Rol de los brasinoesteroides en frutales con énfasis en condiciones de estrés abiótico: Una revisión

Climate change can cause stress events in crops, mainly due to changes in precipitation and temperature. Among the crops that are affected are fruit trees, a group of species of great importance due to their nutritional value in the human diet. These species can be affected by abiotic stress conditions due to changes in water availability, temperature and radiation. For this reason, different alternatives have been generated that could mitigate this affectation, such as the exogenous application of brassinosteroids (BR). BR play an important role in the growth and development of plants, it is also involved in the response of plants to abiotic stress through the regulation of solute concentration, stomatal opening, protection of the photosynthetic apparatus and the increase of the antioxidant capacity, mainly. This review article aims to synthesize the role of BR in the growth and development of fruit trees, as well as the role they play in the response to abiotic stress conditions, gene expression, and hormonal balance.  El cambio climático puede causar eventos de estrés en los cultivos, principalmente por los cambios generados sobre la precipitación y la temperatura. Dentro de los cultivos que se ven afectados se encuentran los frutales, un grupo de especies de gran importancia por su valor nutritivo en la dieta humana. Estas especies se pueden ver afectados por condiciones de estrés abiótico debido a cambios en la disponibilidad hídrica, la temperatura y la radiación. Por esta razón se han generado distintas alternativas que podrían mitigar dicha afectación, como la aplicación exógena de brasinoesteroides (BR). Los BR desempeñan un papel importante en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, además está involucrado en la respuesta de las plantas al estrés abiótico por medio de la regulación en la concentración de solutos, apertura estomática, protección del aparato fotosintético y el aumento de la capacidad antioxidante, principalmente. Este artículo de revisión busca sintetizar el papel de los brasinoesteroides en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los frutales, así como la función que desempeñan en la respuesta a condiciones de estrés abiótico, expresión génica y balance hormonal

La educación en psicología a través de la virtualidad

La educación en psicología a través de la virtualidad es la presentación de las investigaciones que se han realizado en Politécnico Grancolombiano sobre cómo educar (y mejorar el proceso educativo), desde la disciplina encargada de velar por la salud mental de las personas. A lo largo de estos capítulos se describen las mejores estrategias para mantener la educación virtual con los más altos estándares de calidad, para finalmente entender cómo proyectarnos en medio de los retos de ejercer una profesión que tradicionalmente se ha contextualizado en la presencialidad

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Association between serum tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels and mortality in patients with severe brain trauma injury.

OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play a role in neuroinflammation after brain trauma injury (TBI). Previous studies with small sample size have reported higher circulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in patients with TBI, but no association between those levels and mortality. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether serum TIMP-1 and MMP-9 levels are associated with mortality in patients with severe TBI. METHODS: This was a multicenter, observational and prospective study carried out in six Spanish Intensive Care Units. Patients with severe TBI defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) lower than 9 were included, while those with Injury Severity Score (ISS) in non-cranial aspects higher than 9 were excluded. Serum levels of TIMP-1, MMP-9 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and plasma levels of tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 plasma were measured in 100 patients with severe TBI at admission. Endpoint was 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Non-surviving TBI patients (n = 27) showed higher serum TIMP-1 levels than survivor ones (n = 73). We did not find differences in MMP-9 serum levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum TIMP-1 levels were associated 30-day mortality (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.001-1.013; P = 0.03). Survival analysis showed that patients with serum TIMP-1 higher than 220 ng/mL presented increased 30-day mortality than patients with lower levels (Chi-square = 5.50; P = 0.02). The area under the curve (AUC) for TIMP-1 as predictor of 30-day mortality was 0.73 (95% CI = 0.624-0.844; P<0.001). An association between TIMP-1 levels and APACHE-II score, TNF- alpha and TF was found. CONCLUSIONS: The most relevant and new findings of our study, the largest series reporting data on TIMP-1 and MMP-9 levels in patients with severe TBI, were that serum TIMP-1 levels were associated with TBI mortality and could be used as a prognostic biomarker of mortality in TBI patients

Multiple binomial logistic regression analysis of variables to predict 30-day mortality.

<p>TIMP  =  tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase; APACHE II  =  Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; GCS Glasgow Coma Scale</p

Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of survivor and non-survivor patients.

<p>P 25–75 = percentile 25^th–75^th; PaO₂ = pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction inspired oxygen; FIO₂  =  pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction inspired oxygen; ISS  =  Injury Severity Score; INR  =  international normalized ratio; aPTT  =  activated partial thromboplastin time; APACHE II  =  Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; ICP  =  intracranial pressure; CPP  =  cerebral perfusion pressure; TIMP  =  tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase; MMP  =  matrix metalloproteinase; TNF  =  tumor necrosis factor; PAI  =  plasminogen activator inhibitor</p

Receiver operation characteristic analysis using TIMP-1 serum levels as predictor of mortality at 30 days.

<p>Receiver operation characteristic analysis using TIMP-1 serum levels as predictor of mortality at 30 days.</p

Survival curves at 30 days using 220/mL of TIMP-1 serum levels as cut-off.

<p>Survival curves at 30 days using 220/mL of TIMP-1 serum levels as cut-off.</p

Correlation between serum TIMP-1 levels and other baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics.

<p>TIMP =  tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase; GCS =  Glasgow Coma Scale; TNF  =  tumor necrosis factor; PAI  =  plasminogen activator inhibitor; INR  =  international normalized ratio; aPTT  =  activated partial thromboplastin time; MMP  =  matrix metalloproteinase. Bonferroni correction to control the multiple testing problem (0.05/11 = 0.004) was used. Only <i>P</i>-values lower than 0.004 were considered statistically significant.</p