On the Effect of Radical Character, Substitution and Atom Encapsulation on the Volume of Icosahedral (Car) boranes1

By means of quantum-mechanical calculations, we study the influence of the charge, spin, substituents, and atom encapsulation on the volume of the cages in icosahedral boranes and carboranes B12H12 2–, CB11H12 –, o-C2B10H12, m- C2B10H12, p-C2B10H12 and 1,2-disubstituted o-C2B10H12.Monoradicals derived from hydrogen abstraction in o-C2B10H12, m-C2B10H12, p-C2B10H12 lead to slight cage contractions (|ΔV| < 0.1 Å3 ). On the other hand, 1,2-disubstitution in o-C2B10H12 and their dianions derived from double proton abstraction on the susbtituent, and {Li+, Be2+} atom encapsulation in B12H12 2–, CB11H12–, o-C2B10H12, m-C2B10H12, p-C2B10H12 always leads to a cage expansion, to a larger extent for endohedral compounds (ΔV ≈ 2 Å3 ) as compared to dianions derived from 1,2-disubstituted o-C2B10H12 (ΔV ≈ 1 Å3 ) and 1,2-disubstituted o-C2B10H12 (ΔV < 0.14 Å3 )

A two-locus genetic interaction between LPHN3 and 11q predicts ADHD severity and long-term outcome

The severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms is a major predictor of long-term ADHD outcome. To investigate if two-locus interactions might predict ADHD severity, we studied a sample of 1341 individuals from families clustering ADHD, using the Vanderbilt Assessment Scale for Parents. Latent class cluster analysis was used to construct symptom profiles and classify ADHD severity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning ADHD-linked chromosomal regions on chromosomes 4, 5, 10, 11, 12 and 17 were genotyped. SNPs associated with ADHD severity were identified and potential two-locus genetic interactions were tested. We found that SNPs within the LPHN3 gene interact with SNPs spanning the 11q region that contains DRD2 and NCAM1 not only to increase the risk of developing ADHD but also to increase ADHD severity. All these genes are identified to have a major role in shaping both brain development and function. These findings demonstrate that genetic interactions may predict the severity of ADHD, which in turn may predict long-term ADHD outcome

Measuring impairments of functioning and health in patients with axial spondyloarthritis by using the ASAS Health Index and the Environmental Item Set : translation and cross-cultural adaptation into 15 languages

Introduction: The Assessments of SpondyloArthritis international society Health Index (ASAS HI) measures functioning and health in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) across 17 aspects of health and 9 environmental factors (EF). The objective was to translate and adapt the original English version of the ASAS HI, including the EF Item Set, cross-culturally into 15 languages. Methods: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation has been carried out following the forward-backward procedure. In the cognitive debriefing, 10 patients/country across a broad spectrum of sociodemographic background, were included. Results: The ASAS HI and the EF Item Set were translated into Arabic, Chinese, Croatian, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Thai and Turkish. Some difficulties were experienced with translation of the contextual factors indicating that these concepts may be more culturally-dependent. A total of 215 patients with axial SpA across 23 countries (62.3% men, mean (SD) age 42.4 (13.9) years) participated in the field test. Cognitive debriefing showed that items of the ASAS HI and EF Item Set are clear, relevant and comprehensive. All versions were accepted with minor modifications with respect to item wording and response option. The wording of three items had to be adapted to improve clarity. As a result of cognitive debriefing, a new response option 'not applicable' was added to two items of the ASAS HI to improve appropriateness. Discussion: This study showed that the items of the ASAS HI including the EFs were readily adaptable throughout all countries, indicating that the concepts covered were comprehensive, clear and meaningful in different cultures

Actualidad y futuro de un programa de mejora en el ganado vacuno de raza retinta

We describe the present process of genetic improvement in Retinto cattle breed and the investigations supporting the selection program. The effects of different environmental factors have been analyzed. We have obtained the coefficients of correction for the significant effects for the repeatability of the variables and for the inbreeding coefficients. Also improvement plans are proposed.Se describen el proceso de mejora genética en ganado vacuno Retinto y los trabajos de investigación para proporcionar bases científicas al programa de selección. Se han analizado los efectos de distintas variables ambientales y obtenido coeficientes de corrección para los efectos significativos, la repetibilidades de los distintas variables y los coeficientes de consanguinidad para las poblaciones. Así mismo se proponen acciones de mejora para el futuro

Productive characterization of the Retinto beef cattle

We have studied 1863 animals, including males, females and offsprings, from the Retinto breed of cattle, belonging to different farmers in the Cadiz province. The effect of birth type, offspring sex, month of the birth, type of reproduction (artificial or natural insemination), age of the female and year of control, on weight and daily gains have been analyzed. These data can be used to characterize this breed.Se estudian 1863 animales de raza vacuna Retinta, entre crías madres y sementales, pertenecientes a ganaderías de la provincia de Cádiz, para inferir los efectos sobre pesos y ganancias diarias, del tipo de parto, el sexo del producto, mes de nacimiento, tipo de reproducción (I.A. o monta natural), edad de la madre, y año de control y contar asimismo con datos que permitan caracterizar la raza y fijar sus límites de fluctuación

Evaluación del rendimiento potencial de cuatro cultivares de batata (Ipomoea batatas (l.) lam.) en Corrientes

Sweet potatoe [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., Convolvulaceae family] is cultivated in the five continents, it is the seventh most cultivated food crop in the world and the third with commercial underground organs. In Argentina, the average yield is 14,9 tn ha-1 , which is considered low compared to other Latin American countries; particularly in the province of Corrientes sweet potatoe is produced with obsolete technology. The objective of this work has been to know the roots potential yield of four sweet potatoes cultivars under technical management in the agro-ecological conditions of the north of Corrientes Province. For this purpose, the experiment was carried out applying fertilization, integrated weed management and localized irrigation. The evaluated sanitized cultivares (cvs) of commercial interest had been: for short cycle Beauregarr and Arapey INIA, and for long cycle Morada INTA and Okinawa 100. For this, a randomized complete block design was used with four repetitions measuring variables such as: Number of Total (NRT), Commercial (NRC) and Non-Commercial (NRNC) Roots, Total Fresh Weight of Roots (PFT) of Commercial Roots (PFRC) and Non-Commercial Roots (PRNC) per m2 from which estimates were made per hectare. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (p <0.05). The cvs Okinawa 100 and Morada INTA achieved the highest yields with 72,79 and 55,29 tn ha-1 respectively, five-fold and three-fold the average yield of the Province of Corrientes was increased. The cvs Beauregard and Arapey INIA achieved 36.42 and 33,03 tn ha-1 respectively, two-fold increased the provincial average yield. The NRC and the NRNC did not differ statistically between the cultivars evaluated.La batata [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., familia Convolvulaceae] se cultiva en los cinco continentes, ubicándose en el séptimo lugar entre los cultivos alimenticios y en el tercero de los que tiene órganos comerciales subterráneos. En Argentina, el rendimiento promedio es de 14,9 tn ha-1, lo que se considera bajo respecto a otros países de Latinoamérica; particularmente en la provincia de Corrientes la batata se produce con tecnología obsoleta. El objetivo del trabajo ha sido conocer el potencial de rendimiento de raíces de batata de cuatro cultivares bajo manejo tecnificado, en las condiciones agroecológicas del norte de la Provincia de Corrientes. A este fin el experimento se llevó a cabo aplicando fertilización, control integrado de malezas y riego localizado. Los cultivares (cvs) saneados y de interés comercial sometidos a evaluación han sido: Beauregard y Arapey INIA, de ciclo corto y Morada INTA y Okinawa 100 de ciclo largo. Para ello se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones, registrándose variables como Número de Raíces Totales (NRT), Comerciales (NRC) y de No Comerciales (NRNC), Peso Fresco Total de Raíces (PFT), de las Comerciales (PFRC) y las No Comerciales (PFRNC) por m2 a partir de los cual se realizaron estimaciones por hectárea. Los resultados fueron sometidos al análisis de la varianza (ANOVA) y prueba de Tukey (p<0,05). Los cvs Okinawa 100 y Morada INTA, alcanzaron los mayores rendimientos con 72,79 y 55,29 tn ha-1 respectivamente, quintuplicando y triplicando el rendimiento promedio de la Provincia de Corrientes. Los cvs Beauregard y Arapey INIA rindieron 36,42 y 33,03 tn ha-1 respectivamente, duplicando el rendimiento promedio provincial. El NRC y el NRNC no difirieron estadísticamente entre los cultivares evaluados

Investigación cualitativa en mujeres víctimas de violencia de género

ObjetivoAnalizar la experiencia de mujeres víctimas de la violencia de género atendidas en centros de atención primaria desde el punto de vista de las mujeres.DiseñoInvestigación cualitativa interpretativa. Perspectiva fenomenológica.EmplazamientoEstudio multicéntrico en centros de salud urbanos.ParticipantesMujeres víctimas de la violencia de género (física, psíquica, sexual)atendidas en los centros de salud. Muestreo intencional y teórico hasta el punto de saturación. Criterios de segmentación: edad (jóvenes-edad media-ancianas); maltrato actual o pasado; detección en urgencies-consultas.Mediciones principalesRelatos biográficos y análisis de contenido de la transcripción literal de las grabaciones. Codificación mediante programa NUD-IST. Utilización para la interpretación de la Teoría Fundamentada.LimitacionesComplejidad del fenómeno de estudio. Proyección de la perspectiva del investigador. Volumen ingente de datos. Se proponen estrategias para mejorar la credibilidad, la conformabilidad y la transferibilidad.Aplicabilidad prácticaMejorar el conocimiento de la situación de las mujeres víctimas de la violencia doméstica desde una perspectiva no directiva, lo que permitirá mejorar la calidad de las intervenciones.ObjectiveTo analyse, from the point of view of the women, the experience of women who are victims of male violence and attended at primary care centres.DesignInterpretative, qualitative research. Phenomenological perspective.SettingMulti-centre study in urban health centres.ParticipantsWomen victims of male violence (physical, psychological, or sexual) seen at health centres. Intention andtheoretical sampling to saturation point.Segmentation criteria: age (young/middle-aged/elderly); current or past ill-treatment; detection in casualty/consultations.Main measurementsBiographical accounts and content analysis of recordings’ literal transcription. Coding through the NUDIST programme. Use for interpreting Well-Founded Theory.LimitationsComplexity of the phenomenon under study. Projection of researcher’s perspective. Huge amount of data. Strategies are proposed for increasing credibility, conformity and transferability.Practical useTo improve understanding of the situation of women who are victims of domestic violence, from a non-directive perspective that enables the quality of interventions to be improved

Designing for shape memory in additive manufacturing of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are functional materials that are being applied in practically all industries, from aerospace to biomedical sectors, and at present the scientific and technologic communities are looking to gain the advantages offered by the new processing technologies of additive manufacturing (AM). However, the use of AM to produce functional materials, like SMAs, constitutes a real challenge due to the particularly well controlled microstructure required to exhibit the functional property of shape memory. In the present work, the design of the complete AM processing route, from powder atomization to laser powder bed fusion for AM and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), is approached for Cu-Al-Ni SMAs. The microstructure of the different processing states is characterized in relationship with the processing parameters. The thermal martensitic transformation, responsible for the functional properties, is analyzed in a comparative way for each one of the different processed samples. The present results demonstrate that a final post-processing thermal treatment to control the microstructure is crucial to obtain the expected functional properties. Finally, it is demonstrated that using the designed processing route of laser powder bed fusion followed by a post-processing HIP and a final specific thermal treatment, a satisfactory shape memory behavior can be obtained in Cu-Al-Ni SMAs, paving the road for further applications

A cooperative interaction between LPHN3 and 11q doubles the risk for ADHD

In previous studies of a genetic isolate, we identified significant linkage of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to 4q, 5q, 8q, 11q and 17p. The existence of unique large size families linked to multiple regions, and the fact that these families came from an isolated population, we hypothesized that two-locus interaction contributions to ADHD were plausible. Several analytical models converged to show significant interaction between 4q and 11q (P<1 × 10−8) and 11q and 17p (P<1 × 10−6). As we have identified that common variants of the LPHN3 gene were responsible for the 4q linkage signal, we focused on 4q–11q interaction to determine that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) harbored in the LPHN3 gene interact with SNPs spanning the 11q region that contains DRD2 and NCAM1 genes, to double the risk of developing ADHD. This interaction not only explains genetic effects much better than taking each of these loci effects by separated but also differences in brain metabolism as depicted by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and pharmacogenetic response to stimulant medication. These findings not only add information about how high order genetic interactions might be implicated in conferring susceptibility to develop ADHD but also show that future studies of the effects of genetic interactions on ADHD clinical information will help to shape predictive models of individual outcome