Evaluación histológica del efecto de enzimas con actividad depilatoria sobre piel vacuna

La industria curtidora genera una variedad de desechos potencialmente tóxicos que dependen del proceso de depilado utilizado. Para atenuar esta contaminación, se desarrollaron sistemas alternativos de depilado, entre ellos el enzimático. En la epidermis, a nivel del estrato corneo, se ubican lípidos que ocupan casi por completo el espacio intercelular entre los queratinocitos y desempeñan un importante papel como barrera hidrofóbica. Esta barrera debe transformarse para permitir el paso de las enzimas depilatorias hacia sus sitios de acción: folículo piloso/pelo y membrana basal. Las estructuras mencionadas deben eliminarse sin dañar el colágeno, proteína determinante de la calidad del cuero. Sobre trozos de piel bovina fueron analizados los efectos de diferentes pretratamientos tendientes a favorecer la penetración de enzimas depilatorias. Se utilizaron tensioactivos y sulfito de sodio como pretratamiento y posteriormente tratamientos con proteasas comerciales, una de origen pancréático y otra alcalina. El control fue tratado con buffer de bicarbonato de sodio. Las muestras se colorearon con Hematoxilina Eosina y Tricrómico de Masson. En los cortes sometidos a acción enzimática se encontraron cambios en el colágeno que podrían alterar la calidad del cuero.Se concluye que el estudio histológico de la piel permite evaluar los cambios que pueden ocasionar los tratamientos que se realizan para convertirla en cuero

Phylogenomics using low-depth whole genome sequencing: a case study with the olive tribe

Species trees have traditionally been inferred from a few selected markers, and genome-wide investigations remain largely restricted to model organisms or small groups of species for which sampling of fresh material is available, leaving out most of the existing and historic species diversity. The genomes of an increasing number of species, including specimens extracted from natural history collections, are being sequenced at low depth. While these datasets are widely used to analyse organelle genomes, the nuclear fraction is generally ignored. Here we evaluate different reference-based methods to infer phylogenies of large taxonomic groups from such datasets. Using the example of the Oleeae tribe, a worldwide-distributed group, we build phylogenies based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained using two reference genomes (the olive and ash trees). The inferred phylogenies are overall congruent, yet present differences that might reflect the effect of the distance to the reference on the amount of missing data. To limit this issue, the genome complexity was reduced by using pairs of orthologous coding sequences as the reference, thus allowing combining SNPs obtained using two distinct references. Concatenated and coalescence trees based on these combined SNPs suggest events of incomplete lineage sorting and/or hybridization during the diversification of this large phylogenetic group. Our results show that genome-wide phylogenetic trees can be inferred from low-depth sequence datasets for eukaryote groups with complex genomes, and histories of reticulate evolution. This opens new avenues for large-scale phylogenomics and biogeographic analyses covering both the extant and historic diversity stored in museum collections

SARS-CoV-2 immunochromatographic IgM/IgG rapid test in pregnancy: A false friend?

Background: An increasing body of evidence has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women could increase the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Careful monitoring of pregnancies with COVID-19 and measures to prevent neonatal infection are warranted. Therefore, rapid antibody tests have been suggested as an efficient screening tool during pregnancy. Cases: We analysed the clinical performance during pregnancy of a rapid, lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies. We performed a universal screening including 169 patients during their last trimester of pregnancy. We present a series of 14 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 immunochromatographic assay rapid test result. Immunochromatographic assay results were always confirmed by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM+IgA antibodies as the gold standard. We observed a positive predictive value of 50% and a false positive rate of 50% in pregnant women, involving a significantly lower diagnostic performance than reported in non-pregnant patients. Discussion: Our data suggest that although immunochromatographic assay rapid tests may be a fast and profitable screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection, they may have a high false positive rate and low positive predictive value in pregnant women. Therefore, immunochromatographic assay for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies must be verified by other test in pregnant patients

Impacto ambiental de regeneración de playas: la playa de poniente (Gijón)

[ES] El litoral es un ecosistema frágil, con equilibrios dinámicos fáciles de vulnerar. Por otra parte, es un espacio multiuso muy demandado por el hombre. En consecuencia, es un recurso escaso que exige una gestión ambiental. La mejor defensa de una costa es una playa, por ello la conservación, creación y regeneración de playas se pueden considerar, con carácter general, como actuaciones encaminadas hacia el uso sostenible del recurso litoral. No obstante, la complejidad de relaciones que se dan en este espacio aconseja que estos proyectos prevean los posibles efectos adversos que puedan ocasionar, para tomar las adecuadas medidas correctoras. Se sintetiza en este artículo el Estudio de Impacto Ambiental del Proyecto de regeneración de la playa de poniente en Gijón. El Proyecto, promovido por la Autoridad Portuaria de Gijón y por el propio Ayuntamiento de esta ciudad, contempla la construcción de un paseo marítimo, además de la regeneración de parte de la antigua playa de Natahoyo y se ubica en la concha Oeste de Gijón, a poniente del Puerto Deportivo, constituyendo con éste la nueva fachada marítima de este sector de la ciudad. El Estudio realizado lleva a cabo la identificación, la caracterización y la valoración de los impactos (según la normativa vigente). Esta identificación preventiva de los impactos permite sugerir medidas correctoras y proponer ideas para la redacción de un plan de vigilancia ambiental. Se ha realizado un análisis del Proyecto y del medio y se han elaborado estudios específicos para la identificación y alcance de los impactos. Se ha contemplado también la participación ciudadana mediante una encuesta dirigida a diferentes grupos sociales: asociaciones de vecinos, grupos ecologistas y conservacionistas, centros universitarios, administraciones locales, autonómicas y estatales, etc. De forma muy sucinta, el Estudio permite decir que el Proyecto, de forma global, aumentará la calidad de vida del sector Oeste de la ciudad, que contará con una nueva fachada marítima más acorde con sus actuales características socioeconómicas. No obstante, provocará algunos impactos negativos e inevitables como el incremento de la vulnerabilidad de la avifauna limícola de la Bahía.Canteras, JC.; Pérez, L.; Cantera, E.; Soler, M.; Carralimos, CI. (1995). Impacto ambiental de regeneración de playas: la playa de poniente (Gijón). Ingeniería del Agua. 2(1 Extraordinario):223-243. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1995.267322324321 ExtraordinarioAlberto, L.J. y Purroy, F.C. (1981). Censo de limícolas invernantes en España (1978, 79 y 80) realizados por la Sociedad Española de Ornitología. Ardeola28, 3-33.Alberto, L.J. y Purroy, F.C. (1984). Datos del censo invernal de limícolas de 1981 y 1982 en España. Ardeola 30, 93-100.Amat, J.A.; Díaz, C.; Herrera, C.M.; Jordano, P; Obeso, J.R. y Soringuer, R.C. (1985). Criterios de valoración de zonas húmedas de importancia nacional y regional en función de las aves acuáticas.ICÓNA, Monografía n° 35, Madrid, 79 pp.ANA (1988). Diez años de censos de aves acuáticas invernantes en Asturias (1978-87). Asturnatura 7, 1-18.Autoridad Portuaria de Gijón (1993). Memoria anual. 1992. Ed. Autoridad Portuaria de Gijón, Gijón, 105 pp.Barragán, J.M. (1994). Ordenación. Planificación y Gestión del Espacio Litoral. Oikos-Tau, Barcelona, 298 pp.Canteras, J.C. (1992). Introducción al Paisaje: Metodologías de Valoración. Universidade do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil, 110 pp.Centro de Investigaciones Submarinas (CIS) (1993). Estudio de la Biosfera Marina de la costa entre Cabo Peñas y Lastre (Asturias). Informe técnico realizado para la Autoridad Portuaria de Gijón.Clayton, K.M. (1993). Coastal processes and coastal management. Countryside Commission, elementos visuales. I Jornadas Internacionales Northampton, 52 pp.Español, Y. (1991). Análisis estético del paisaje por elementos visuales. I Jornadas Internacionales sobre paisajismo. Santiago de Compostela, 43-55 pp.Fundación Torres Quevedo (1993). Prediseño del Sistema General de Saneamiento del Área de Gijón y Avilés. Informe Técnico para la Confederación Hidrográfica del NorteGonzález, J.V.; Fuentes, A.; Rufino, J. y Muñoz, B. (1993). Informe sobre la Avifauna de la Bahía de Gijón. Inédito.Hoozemans, F.M.J. (1992). Introduction to the coastal system. II Course on Coastal zone management Institute for Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Delft (Netherland).ICONA (1986)-Lista Roja de los Vertebrados de España. ICONA, Madrid, 400 pp.Medio Ambiente (1994). Publicación de la Dirección General de Política Ambiental, n° 33, Madrid.MOPU (1985). Política de costas: plan de actuaciones 1983-1990. Documentos del Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Urbanismo. Servicio de Publicaciones, Secretaría General Técnica, Madrid, 209 pp.MOPU (1991). Actuaciones en la costa. Dirección General de Puertos y Costas. Servicio de Publicaciones, Secretaría General Técnica, Madrid, 307 pp.Ortega, F. (1992). El litoral. Aproximación geográfica. Temas de administración local. Centro de Estudios Municipales y de Cooperación Internacional (CEMCI), Madrid, 9-29 pp.Sánchez-Arcilla, A. y Jiménez, J.A. (1994). Ingeniería de playas (I): Conceptos de Morfología Costera. Ingeniería del Agua. 1,2, 97-114.Toba, E. (1991). Restauración del paisaje litoral. I Jornadas Internacionales sobre paisajismo. Santiago de Compostela, 91-98 pp

Short-term effectiveness of a mobile phone app for increasing physical activity and adherence to the mediterranean diet in primary care: A randomized controlled trial (EVIDENT II study)

Background: The use of mobile phone apps for improving lifestyles has become generalized in the population, although little is still known about their effectiveness in improving health. Objective: We evaluate the effect of adding an app to standard counseling on increased physical activity (PA) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, 3 months after implementation. Methods: A randomized, multicenter clinical trial was carried out. A total of 833 participants were recruited in six primary care centers in Spain through random sampling: 415 in the app+counseling group and 418 in the counseling only group. Counseling on PA and the Mediterranean diet was given to both groups. The app+counseling participants additionally received training in the use of an app designed to promote PA and the Mediterranean diet over a 3-month period. PA was measured with the 7-day Physical Activity Recall (PAR) questionnaire and an accelerometer; adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener questionnaire. Results: Participants were predominantly female in both the app+counseling (249/415, 60.0%) and counseling only (268/418, 64.1%) groups, with a mean age of 51.4 (SD 12.1) and 52.3 (SD 12.0) years, respectively. Leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by 7-day PAR increased in the app+counseling (mean 29, 95% CI 5-53 min/week; P=.02) but not in the counseling only group (mean 17.4, 95% CI ''18 to 53 min/week; P=.38). No differences in increase of activity were found between the two groups. The accelerometer recorded a decrease in PA after 3 months in both groups: MVPA mean ''55.3 (95% CI ''75.8 to ''34.9) min/week in app+counseling group and mean ''30.1 (95% CI ''51.8 to ''8.4) min/week in counseling only group. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased in both groups (8.4% in app+counseling and 10.4% in counseling only group), with an increase in score of 0.42 and 0.53 points, respectively (P<.001), but no difference between groups (P=.86). Conclusions: Leisure-time MVPA increased more in the app+counseling than counseling only group, although no difference was found when comparing the increase between the two groups. Counseling accompanied by printed materials appears to be effective in improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet, although the app does not increase adherence

The relationship of the atlantic diet with cardiovascular risk factors and markers of arterial stiffness in adults without cardiovascular disease

Background: Studying the adherence of the population to the Atlantic Diet (AD) could be simplified by an easy and quickly applied dietary index. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship of an index measuring compliance with recommendations regarding the Atlantic diet and physical activity with cardiovascular disease risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors, obesity indexes and arterial stiffness markers. Methods: We included 791 individuals from the EVIDENT study (lifestyles and arterial ageing), (52.3 ± 12 years, 61.7% women) without cardiovascular disease. Compliance with recommendations on AD was collected through the responses to a food frequency questionnaire, while physical activity was measured by accelerometer. The number of recommendations being met was estimated using a global scale between 0 and 14 points (a higher score representing greater adherence). Blood pressure, plasma lipid and glucose values and obesity rates were measured. Cardiovascular risk was estimated with the Framingham equation. Results: In the overall sample, 184 individuals (23.3%) scored between 0–3 on the 14-point index we created, 308 (38.9%) between 4 and 5 points, and 299 (37.8%) 6 or more points. The results of multivariate analysis yield a common tendency in which the group with an adherence score of at least 6 points shows lower figures for total cholesterol (p = 0.007) and triglycerides (p = 0.002). Similarly, overall cardiovascular risk in this group is the lowest (p < 0.001), as is pulse wave velocity (p = 0.050) and the mean values of the obesity indexes studied (p < 0.05 in all cases). Conclusion: The rate of compliance with the Atlantic diet and physical activity shows that greater adherence to these recommendations is linked to lower cardiovascular risk, lower total cholesterol and triglycerides, lower rates of obesity and lower pulse wave velocity values

Dietary glycemic index and retinal microvasculature in adults: a cross-sectional study

[EN] Objective: To analyze the relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI) and retinal microvasculature in adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 300 subjects from the EVIDENT II study. Dietary GI was calculated using a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Retinal photographs were digitized, temporal vessels were measured in an area 0.5–1 disc diameter from the optic disc and arteriolar-venular index (AVI) was estimated with semi-automated software. Results: AVI showed a significant difference between the tertiles of GI, after adjusting for potential confounders. The lowest AVI values were observed among subjects in the highest tertile of GI, whereas the greatest were found among those in the lowest tertile (estimated marginal mean of 0.738 vs. 0.768, p = 0.014). Conclusions: In adults, high dietary GI implies lowering AVI values regardless of age, gender and other confounding variables. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02016014. Registered 9 December 2013