Nematodiasis gastrointestinal en caprinos de Ica, Perú

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats from four districts of the department of Ica, Peru, as well as to establish the association between the prevalence of these parasites with the variables age, sex and origin, determine the average parasite load and identify the genera and species of nematodes present. Stool samples were collected from 728 goats from the districts of Independencia, Humay, El Carmen and Chincha Baja between June and August 2017. For the identification and evaluation of the parasite load, the floatation techniques and modified McMaster were used. In addition, the techniques of Corticelli and modified Lai and Baermann were used for the culture and identification of the infective larvae (L3). A general prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of 67.6% (95% CI: 64.1-70.9) was obtained, being 92.5, 80.8, 59.1, 41.9% in the districts of Independencia, Humay, El Carmen and Chincha Baja, respectively. A significant association was found with all the variables under study (p<0.05). A prevalence of 63.7, 12.9 and 4.1% was determined for Strongylus (HTS), Skrjabinema spp and Trichuris spp eggs, respectively. The general geometric mean of the parasite load was HTS (259.4 hpg), Skrjabinema spp (70 hpg) and Trichuris spp (54.3 hpg), considered as low loads. The genera and species of infective lavas L3 cultured from HTS eggs were: Haemonchus spp (45%), Trichostrongylus spp (37%), Ostertagia spp (15%), Chabertia ovina (0.6%) and Cooperia spp (0.6%).El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de nematodos gastrointestinales en caprinos de cuatro distritos del departamento de Ica, Perú, así como establecer la asociación entre la prevalencia de estos parásitos con las variables edad, sexo y procedencia, determinar el promedio de carga parasitaria e identificar los géneros y especies de los nematodos presentes. Se colectaron muestras de heces de 728 cabras de los distritos de Independencia, Humay, El Carmen y Chincha Baja entre junio y agosto de 2017. Para la identificación y la evaluación de la carga parasitaria se emplearon las técnicas de flotación y McMaster Modificado, respectivamente. Además, se utilizaron las técnicas de Corticelli y Lai Modificado y Baermann para el cultivo e identificación de las larvas infectivas (L3). Se obtuvo una prevalencia general de nematodos gastrointestinales de 67.6% (IC 95%: 64.1-70.9), siendo de 92.5, 80.8, 59.1, 41.9% en los distritos de Independencia, Humay, El Carmen y Chincha Baja, respectivamente. Se encontró asociación significativa con todas las variables en estudio (p<0.05). Se determinó una prevalencia de 63.7, 12.9 y 4.1% para los huevos tipo Strongylus (HTS), Skrjabinema spp y Trichuris spp, respectivamente. El promedio de la media geométrica general de la carga parasitaria fue de HTS (259.4 hpg), Skrjabinema spp (70 hpg) y Trichuris spp (54.3 hpg), consideradas como cargas bajas. Los géneros y especies de lavas infectivas L3 cultivadas de huevos HTS fueron: Haemonchus spp (45%), Trichostrongylus spp (37%), Ostertagia spp (15%), Chabertia ovina (0.6%) y Cooperia spp (0.6%)

Fernando de Castro and the discovery of the arterial chemoreceptors

Producción CientíficaWhen de Castro entered the carotid body(CB)field,the organ was considered to be a small autonomic ganglion,a gland,a glomusorglomerulus,or a paraganglion. In his 1928 paper,de Castro concluded:“Insum,the Glomuscarotic umisinnervated by centripetal fibers,whose trophic center sare located in thesensory ganglia of the glossopharyngeal, and not by centrifugal[efferent] or secret o motor fibers a sisthe case for glands ; these are precisely the facts which lead to suppose that the Glomuscaroticumisa sensory organ.”A few pages down,de Castro wrote:“The Glomus represents an organ with multiplereceptors furnished with specialized receptor cells like those of the sensory organs [tastebuds?]...As aplausible hypothesis we propos et hattheGlomuscaroti cum represents a sensory organ, at present the only one in its kind, dedicated to capture certain qualitative variations in the composition of blood, a function that,possibly by are flex mechanism would have an effect on the functionalactivity of other organs... Therefore, thesensory fiber would not be directly stimulated by blood, but via the intermediation of the epithelial cell soft he organ, which, as their structures suggests, possess a secretory function which would participate in the stimulation of the centripetal fibers.”In our article we will recreat et he experiments that allowed Fernando de Castrotoreach this first conclusion. Also, we will scrutinize the natural endowment sand the scientific knowledge that drove de Castrotomaket the triple hypotheses : the CBaschemoreceptor (variationsinbloodcomposition),as a secondary sensory receptor which functioning involves a chemical synapse, and as a center, origin of systemicreflexes. After a brief account of the systemic reflex effects resulting from the CB stimulation, we wil lcomplete our article with a general view of the cellular-molecular mechanisms currently thought to be involved in the functionin go fthis arterial chemoreceptor

Síndrome urémico hemolítico: eco-epidemiología del enemigo que afecta la seguridad alimentaria

Escherichia coli verocitotoxigénico (VTEC) es un patógeno emergente asociado a casos de diarrea, colitis hemorrágica y síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH), del cual Argentina presenta el registro más alto de casos a nivel mundial. No existe tratamiento específico para el SUH, por lo que son fundamentales las estrategias de control y prevención. Los estudios se han centralizado en cepas del serotipo O157:H7, pero las infecciones asociadas a VTEC no-O157 tienen creciente importancia y representan nuevos desafíos para el diagnóstico y el control de VTEC. En este trabajo se evaluó el rol de distintas especies animales, medio ambiente y alimentos en la epidemiología de VTEC, se caracterizó la variabilidad genética y la virulencia de las cepas, y se estudiaron medidas de control. Las metodologías comprenden técnicas microbiológicas y de biología molecular. Los resultados confirman la amplia distribución de las cepas VTEC, demuestran su gran diversidad genética y la presencia de factores de virulencia asociados con enfermedad en el hombre. Las cepas estudiadas mostraron alta capacidad para sobrevivir en el ambiente. La exhaustiva caracterización de las cepas resalta el alto riesgo para la salud pública que representan.Trabajo presentado por el Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)

Cucumis metuliferus is resistant to root-knot nematode Mi1.2 gene (a)virulent populations and a promising melon rootstock

[EN] Pot experiments were carried out to characterize the response of two Cucumis metuliferus accessions against (a)virulent Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita or M. javanica populations, to Mi1.2 gene and to determine the compatibility and the effect on physicochemical properties of cantaloupe melon. In addition, histopathological studies were conducted. Plants were inoculated in 200 cm3 -pots with 1 J2 cm-3 24 of soil containing sterilized sand a week after transplanting and maintained in a growth chamber at 25 ºC for 40 days. The susceptible cucumber cv. Dasher II or melon cv. Paloma were included for comparison. The number of egg masses and number of eggs per plant were assessed, and the reproduction index (RI) was calculated as the percentage of eggs produced on the C. metuliferus accessions respect those produced on the susceptible cultivars. The compatibility and fruit quality was assessed grafting three scions (two of Charentais type) and one of type Piel de Sapo under commercial greenhouse conditions. The resistance level of both C. metuliferus accessions ranged from highly (RI < 1%) to resistant (1% ¿RI ¿ 10%) irrespective of Meloidogyne populations. Melon plants grafted onto C. metuliferus accession BGV11135 grew as selfgrafted plants and did not modify negatively fruit quality traits. Giant cells induced by RKN on C. metuliferus were mostly poor developed compared to those on cucumber. Furthermore, necrotic areas surrounding the nematode were observed. C. metuliferus accession BGV11135 could be a promising melon rootstock to manage Meloidogyne spp. irrespective of its (a)virulent Mi1.2 condition without melon fruit quality reduction.This work was supported by AGL2013-49040-C2-1-R, and AGL2014-53398-C2-2-R projects from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, and cofounded with FEDER Funds. The authors would like to thank Semillas Fito for providing melon cv. Paloma, Dr Christine Vos (Scientia Terrae Research Institute) for her English revision and critical comments of the manuscript and Dr Nuria Escudero (Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya) for her support and critical comments on the manuscript.Expósito, A.; Munera, M.; Giné, A.; López Gómez, M.; Cáceres-Burbano, A.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; Gisbert Domenech, MC.... (2018). Cucumis metuliferus is resistant to root-knot nematode Mi1.2 gene (a)virulent populations and a promising melon rootstock. Plant Pathology. 67:1161-1167. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12815S1161116767Cortada, L., Sorribas, F. J., Ornat, C., Kaloshian, I., & Verdejo-Lucas, S. (2008). Variability in infection and reproduction ofMeloidogyne javanicaon tomato rootstocks with theMiresistance gene. Plant Pathology, 57(6), 1125-1135. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01906.xDavis, A. R., Perkins-Veazie, P., Hassell, R., Levi, A., King, S. R., & Zhang, X. (2008). Grafting Effects on Vegetable Quality. HortScience, 43(6), 1670-1672. doi:10.21273/hortsci.43.6.1670Devran, Z., & Söğüt, M. A. (2010). Occurrence of virulent root-knot nematode populations on tomatoes bearing the Mi gene in protected vegetable-growing areas of Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 38(3), 245-251. doi:10.1007/s12600-010-0103-yDjian-Caporalino, C., Palloix, A., Fazari, A., Marteu, N., Barbary, A., Abad, P., … Castagnone-Sereno, P. (2014). Pyramiding, alternating or mixing: comparative performances of deployment strategies of nematode resistance genes to promote plant resistance efficiency and durability. BMC Plant Biology, 14(1), 53. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-14-53Giné, A., & Sorribas, F. J. (2016). Effect of plant resistance and BioAct WG (Purpureocillium lilacinumstrain 251) onMeloidogyne incognitain a tomato-cucumber rotation in a greenhouse. Pest Management Science, 73(5), 880-887. doi:10.1002/ps.4357Giné, A., & Sorribas, F. J. (2017). Quantitative approach for the early detection of selection for virulence of Meloidogyne incognita on resistant tomato in plastic greenhouses. Plant Pathology, 66(8), 1338-1344. doi:10.1111/ppa.12679Giné, A., López-Gómez, M., Vela, M. D., Ornat, C., Talavera, M., Verdejo-Lucas, S., & Sorribas, F. J. (2014). Thermal requirements and population dynamics of root-knot nematodes on cucumber and yield losses under protected cultivation. Plant Pathology, 63(6), 1446-1453. doi:10.1111/ppa.12217Giné, A., González, C., Serrano, L., & Sorribas, F. J. (2017). Population dynamics of Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber grafted onto the Cucurbita hybrid RS841 or ungrafted and yield losses under protected cultivation. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 148(4), 795-805. doi:10.1007/s10658-016-1135-zGisbert C Sorribas FJ Martínez EM Gammoudi N Bernat G Picó B 2014 Grafting melons onto potential Cucumis spp. rootstocks http://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2117/27982/Grafting%20melons.pdf?sequence=1Gisbert, C., Gammoudi, N., Munera, M., Giné, A., Pocurull, M., Sorribas, F. J., & Picó, M. B. (2017). Evaluation of two potentialCucumisspp. resources for grafting melons. Acta Horticulturae, (1151), 157-162. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2017.1151.25Guan, W., Zhao, X., Dickson, D. W., Mendes, M. L., & Thies, J. (2014). Root-knot Nematode Resistance, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Specialty Melons Grafted onto Cucumis metulifer. HortScience, 49(8), 1046-1051. doi:10.21273/hortsci.49.8.1046Hadisoeganda, W. W. (1982). Resistance of Tomato, Bean, Southern Pea, and Garden Pea Cultivars to Root-Knot Nematodes Based on Host Suitability. Plant Disease, 66(1), 145. doi:10.1094/pd-66-145Lee, J.-M., & Oda, M. (2010). Grafting of Herbaceous Vegetable and Ornamental Crops. Horticultural Reviews, 61-124. doi:10.1002/9780470650851.ch2Leonardi, C., Kyriacou, M. C., Gisbert, C., Oztekin, G. B., Mourão, I., & Rouphael, Y. (s. f.). Quality of grafted vegetables. Vegetable grafting: principles and practices, 216-244. doi:10.1079/9781780648972.0216Liu, B., Ren, J., Zhang, Y., An, J., Chen, M., Chen, H., … Ren, H. (2014). A new grafted rootstock against root-knot nematode for cucumber, melon, and watermelon. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35(1), 251-259. doi:10.1007/s13593-014-0234-5López-Gómez, M., Gine, A., Vela, M. D., Ornat, C., Sorribas, F. J., Talavera, M., & Verdejo-Lucas, S. (2014). Damage functions and thermal requirements ofMeloidogyne javanicaandMeloidogyne incognitaon watermelon. Annals of Applied Biology, 165(3), 466-473. doi:10.1111/aab.12154López-Gómez, M., Flor-Peregrín, E., Talavera, M., Sorribas, F. J., & Verdejo-Lucas, S. (2015). Population dynamics of Meloidogyne javanica and its relationship with the leaf chlorophyll content in zucchini. Crop Protection, 70, 8-14. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2014.12.015López-Gómez, M., Talavera, M., & Verdejo-Lucas, S. (2015). Differential reproduction ofMeloidogyne incognitaandM. javanicain watermelon cultivars and cucurbit rootstocks. Plant Pathology, 65(1), 145-153. doi:10.1111/ppa.12394Omwega, C. O. (1988). A Nondestructive Technique for Screening Bean Germ Plasm for Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita. Plant Disease, 72(11), 970. doi:10.1094/pd-72-0970Ornat, C., Verdejo-Lucas, S., & Sorribas, F. J. (2001). A Population of Meloidogyne javanica in Spain Virulent to the Mi Resistance Gene in Tomato. Plant Disease, 85(3), 271-276. doi:10.1094/pdis.2001.85.3.271Seinhorst, J. W. (1965). The Relation Between Nematode Density and Damage To Plants. Nematologica, 11(1), 137-154. doi:10.1163/187529265x00582Sikora, R. A., & Fernández, E. (s. f.). Nematode parasites of vegetables. Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture, 319-392. doi:10.1079/9780851997278.0319Sorribas, F. J., Ornat, C., Verdejo-Lucas, S., Galeano, M., & Valero, J. (2005). Effectiveness and profitability of the Mi-resistant tomatoes to control root-knot nematodes. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 111(1), 29-38. doi:10.1007/s10658-004-1982-xSoteriou, G. A., Kyriacou, M. C., Siomos, A. S., & Gerasopoulos, D. (2014). Evolution of watermelon fruit physicochemical and phytochemical composition during ripening as affected by grafting. Food Chemistry, 165, 282-289. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.120Talavera, M., Verdejo-Lucas, S., Ornat, C., Torres, J., Vela, M. D., Macias, F. J., … Sorribas, F. J. (2009). Crop rotations with Mi gene resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars for management of root-knot nematodes in plastic houses. Crop Protection, 28(8), 662-667. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2009.03.015Talavera, M., Sayadi, S., Chirosa-Ríos, M., Salmerón, T., Flor-Peregrín, E., & Verdejo-Lucas, S. (2012). Perception of the impact of root-knot nematode-induced diseases in horticultural protected crops of south-eastern Spain. Nematology, 14(5), 517-527. doi:10.1163/156854112x635850Thies, J. A., Ariss, J. J., Hassell, R. L., Olson, S., Kousik, C. S., & Levi, A. (2010). Grafting for Management of Southern Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in Watermelon. Plant Disease, 94(10), 1195-1199. doi:10.1094/pdis-09-09-0640Trionfetti Nisini, P., Colla, G., Granati, E., Temperini, O., Crinò, P., & Saccardo, F. (2002). Rootstock resistance to fusarium wilt and effect on fruit yield and quality of two muskmelon cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 93(3-4), 281-288. doi:10.1016/s0304-4238(01)00335-1Tzortzakakis, E. A., Adam, M. A. M., Blok, V. C., Paraskevopoulos, C., & Bourtzis, K. (2005). Occurrence of Resistance-breaking Populations of Root-knot Nematodes on Tomato in Greece. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 113(1), 101-105. doi:10.1007/s10658-005-1228-6Verdejo-Lucas, S., Cortada, L., Sorribas, F. J., & Ornat, C. (2009). Selection of virulent populations ofMeloidogyne javanicaby repeated cultivation ofMiresistance gene tomato rootstocks under field conditions. Plant Pathology, 58(5), 990-998. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02089.xVerdejo-Lucas, S., Talavera, M., & Andrés, M. F. (2012). Virulence response to the Mi.1 gene of Meloidogyne populations from tomato in greenhouses. Crop Protection, 39, 97-105. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2012.03.025WHITEHEAD, A. G., & HEMMING, J. R. (1965). A comparison of some quantitative methods of extracting small vermiform nematodes from soil. Annals of Applied Biology, 55(1), 25-38. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1965.tb07864.xYe, D.-Y., Qi, Y.-H., Cao, S.-F., Wei, B.-Q., & Zhang, H.-S. (2017). Histopathology combined with transcriptome analyses reveals the mechanism of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in Cucumis metuliferus. Journal of Plant Physiology, 212, 115-124. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2017.02.002Donkers-Venne, D. T. H. M., Fargette, M., & Zijlstra, C. (2000). Identification of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria using sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) based PCR assays. Nematology, 2(8), 847-853. doi:10.1163/15685410075011279

On the Metric Dimension of Cartesian Products of Graphs

A set S of vertices in a graph G resolves G if every vertex is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the vertices in S. The metric dimension of G is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set of G. This paper studies the metric dimension of cartesian products G*H. We prove that the metric dimension of G*G is tied in a strong sense to the minimum order of a so-called doubly resolving set in G. Using bounds on the order of doubly resolving sets, we establish bounds on G*H for many examples of G and H. One of our main results is a family of graphs G with bounded metric dimension for which the metric dimension of G*G is unbounded

Desarrollo de software sensible al contexto: Modelos para aplicaciones sensibles al contexto

El grupo Grupo de Ingeniería de Aplicaciones Sensibles al Contexto (GRISECO) ha desarrollado un modelo para aplicaciones sensibles al contexto, basado en capas (MASCO), que contempla todas las categorías de la información y tipos de entidades que caracterizan el contexto. El modelo considera el tratamiento de más de una variable de contexto, la relación de una entidad con más de una variable de contexto, como así también la interacción entre variables de contexto y entidades, servicios para más de una entidad o variable e incorpora toda la funcionalidad de Context Toolkit. El propósito de este proyecto es continuar el refinamiento, realizar la validación y evaluar el modelo aplicándolo en distintos dominios.Eje: Ingeniería de softwareRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Desarrollo de software sensible al contexto

Los Sistemas Informáticos fueron evolucionando desde aplicaciones científicas, comerciales y de escritorio, hasta el momento actual, en que pueden brindar servicios de acuerdo a la ubicación, tiempo y perfil del usuario. Las aplicaciones que brindan este tipo de funcionalidad se denominan Aplicaciones Sensibles al Contexto (CA – Context Aware), donde tienen predominancia los dispositivos móviles y el perfil del usuario. También va cambiando la forma de uso de la computadora, evolucionando desde brindar servicios a pedido del usuario hasta brindarlos en forma automática y extender la percepción y la interacción del usuario con el mundo real (realidad aumentada). La Ingeniería de Aplicaciones CA se ocupa de proporcionar un enfoque sistematizado para desarrollar este tipo de aplicaciones. El propósito de este proyecto es abarcar los aspectos de Ingeniería de Software para el desarrollo de aplicaciones CA.Eje: Ingeniería de SoftwareRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Sexual Relationships in Hispanic Countries: a Literature Review

This is a pre-print of an article published in Current Sexual Health Reports. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-020-00272-6Purpose of Review: Sexuality is a complex dimension for which culture seems to play an important role, particularly in countries that are more traditional. This review summarizes the knowledge about sexual relationships in Hispanic countries, considering sexual debut, attitudes, behaviors, and satisfaction. Recent Findings: In line with the literature reviewed, the sexual double standard seems to be continuing to influence sexual relationships. Some countries show more open expressions of sexuality based on the level of gender inequality or sexualized context, and within countries, variables such as religious commitment, family characteristics, and access to resources may play important roles in sexuality. Summary: Future research, policies, and interventions should consider these specific characteristics, including these forms of expression of sexuality, in the adjustment of cross-cultural and cross-national strategies