Revisión del género Tuber (Tuberaceae: Pezizales) de México

ResumenLas especies del género Tuber han recibido escasa atención taxonómica en México, a pesar de su gran importancia ecológica y económica. A la fecha, 10 especies han sido descritas para el país. En este estudio se describen por primera vez para la micobiota Mexicana a Tuber canaliculatum, T. gibbosum y T. malacodermum. Las especies fueron determinadas por una combinación de características principalmente morfológicas y ecológicas. Así mismo, se presenta una clave dicotómica de las especies conocidas y descritas para México.AbstractSpecies in the genus Tuber have received little taxonomic attention in Mexico, despite its great ecological and economic importance. Only 10 species have been described for Mexico. In this study, Tuber canaliculatum, T. gibbosum, and T. malacodermum are described for the first time for the Mexican mycobiota. These species are distinguished by a combination of morphological and ecological characteristics. Illustarations and a dichotomic key are presented for the known described species from Mexico

Analyses of Sporocarps, Morphotyped Ectomycorrhizae, Environmental ITS and LSU Sequences Identify Common Genera that Occur at a Periglacial Site

Abstract: Periglacial substrates exposed by retreating glaciers represent extreme and sensitive environments defined by a variety of abiotic stressors that challenge organismal establishment and survival. The simple communities often residing at these sites enable their analyses in depth. We utilized existing data and mined published sporocarp, morphotyped ectomycorrhizae (ECM), as well as environmental sequence data of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) regions of the ribosomal RNA gene to identify taxa that occur at a glacier forefront in the North Cascades Mountains in Washington State in the USA. The discrete data types consistently identified several common and widely distributed genera, perhaps best exemplified by Inocybe and Laccaria. Although we expected low diversity and richness, our environmental sequence data included 37 ITS and 26 LSU operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that likely form ECM. While environmental surveys of metabarcode markers detected large numbers of targeted ECM taxa, both the fruiting body and the morphotype datasets included genera that were undetected in either of the metabarcode datasets. These included hypogeous (Hymenogaster) and epigeous (Lactarius) taxa, some of which may produce large sporocarps but may possess small and/or spatially patchy genets. We highlight the importance of combining various data types to provide a comprehensive view of a fungal community, even in an environment assumed to host communities of low species richness and diversity.Peer reviewe

Mycorrhizal fungi in Pinus ponderosa introduced in Central Patagonia (Argentina)

A study to survey the ectomycorrhizal fungi found in ponderosa pine plantations and bare-root nurseries in Central Patagonia (Argentina) was conducted. Fourteen plantations and eight nurseries were sampled for hypogeous and epigeous fungi for three years. Rhizopogon ellenae, Tricholoma muricatum, Cortinarius sp. subgen Telamonia and Radiigera sp. were found exclusively in plantations. Laccaria tortilis, Hebeloma hiemale, Scleroderma areolatum, Inocybe kauffmanii, Scleroderma fuscum, Thelephora terrestris, Rhizopogon subolivascens, Amanita sp. and Tuber sp. were found exclusively in nurseries. Hebeloma mesophaeum, Rhizopogon roseolus, Suillus luteus, Tomentella atramentaria and Amphinema byssoides were found in nurseries and plantations. Overall, eighteen ectomycorrhizal species were found in association with ponderosa pine plantations and nurseries. The most widely distributed species were Amphinema byssoides, Hebeloma mesophaeum, Suillus luteus and Rhizopogon roseolus in plantations, and R. roseolus and H. mesophaeum in nurseries. Because of their wide distribution and abundance in plantations and their relative abundant spore concentration, Rhizopogon roseolus, Suillus luteus and Hebeloma mesophaeum are potential candidates that could be used in mycorrhizal inoculation programs for ponderosa pine in forest nurseries.Fil: Barroetaveña, Carolina. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rajchenberg, Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Cázares, Efrén. State University of Oregon; Estados Unido

Twenty years of research on fungus-microbe-plant interactions on Lyman Glacier forefront – lessons learned and questions yet unanswered

Retreating glaciers and the periglacial areas they vacate for organismal colonization produce a harsh environment of extreme radiation, nutrient limitations, and temperature oscillations. They provide a model system for studying mechanisms that drive establishment and early assembly of communities. Here, we synthesize more than twenty years of research at the Lyman Glacier forefront in the North Cascades Mountains, comparing the results and conclusions for plant and microbial communities. Compared to plant communities, the trajectories and processes of microbial community development are difficult to deduce. However, the combination of high throughput sequencing, more revealing experimental designs, and analyses of phylogenetic community provide insights into mechanisms that shape early microbial communities. While the inoculum is likely randomly drawn from regional pools and accumulates over time, our data provide no support for increases in richness over time since deglaciation as is commonly observed for plant communities. Re‐analyses of existing datasets suggest that microbial, particularly fungal, communities are insensitive to time since substrate exposure from underneath the retreating glacier but responsive to plant establishment both in biomass and community composition. Further research on functional aspects, organismal activity, or ecosystem services in early successional environments will provide deeper appreciation for the dynamics of these communities

Estudio del ITS nuclear en algunas especies del género Cantharellus de México

Las especies del gE?nero Cantharellus son de gran importancia econU?mica y ecolU?gica. Sin embargo, la variaciU?n morfolU?gica inter e intraespecI?fica de este gE?nero ha dificultado la ubicaciU?n taxonU?mica de algunas de sus especies, incluyendo la especie tipo. Por lo anterior, se llevU? a cabo un estudio taxonU?mico molecular. El ITS de 35 colectas y cinco Referencias cultivos puros de Cantharellus, provenientes del cen- tro, sur y norte de ME?xico, fue analizado mediante el uso de PCR (reacciU?n en cadena de la polimerasa) y RFLP (polimorfismo de la longitud de los fragmen- tos de restricciU?n). Las especies estudiadas fueron: C. cibarius, C. lateritius, C. minor, C. cinnabarinus, C. aff. amethysteus, Cantharellus spp. y Cr. cinereus (=C. cinereus). El RFLP no demostrU? suficiente reso- luciU?n para observar variaciU?n inter e intraespecI?fica, pero sI? demostrU? diferencias en cinco cultivos puros de Cantharellus

Twenty years of research on fungal-plant interactions on Lyman Glacier forefront - lessons learned and questions yet unanswered

Retreating glaciers and the periglacial areas that they vacate produce a harsh environment of extreme radiation, nutrient limitations and temperature oscillations. They provide a model system for studying mechanisms that drive the establishment and early assembly of communities. Here, we synthesize more than 20 yr of research at the Lyman Glacier forefront in the North Cascades Mountains, comparing the results and conclusions for plant and fungal communities. Compared to plant communities, the trajectories and processes of fungal community development are difficult to deduce. However, a combination of high throughput sequencing, more revealing experimental designs, and phylogenetic community analyses provide insights into mechanisms that shape early microbial communities. While the inoculum is likely to be randomly drawn from regional pools and accumulates over time, our data provide no support for increases in richness over time since deglaciation, as is commonly observed for plant communities. Re-analyses of existing datasets suggest that microbial, and particularly fungal, communities are insensitive to time since substrate exposure from underneath the retreating glacier, but are responsive to plant establishment both in biomass and community composition. Further research on functional aspects, organismal activity, or ecosystem services in early successional environments will provide deeper appreciation of the dynamics of these communities. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society