Estimating hidden fishing activity hotspots from vessel transmitted data

Monitoring fishery activity is essential for resource planning and guaranteeing fisheries sustainability. Large fishing vessels constantly and continuously communicate their positions via Automatic Identification System (AIS) or Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMSs). These systems can use radio or Global Positioning System (GPS) devices to transmit data. Processing and integrating these big data with other fisheries data allows for exploring the relations between socio-economic and ecosystem assets in marine areas, which is fundamental in fishery monitoring. In this context, estimating actual fishing activity from time series of AIS and VMS data would enhance the correct identification of fishing activity patterns and help assess regulations' effectiveness. However, these data might contain gaps because of technical issues such as limited coverage of the terrestrial receivers or saturated transmission bands. Other sources of data gaps are adverse meteorological conditions and voluntary switch-offs. Gaps may also include hidden (unreported) fishing activity whose quantification would improve actual fishing activity estimation. This paper presents a workflow for AIS/VMS big-data analysis that estimates potential unreported fishing activity hotspots in a marine area. The workflow uses a statistical spatial analysis over vessel speeds and coordinates and a multi-source data integration approach that can work on multiple areas and multiple analysis scales. Specifically, it (i) estimates fishing activity locations and rebuilds data gaps, (ii) estimates the potential unreported fishing hour distribution and the unreported-over-total ratio of fishing hours at a 0.01 degrees spatial resolution, (iii) identifies potential unreported fishing activity hotspots, (iv) extracts the stocks involved in these hotspots (using global-scale repositories of stock and species observation data) and raises an alert about their possible endangered, threatened, and protected (ETP) status. The workflow is also a free-to-use Web Service running on an open science-compliant cloud computing platform with a Web Processing Service (WPS) standard interface, allowing efficient big data processing. As a study case, we focussed on the Adriatic Sea. We reconstructed the monthly reported and potential unreported trawling activity in 2019, using terrestrial AIS data with a 5-min sampling period, containing similar to 50 million records transmitted by similar to 1,600 vessels. The results highlight that the unreported fishing activity hotspots especially impacted Italian coasts and some forbidden and protected areas. The potential unreported activity involved 33 stocks, four of which were ETP species in the basin. The extracted information agreed with expert studies, and the estimated trawling patterns agreed with those produced by the Global Fishing Watch

Raja asterias population assessment in FAO GFCM GSA17 area

Population structure and distribution of the starry ray, Raja asterias, were described based on data collected during yearly rapido trawl surveys (SoleMon), between 2005 and 2014 in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea. A total of 306 individuals were caught, sex ratio was 1.04:1 in favor of males and length-weight relationships were obtained for the whole sample. Following the MEDITS scale, maturity was estimated, observing a higher number of immature individuals. Relative abundance significantly increased during the recent period with the highest values recorded at 5-30 m depths. Such increase could be related to the response of R. asterias to climatic change or to the decrease  in fishing pressure in the area. Clear spatial segregation of individuals depending on their life stage was observed, with immature individuals inhabiting the coastal areas and adults more abundant at depths greater than 40 m. The comparison of the result of the present study with MEDITS survey outcomes in terms of  distribution patterns, persistence areas of adults and juveniles and abundances indices, evidences that SoleMon survey seems to be more suitable in defining such features of the stock, likely due to the greater catchability of the rapido trawl in respect to the MEDITS trawl net. However, further investigations are needed to identify factors affecting the increasing abundance of this species, and develop an action plan for spatial management of fishing activities

Raja asterias population assessment in FAO GFCM GSA17 area

Population structure and distribution of the starry ray, Raja asterias, were described based on data collected during yearly rapido trawl surveys (SoleMon), between 2005 and 2014 in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea. A total of 306 individuals were caught, sex ratio was 1.04:1 in favor of males and length-weight relationships were obtained for the whole sample. Following the MEDITS scale, maturity was estimated, observing a higher number of immature individuals. Relative abundance significantly increased during the recent period with the highest values recorded at 5-30 m depths. Such increase could be related to the response of R. asterias to climatic change or to the decrease  in fishing pressure in the area. Clear spatial segregation of individuals depending on their life stage was observed, with immature individuals inhabiting the coastal areas and adults more abundant at depths greater than 40 m. The comparison of the result of the present study with MEDITS survey outcomes in terms of  distribution patterns, persistence areas of adults and juveniles and abundances indices, evidences that SoleMon survey seems to be more suitable in defining such features of the stock, likely due to the greater catchability of the rapido trawl in respect to the MEDITS trawl net. However, further investigations are needed to identify factors affecting the increasing abundance of this species, and develop an action plan for spatial management of fishing activities

Predicting Fishing Effort and Catch Using Semantic Trajectories and Machine Learning

In this paper we explore a unique, high-value spatio-temporal dataset that results from the fusion of three data sources: trajectories from fishing vessels (obtained from terrestrial Automatic Identification System, or AIS, data feed), the corresponding fish catch reports (i.e., the quantity and type of fish caught), and relevant environmental data. The result of that fusion is a set of semantic trajectories describing the fishing activities in Northern Adriatic Sea over two years. We present early results from an exploratory analysis of these semantic trajectories, as well as from initial predictive modeling using Machine Learning. Our goal is to predict the Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE), an indicator of the fishing resources exploitation useful for fisheries management. Our predictive results are preliminary in both the temporal data horizon that we are able to explore and in the limited set of learning techniques that are employed on this task. We discuss several approaches that we plan to apply in the near future to learn from such data, evidence, and knowledge that will be useful for fisheries management. It is likely that other centers of intense fishing activities are in possession of similar data and could use the methods similar to the ones proposed here in their local context

ICO-ICS Praxis para el tratamiento de la leucemia linfática crónica

Tractament mèdic; Tractament amb irradiació; Leucèmia limfàtica crònicaMedical treatment; Irradiation treatment; Chronic lymphocytic leukemiaTratamiento médico; Tratamiento con irradiación; Leucemia linfática crónicaLa leucèmia limfàtica crònica (LLC) és una alteració hematopoètica monoclonal caracteritzada per una expansió progressiva de limfòcits de la línia B. Aquests limfòcits, madurs des del punt de vista morfològic, però menys madurs des del punt de vista immunològic, s’acumulen a la sang, la medul·la òssia, els nòduls limfàtics i la melsa. Els principals objectius d’aquesta ICO-ICSPraxi són: - Desenvolupar, difondre, implementar i avaluar resultats de la ICO-ICSPraxi de la leucèmia limfàticacrònica (LLC). - Disminuir la variabilitat terapèutica entre els pacients tractats als diferents centres d'aquesta xarxa. - Implementar els resultats de la terapèutica en els pacients amb LLC tractats d'acord amb lesrecomanacions d'aquesta guia

Educación, cultura e inmigración en el marco de los derechos humanos: cambio social y cultural en la Mallorca de la inmigración (magrebí)

El tema que nos ocupa encaja en la Sociología de la Cultura y de la Educación y Sociología de las migraciones, lo que nos sirve para poder explicar la que definimos como sociedad compleja y de cambio, y comprender mejor el papel de las migraciones en el marco de los Derechos Humanos y convivencia ciudadana. Haciendo hincapié en la Educación como elemento sociocultural, que puede reflejar las inquietudes de nuestra sociedad. Concretando el tema en la Mallorca de la Inmigración magrebí, en el contexto de una población que ha crecido de nacidos fuera de la Isla en más de un 140 %, lo que ha tenido consecuencias para la realidad escolar, lo que pretendemos constatar analizando diversas escuelas de estas características. Una sociedad en proceso de globalización y que al tiempo que fomenta una hipotética solidaridad y origina desigualdades económicas, sociales y culturales) donde conviven varios modelos dominantes, capitalismo, tecnológico, urbano, "mass mediático", consumista, mercantilista, etc. Hablamos de inmigración en relación a dos tipos de cambio: A.- Cambio social. Cuyos factores pueden concretarse en Movilidad poblacional, globalización y glocalización a la vez. Desigualdades sociales, en el contexto Norte-Sur, con la preponderancia dominante de Occidente, en un proceso en favor de las economías, en especial de EEUU y Europa, desregulación de las economías de los países nombrados subdesarrollados. Guerras, conflictos violentos, corrupción, violación los derechos humanos, explotación Infantil y de la Mujer, etc. Impacto social de las migraciones en las sociedades de recepción. Discriminación y marginación social, Racismo, Transnacionalización y mundialización de las problemáticas económicas, políticas y sociales. B.- Cambio cultural. En nuestro caso, cabe entenderlo desde la Sociología de la Cultura y de la socialización desde el desarrollo humano y en el marco de la explicación de la realidad social y cultural. Transculturación, hibridación de culturas, estandarización cultura, pérdida de identidades y culturas que viven procesos de extinción y reacciones en contra de este proceso y a favor de una recuperación identitaria, una socialización de las personas, se a decir aprendizaje de culturas y de inserción a la vida social con un grado de artificiosidad importante y urbana, en contra de un proceso más natural y espontáneo, controlado por una estructuración de la sociedad jerarquizada y cada vez más burocratizada. Diversidad cultural folclorizada y poco auténtica

Educación, cultura e inmigración en el marco de los derechos humanos: cambio social y cultural en la Mallorca de la inmigración (magrebí)

El tema que nos ocupa encaja en la Sociología de la Cultura y de la Educación y Sociología de las migraciones, lo que nos sirve para poder explicar la que definimos como sociedad compleja y de cambio, y comprender mejor el papel de las migraciones en el marco de los Derechos Humanos y convivencia ciudadana. Haciendo hincapié en la Educación como elemento sociocultural, que puede reflejar las inquietudes de nuestra sociedad. Concretando el tema en la Mallorca de la Inmigración magrebí, en el contexto de una población que ha crecido de nacidos fuera de la Isla en más de un 140 %, lo que ha tenido consecuencias para la realidad escolar, lo que pretendemos constatar analizando diversas escuelas de estas características. Una sociedad en proceso de globalización y que al tiempo que fomenta una hipotética solidaridad y origina desigualdades económicas, sociales y culturales) donde conviven varios modelos dominantes, capitalismo, tecnológico, urbano, "mass mediático", consumista, mercantilista, etc. Hablamos de inmigración en relación a dos tipos de cambio: A.- Cambio social. Cuyos factores pueden concretarse en Movilidad poblacional, globalización y glocalización a la vez. Desigualdades sociales, en el contexto Norte-Sur, con la preponderancia dominante de Occidente, en un proceso en favor de las economías, en especial de EEUU y Europa, desregulación de las economías de los países nombrados subdesarrollados. Guerras, conflictos violentos, corrupción, violación los derechos humanos, explotación Infantil y de la Mujer, etc. Impacto social de las migraciones en las sociedades de recepción. Discriminación y marginación social, Racismo, Transnacionalización y mundialización de las problemáticas económicas, políticas y sociales. B.- Cambio cultural. En nuestro caso, cabe entenderlo desde la Sociología de la Cultura y de la socialización desde el desarrollo humano y en el marco de la explicación de la realidad social y cultural. Transculturación, hibridación de culturas, estandarización cultura, pérdida de identidades y culturas que viven procesos de extinción y reacciones en contra de este proceso y a favor de una recuperación identitaria, una socialización de las personas, se a decir aprendizaje de culturas y de inserción a la vida social con un grado de artificiosidad importante y urbana, en contra de un proceso más natural y espontáneo, controlado por una estructuración de la sociedad jerarquizada y cada vez más burocratizada. Diversidad cultural folclorizada y poco auténtica

Scientific knowledge gaps on the biology of non-fish marine species across European Seas

Available information and potential data gaps for non-fish marine organisms (cnidarians, crustaceans, echinoderms, molluscs, sponges, mammals, reptiles, and seabirds) covered by the global database SeaLifeBase were reviewed for eight marine ecosystems (Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Baltic Sea, Bay of Biscay/Celtic Sea/Iberian Coast, Black Sea, North Sea, western Mediterranean Sea, Levantine Sea) across European Seas. The review of the SeaLifeBase dataset, which is based on published literature, analyzed information coverage for eight biological characteristics (diet, fecundity, maturity, length-weight relationships, spawning, growth, lifespan, and natural mortality). These characteristics are required for the development of ecosystem and ecological models to evaluate the status of marine resources and related fisheries. Our analyses revealed that information regarding these biological characteristics in the literature was far from complete across all studied areas. The level of available information was nonetheless reasonably good for sea turtles and moderate for marine mammals in some areas (Baltic Sea, Bay of Biscay/Celtic Sea/Iberian Coast, Black Sea, North Sea and western Mediterranean Sea). Further, seven of the areas have well-studied species in terms of information coverage for biological characteristics of some commercial species whereas threatened species are generally not well studied. Across areas, the most well-studied species are the cephalopod common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) and the crustacean Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). Overall, the information gap is narrowest for length-weight relationships followed by growth and maturity, and widest for fecundity and natural mortality. Based on these insights, we provide recommendations to prioritize species with insufficient or missing biological data that are common across the studied marine ecosystems and to address data deficiencies