germany and France in 2015 and 2016. Moreover, we found a clear association of EV-A71-C1 infection with severe neurological disorders, brainstem encephalitis being the most commonly reported.ConclusionAn emerging recombinant variant of EV-A71-C1 was responsible for the large outbreak in 2016 in Spain that was associated with many severe neurological cases.S