Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in scholars from Bucaramanga, Colombia: a population-based study

Background: Obesity and metabolic syndrome are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, thus the increasing trend in their prevalence among children and adolescents from developing countries requires a further understanding of their epidemiology and determinants. Methods and design: A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 6–10 year-old children from Bucaramanga, Colombia. A two-stage random-cluster (neighborhoods, houses) sampling process was performed based on local city maps and local statistics. The study involves a domiciliary survey; including a comprehensive sociodemographic, nutritional and physical activity characterization of the children that participated in the study, followed by a complete clinical examination; including blood pressure, anthropometry, lipid profile determination, fasting glucose and insulin levels. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome will be determined using definitions and specific percentile cut-off points for this population. Finally, the association between components of metabolic syndrome and higher degrees of insulin resistance will be analyzed through a multivariable logistic regression model. This study protocol was designed in compliance with the Helsinki declaration and approved by the local ethics board. Consent was obtained from the children and their parents/guardians. Discussion: A complete description of the environmental and non-environmental factors underlying the burden of metabolic syndrome in children from a developing country like Colombia will provide policy makers, health care providers and educators from similar settings with an opportunity to guide primary and secondary preventive initiatives at both individual and community levels. Moreover, this description may give an insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms mediating the development of cardio-metabolic diseases early in life

Preparación y caracterización de carbón activado a partir de torta de higuerilla

Biomass residues have been used to produce activated carbons. On this process, the activation method and the raw composition determine the properties as porosity and surface area of the charcoal. After the extraction of castor oil, there is a solid byproduct (cake) of low added value, which was used in the production of activated carbon to add value to this waste. For this purpose two traditional methods were used, first, physical activation using as activating agents steam, CO2 and mixture of both, and additionally chemical activation using K2CO3 as the activating agent. Some activated carbons were characterized using N2 adsorption isotherms, BET surface areas varied between 255.98 (m2/g) and 1218.43 (m2/g). By SEM and EDS analysis was possible to observe that materials obtained by the two types of activation are principally amorphous and morphological characteristics of the carbon obtained by physical activation are very different from those obtained by chemical activation. Finally, through impregnation of inorganic phases of Ni and Mo was revealed that the high dispersion characteristics, these carbonaceous materials will have potential to be used as catalyst support.Los residuos de biomasa han sido usados para la producción de carbones activados, en este proceso, el método para obtenerlos y la materia prima determinan propiedades como la porosidad y área superficial del carbón. Tras la extracción del aceite de higuerilla se genera un subproducto sólido (torta) de difícil salida, que fue usado en la producción de carbón activado, en busca de la valorización de este residuo sólido. Para tal fin se emplearon dos métodos tradicionales. En primer lugar, activación física usando como agentes activantes vapor de agua, CO2 y una mezcla de estos gases, adicionalmente se realizó activación química usando K2CO3 como agente activante. Algunos de los carbones obtenidos fueron caracterizados usando isotermas de adsorción/desorción de N2 donde se lograron áreas superficiales BET entre 255,98 (m2/g) y 1218,43 (m2/g), del análisis por SEM y EDS se encontró que los materiales obtenidos por ambos tipos de activación son principalmente amorfos y que las características morfológicas de los carbones obtenidos mediante activación física son muy diferentes de los obtenidos por activación química. Finalmente, a través de impregnación con sales de Ni y Mo se evidenció que por características como la alta dispersión obtenida, estos materiales carbonosos presentan un potencial para ser usados como soporte catalítico

Atrial proarrhythmic effect of lead as one of the PM10 metal components of air pollution. An in-silico study

[EN] Particulate matter (PM) is considered the most severe environmental pollution problem due to its serious effects on human health associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this work, a physicochemical characterization of PM10 from the city of Medellin was developed. The results evince that lead (Pb) is one of the most abundant elements since it is present in all analyzed samples. Therefore, Pb was chosen to perform an in-silico study to assess its effects on atrial arrhythmias generation. For this purpose, we developed a model representing the Pb2+ blocking effect on the L-type calcium channel. This formulation was incorporated in a human atrial cell mathematical model and in 2D and 3D models of human atria. The simulations showed a proarrhythmic effect at high Pb2+ concentrations, through shortening of action potential duration inducing the generation of reentrant activity and atrial flutter. The results contribute to the knowledge about the cardiac physiopathological processes, triggered by lead as one of the main PM10 metal components of air pollution, that yields the generation of arrhythmias.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologi a e Innovacion MINCIENCIAS from Colombia, through grant No. 120677757994; and by the Direccion General de Politica Cientifica de la Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO/2020/043.Palacio, LC.; Pachajoa, DC.; Durango-Giraldo, G.; Zapata-Hernández, C.; Ugarte, JP.; Saiz Rodríguez, FJ.; Buitrago-Sierra, R.... (2021). Atrial proarrhythmic effect of lead as one of the PM10 metal components of air pollution. An in-silico study. PLoS ONE. 16(10):1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258313S117161

Vulvovaginal yeast infections during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal yeast infections in pregnancy are common and can cause extensive inflammation, which could contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Symptomatic yeast infections are likely to cause more inflammation than asymptomatic. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between symptomatic and asymptomatic vulvovaginal yeast infections in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. METHODS We did a systematic review and searched eight databases until 01 July 2022. We included studies reporting on pregnant women with and without laboratory confirmed vulvovaginal yeast infection and preterm birth or eight other perinatal outcomes. We used random effects meta-analysis to calculate summary odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and prediction intervals for the association between yeast infection and outcomes. We described findings from studies with multivariable analyses. We assessed the risk of bias using published tools. RESULTS We screened 3909 references and included 57 studies. Only 22/57 studies reported information about participant vulvovaginal symptoms. Preterm birth was an outcome in 35/57 studies (49,161 women). In 32/35 studies with available data, the summary OR from univariable analyses was 1.01 (95% CI 0.84-1.21, I2 60%, prediction interval 0.45-2.23). In analyses stratified by symptom status, we found ORs of 1.44 (95% CI 0.92-2.26) in two studies with ≥ 50% symptomatic participants, 0.84 (95% CI 0.45-1.58) in seven studies with < 50% symptomatic participants, and 1.12 (95% CI 0.94-1.35) in four studies with asymptomatic participants. In three studies with multivariable analysis, adjusted ORs were greater than one but CIs were compatible with there being no association. We did not find associations between vulvovaginal yeast infection and any secondary outcome. Most studies were at high risk of bias in at least one domain and only three studies controlled for confounding. CONCLUSIONS We did not find strong statistical evidence of an increased risk for preterm birth or eight other adverse perinatal outcomes, in pregnant women with either symptomatic or asymptomatic vulvovaginal yeast infection. The available evidence is insufficient to make recommendations about testing and treatment of vulvovaginal yeast infection in pregnancy. Future studies should assess vulvovaginal symptoms, yeast organism loads, concomitant vaginal or cervical infections, and microbiota using state-of-the-art diagnostics. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020197564

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in scholars from Bucaramanga, Colombia : a population-based study

Q11-6Background Obesity and metabolic syndrome are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, thus the increasing trend in their prevalence among children and adolescents from developing countries requires a further understanding of their epidemiology and determinants

Randomized clinical trial to compare the traditional teaching method and the simulated-scenario teaching method in the acquisition of skills for the identification of acute respiratory disease signs in paediatric patients

Introducción. La infección respiratoria aguda es un problema de salud pública en menores de 5 años; la detección e identificación tempranas de sus signos disminuye la mortalidad en este grupo de edad y es una meta de la formación médica. Objetivo. Comparar en estudiantes de medicina el método educativo tradicional y el escenario simulado para el reconocimiento de signos de enfermedad respiratoria aguda en niños de 2 meses a 5 años. Sujetos y métodos. Se realizó un ensayo clínico para estudiantes de medicina, aleatorizados en dos grupos: A (clase teórica y ayudas audiovisuales) y B (escenario simulado). El desenlace primario fue el desempeño en la evaluación global. Se realizó prueba de Mann-Withney Wilcoxon para comparación entre grupos y Mann-Withney Wilcoxon pareada para análisis intragrupo (antes y después de la intervención). Resultados. Mediante prueba de Mann-Withney Wilcoxon pareada intragrupo pre y postintervención, el grupo A mostró mejor un desarrollo de competencias en el desenlace primario (p = 0,02) y en la evaluación global del escenario simulado (p = 0,04). El grupo B logró cambios significativos en el desenlace primario (p = 0,00), la anamnesis (p = 0,00) y la evaluación global del escenario simulado (p = 0,00). En la evaluación postintervención no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el desenlace primario ni secundario. Conclusiones. La comparación postintervención entre los grupos A y B no mostró diferencias significativas en ninguna de las variables estudiadas entre ambos grupos.Artículo original269-274Paciente pediátricoIntroduction. The acute respiratory infection is a public health problem in children under 5 years of age. The early detection and identification of its signs reduces the mortality rates in these age groups and is an objective in medical education. Aim. To compare the traditional teaching method with the simulated-scenario teaching method in the acquisition of skills necessary to recognize respiratory distress in children between 2 months and 5 years of age by medical students. Subjects and methods. A clinical trial was done for medical students and they were divided into two randomized groups: group A which used the traditional teaching method and group B, which used the simulated-scenario method. The primary outcomes were seen in the global evaluation performances. A Mann-Withney Wilcoxon test was used for the comparison among groups and a paired Mann-Withney Wilcoxon test was used for the intra-group analysis (before and after the intervention). Results. When using the paired Mann-Withney Wilcoxon intragroup test pre and post intervention, group A showed a better skill development in the primary outcome (p = 0.02) and the global evaluation in simulated scenario (p = 0.04). On the other hand, group B reached significant changes on the primary outcomes (p = 0.00), anamnesis (p = 0.00) and global evaluation with the simulated-scenario method (p = 0.00). It was observed that in the post-intervention evaluation there weren’t any significant differences between the primary and secondary outcomes. Conclusions. The post-intervention comparison between groups A and B didn’t show significant differences in the studied variables between both groups

Terapia con pregabalina versus bloqueos intervencionistas en dolor neuropático: Un estudio de cohorte

Objective: tcompare the decrease in pain in patients with pregabalin therapy versus interventional blocks. Materials and methods: retrospective cohort study that included patients older than 18 years diagnosed with neuropathic pain from a reference center in Pereira, Colombia, between the years 2010-2016. The outcome was assessed at three months in each cohort and was defined as the change in pain intensity according to the visual analog pain scale. The comparison between cohorts and the effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated through repeated measures analysis with the generalized estimating equation. Results: a total of 1451 patients with pain were selected, of these, only 94 met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-two (66%) patients received a pharmacological scheme with pregabalin, and 32 patients (34%) underwent blockages. The pain intensity prior to pregabalin treatment was 7.3 ± 1.8 and 8.9 ± 1.2 in the group with blocks, p = 0.005. The intensity of posterior pain in the group with pregabalin was 3.5 ± 2.4, with an average improvement of 53.9%, while in the group with blocks, it was 2.5 ± 2 with an average improvement of 70.7%. Interventional management reduces pain 2.09 times more compared to pregabalin therapy (p &lt;0.001). Conclusions: the use of interventional blocks in the treatment of neuropathic pain should be considered in patients with moderate to severe neuropathic pain.Objetivo: comparar la disminución en el dolor en pacientes con terapia con pregabalina frente a bloqueos intervencionistas. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, se reclutó pacientes mayores de 18 años diagnosticados con dolor de tipo neuropático de centro de referencia de la ciudad de Pereira, Colombia, entre los años 2010 a 2016. Se evaluó la variación en la intensidad del dolor. La comparación entre cohortes y la efectividad de la intervención se evaluó a través del análisis de medias repetidas con la ecuación de estimación generalizada. Resultados: se incluyeron 94 pacientes con dolor neuropático. A 62 (66%) pacientes se les formuló un esquema farmacológico con pregabalina y a 32 (34%) pacientes se les realizó bloqueos. La intensidad del dolor previa al tratamiento con pregabalina fue de 7,3 ± 1,8 y de 8,9 ± 1,2 en el grupo con bloqueos, p=0,005. La intensidad del dolor posterior en el grupo con pregabalina fue de 3,5 ± 2,4, con una mejoría media de 53,9%, mientras que en el grupo con bloqueos fue del 2,5 ± 2 con una mejoría media de 70,7%. El manejo intervencionista logró una reducción 2,09 veces mayor comparada con la pregabalina (p&lt;0,001). Conclusiones: el empleo de bloqueos intervencionistas en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático debe ser considerado en pacientes con dolor neuropático moderado a severo

Pelvic MRI findings in relapsed prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy

Little is known about the clinical impact of using multiparametric MRI to plan early salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and location of recurrence based on pelvic multiparametric MRI findings and to identify clinical variables predictive of positive imaging results. We defined radiological criteria of local and lymph node malignancy and reviewed records and MRI studies of 70 patients with PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to identify any association between clinical, pathological and treatment-related variables and imaging results. Multiparametric MRI was positive in 33/70 patients. We found local and lymph node recurrence in 27 patients and 7 patients, respectively, with a median PSA value of 0.38 ng/ml. We found no statistically significant differences between patients with positive and negative multiparametric MRI for any variable. Shorter PSADT was associated with positive lymph nodes (median PSADT: 5.12 vs 12.70 months; p: 0.017). Nearly half the patients had visible disease in multiparametric MRI despite low PSA. Positive lymph nodes incidence should be considered when planning salvage radiotherapy, particularly in patients with a short PSADT

Terapia con pregabalina versus bloqueos intervencionistas en dolor neuropático: Un estudio de cohorte

Objetivo: comparar la disminución en el dolor en pacientes con terapia con pregabalina frente a bloqueos intervencionistas. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, se reclutó pacientes mayores de 18 años diagnosticados con dolor de tipo neuropático de centro de referencia de la ciudad de Pereira, Colombia, entre los años 2010 a 2016. Se evaluó la variación en la intensidad del dolor. La comparación entre cohortes y la efectividad de la intervención se evaluó a través del análisis de medias repetidas con la ecuación de estimación generalizada. Resultados: se incluyeron 94 pacientes con dolor neuropático. A 62 (66%) pacientes se les formuló un esquema farmacológico con pregabalina y a 32 (34%) pacientes se les realizó bloqueos. La intensidad del dolor previa al tratamiento con pregabalina fue de 7,3 ± 1,8 y de 8,9 ± 1,2 en el grupo con bloqueos, p=0,005. La intensidad del dolor posterior en el grupo con pregabalina fue de 3,5 ± 2,4, con una mejoría media de 53,9%, mientras que en el grupo con bloqueos fue del 2,5 ± 2 con una mejoría media de 70,7%. El manejo intervencionista logró una reducción 2,09 veces mayor comparada con la pregabalina (p<0,001). Conclusiones: el empleo de bloqueos intervencionistas en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático debe ser considerado en pacientes con dolor neuropático moderado a severo

La experiencia de aprender a sentir: relatos de maestras y maestros en torno a la relación técnicas somáticas y socioemocionalidad

111 páginasEn la investigación Corporeidad, técnicas somáticas y socioemocionalidad, desarrollada en 2021 por el IDEP, se invitó a maestras y maestros a relatar la experiencia encarnada y emocionada durante el proceso investigativo. La idea fue que reflexionaran, organizaran sus ideas, dialogaran consigo mismos y con el mundo y, de esta manera, hicieran su aporte particular a la innovación educativa a partir de recrear en los escritos su propio crecimiento y experiencia específica vivida en/desde el componente formativo de la investigación. También, para que estos relatos motiven a otras maestras y maestros a crecer como personas en su acto de enseñar, en su didáctica o a reconocer a sus estudiantes como auténticos(as) otros(as)