Normalizing flow-based deep variational Bayesian network for seismic multi-hazards and impacts estimation from InSAR imagery

Onsite disasters like earthquakes can trigger cascading hazards and impacts, such as landslides and infrastructure damage, leading to catastrophic losses; thus, rapid and accurate estimates are crucial for timely and effective post-disaster responses. Interferometric Synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data is important in providing high-resolution onsite information for rapid hazard estimation. Most recent methods using InSAR imagery signals predict a single type of hazard and thus often suffer low accuracy due to noisy and complex signals induced by co-located hazards, impacts, and irrelevant environmental changes (e.g., vegetation changes, human activities). We introduce a novel stochastic variational inference with normalizing flows derived to jointly approximate posteriors of multiple unobserved hazards and impacts from noisy InSAR imagery

A moda no MASP de Pietro Maria Bardi (1947-1987)

O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar a centralidade das ações ligadas à moda e à formação da Seção de Costumes do MASP no projeto de museu e na concepção de arte de Pietro Maria Bardi no período 1947-1987, e como tais ações teriam sido relevantes para a instituição de uma visualidade e uma história para a moda nacional. Demonstra-se como a trajetória de P. M. Bardi na Itália, ou seja, sua atuação como galerista e comerciante de artes, jornalista, bem como seu contato com a ideologia e as ações do Regime Fascista no campo das artes e da moda, influenciou diretamente suas ações em relação ao design de moda. Essas ideias e experiências foram fundamentais para direcionar sua atuação no MASP e, em especial suas iniciativas na área do design. Nota-se ainda como a atuação de Bardi no campo do design de moda foi também influenciada pelas ideias propagadas pela Bauhaus e Le Corbusier, assim como por seu olhar estrangeiro, que acaba por levá-lo a recuperar, nas referentes iniciativas, as tradições e a cultura brasileiras, gerando uma produção que dialoga com o modernismo brasileiro, uma vez que usa a experiência internacional para valorizar o nacional

There And Back Again: Exploring The Impact Of Deforestation And Desiccation On InSAR Phase

244 pagesDepending on one’s perspective, surface properties and processes can be either a source of noise or the target of remote sensing observations of the Earth. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), a satellite-borne geodetic method that is used to constrain deformation of the Earth’s surface, is one such remote sensing technique that is impacted by dynamic surface states. In this dissertation, I view surface processes from both the perspective of a noise source to be mitigated in studies of ground deformation, and an independent measure of surface dynamics. In particular, I quantify the impact of mid-time series forest disturbance on InSAR estimates of secular and time variable ground displacement, particularly in regions that experience a significant degree of clearcutting, such as the American Pacific Northwest and Sumatra. I show how the contribution of forest disturbance can introduce either random error or systematic bias into time series estimation depending on satellite geometry, and propose a method for mitigating the contribution of forest disturbance using a priori knowledge of tree loss with independent, optically derived datasets. I then turn my focus to the impact of soil moisture variability on InSAR phase. First, I present a method to invert a dataset derived from a measure of InSAR data quality, known as coherence, that separates different causes of data quality variation over time and in hyper-arid regions where little to no vegetation is present. One product of this inversion is a relative soil moisture metric at each data point in time, and I compare this metric with a variety of other remote sensing and data assimilation soil moisture products over the southern Arabian Peninsula following two extreme rain events in 2018. I find that the coherence-derived metric agrees well with other datasets, but the timescale for which the moisture signal is present after a rain event is significantly longer than other datasets, suggesting that the coherence metric is sensitive to a different part of the soil moisture signal. Finally, I shift focus and analyze the impact of soil moisture on InSAR phase, with the goal of modeling and mitigating the increased amount of phase scatter caused by soil moisture variability. This dissertation presents important advances towards the collective aim to fully characterize how land cover and ground characteristics contribute to InSAR phase

Modeling coseismic slip of the 2012 Nicoya Peninsula earthquake, Costa Rica : roles of megathrust geometry and surface displacement

Geomorphic and geodetic measurements of coseismic surface displacement due to the reported MW=7.6 2012 Nicoya earthquake are unprecedented datasets due to their location so near to the region of subduction zone slip (Protti et al. 2014). This unique situation presents an opportunity for an in-depth analysis of the plate interface geometry on which the earthquake occurred, and the surface displacement measurements constraining coseismic slip estimations. A strike-and-dip variant surface Geometry S (Hayes et al., 2012) is compared to two dipvariant segmented planes used in published analyses of the 2012 earthquake (Yue et al., 2013; Protti et al., 2014). Coseismic slip estimated on Geometry S yielded a MW=7.7 earthquake, producing 1.3x more moment than the published values. This is consistent with the depth contrast between Geometry S and the segmented planes, where the deeper surface geometry requires more slip to predict an equivalent amount of surface displacement. This result presents the possibility that the 2012 Nicoya Peninsula earthquake was larger than originally estimated, which has relevance to future earthquake hazards and signifies the importance of considering the true geometry of the plate interface when estimating earthquake slip from surface displacement data. Densely spaced geomorphic measurements of coseismic vertical displacement were taken along the SW coast of the Nicoya Peninsula, revealing local heterogeneities in deformation not captured by the sparser geodetic data. In addition to the spacing difference, a consistent disparity in vertical displacement of ~15 cm exists between the larger geomorphic to geodetic irecords. The vertical displacements predicted by the estimated slip distributions fit the geomorphic data significantly better than the discrepancy between measurement techniques, both in the context of spatial distribution and magnitude. This signifies that the slip distribution models can successfully fit local heterogeneities revealed by an independent dataset. A brief postseismic analysis is also performed, comparing preliminary results of geomorphic and geodetic measurements. This research has relevance to both Nicoya seismicity and earthquake research worldwide, as large-scale and interdisciplinary analysis of these unprecedented data provides novel insight into how we model earthquakes and analyze their hazards