Crossing gazes: The various others in the movie Santiago

Este trabalho está inserido em uma pesquisa que investiga os modos através dos quais jovens estudantes de Pedagogia e Comunicação da Grande Porto Alegre experimentam e se relacionam com a imagem cinematográfica. Este estudo propõe um recorte específico em seus dados e base teórica: indagar de que forma a narrativa cinematográfica nos coloca na presença do outro. Temos como ponto de partida o documentário Santiago, de João Moreira Salles, e os dados empíricos da pesquisa, compostos por entrevistas individuais com estudantes sobre sua relação com a imagem, e produções textuais de alunos sobre a experiência com filmes específicos trabalhados em sala de aula. Nesse percurso, entenderemos, junto com Didi-Huberman, que a imagem supõe uma cisão do ato de ver, que faz com que aquilo que olhamos nos olhe também. No filme escolhido, esses olhares se multiplicam: há um cruzamento de olhares dentro de Santiago, entre cineasta e entrevistado, patrão e mordomo, cineasta e material bruto; e esses olhares encontram e refletem, ainda, o olhar do espectador. Esses vários outros podem abrir questionamentos em relação à imagem e ao pensamento nela presente. Afinal, a imagem cinematográfica, segundo Badiou, é uma espécie de matéria-prima através da qual o cinema “pensa”; ela traz à tona, também, a experiência radical do outro. Segundo Carlos Skliar, essa irrupção do outro nos devolve nosso próprio “ser outro”. No entrelaçamento desses conceitos e dos dados empíricos a respeito da experiência dos jovens com a imagem, que narram transformações de si resultantes desse contato, buscamos pensar também o cinema como formação ético-estética, partindo das reflexões de Michel Foucault acerca do cuidado consigo como prática ética de liberdade.Palavras-chave: outro, cinema, experiência.This work is part of a research that investigates the ways in which students of Education and Communication in Greater Porto Alegre experience and relate to the film image. This study proposes a specific focus on its data and theoretical basis: investigating how film narrative puts us in the presence of the other. Our starting points are the documentary Santiago, by João Moreira Salles, and the empirical research data, composed of individual interviews with students about their relation with image and textual productions on their experience with specific movies worked in the classroom. We understand, along with Didi-Huberman, that the image assumes a split of the act of seeing, in which what we look at looks back at us. In this movie, these looks are multiplied: there is a crossing of gazes within Santiago, between filmmaker and interviewee, employer and steward, director and raw materials; and all these gazes also meet and reflect the viewer’s gaze. These various others may open questions regarding image and the thought it presents. After all, the film image, according to Badiou, is a kind of raw material through which the cinema “thinks”; it also brings out the radical experience of the other. According to Carlos Skliar, this outburst of the other gives us back our own “being other”. In the intertwining of these concepts and empirical data on young people’s experience of image, in which they narrate self-transformation as a result of this contact, we try to think cinema also as a form of ethical and aesthetic education, starting from Michel Foucault’s reflections about care for the self as an ethical practice of freedom.Keywords: other, cinema, experience

3-Methylcrotonyl CoA Carboxylase Deficiency: Disorder or Just a Biochemical Phenotype?

Introduction: 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (MCCD) was considered extremely rare before newborn screening (NBS) was undertaken but is now found in a number of asymptomatic babies or sometimes their mothers. This disorder of leucine metabolism, is the commonest organic aciduria found by screening, with a incidence of about 1:32 392 in our country. The clinical phenotype has been shown to vary considerably, ranging from entirely asymptomatic to death in infancy. A review of the literature on 37 individuals indicates that only 27% developed normally and stayed completely asymptomatic. Approximately 30% were reported to suffer from muscular hypotonia and psychomotor retardation, and almost half suffer from various other neurological symptoms. Even a lethality of 11% was observed. The metabolic phenotype characterizing MCCD is the elevated excretion of the diagnostic compounds 3-methylcrotonylglycine and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, and the presence of abnormally elevated blood levels of 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine (C5-OH), as determined by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Patient and methods: The authors present a symptomatic case with an increase of C5-OH in the acylcarnitine profile who have a developmental delay. Blood spot samples from newborns are collected between day 3 and 6 in Watman 903 filter paper. Acylcarnitines in samples are analysed by MS/MS. Genes MCCA and MCCB that encodes the enzyme 3-MCC were studied by reported methods. Results: The molecular study has allowed the identification of the compound heterozygous in this patient: the frameshift mutation p.S173FfsX25 and the missense mutation p.V339M. Both mutations are described in the literature. Discussion: The newborn screening identification of a patient which developed symptoms seems to indicate that this disease should be included in NBS programs. More studies are needed to find genetic and/or biochemical markers that explain why a relatively small number of individuals are at risk of developing a severe disease phenotype. Another important reason to include MCCD in our panel is that other disorders are also detected by the marker C5OH; for example deficiencies of holocarboxylase synthetase, and 3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase

Isolated cutaneous lesions in paracoccidioidomycosis: a suggestive case of acquisition through cutaneous inoculation

Not applicabl

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with chronic granulomatous disease: the Spanish experience

Children; Chronic granulomatous disease; Graft failureNens; Malaltia granulomatosa crònica; Fracàs de l'empeltNiños; Enfermedad granulomatosa crónica; Fracaso del injertoIntroduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) can cure chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). However, transplant-associated morbidity or mortality may occur, and it is still controversial which patients benefit from this procedure. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of pediatric patients who received HCT in one of the Spanish pediatric transplant units. Results: Thirty children with a median age of 6.9 years (range 0.6–12.7) were evaluated: 8 patients received a transplant from a sibling donor (MSD), 21 received a transplant from an unrelated donor (UD), and 1 received a haploidentical transplant. The majority of the patients received reduced-intensity conditioning regimens based on either busulfan plus fludarabine or treosulfan. Relevant post-HCT complications were as follows: i) graft failure (GF), with a global incidence of 28.26% (CI: 15.15–48.88), 11.1% in patients with MSD (1.64–56.70) and 37.08% in unrelated donors (19.33–63.17); and ii) chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), with an incidence of 20.5% (8.9–43.2), 11.1% in patients with MSD (1.64–56.70) and 26.7% in unrelated donors (10.42–58.44). Post-HCT infections were usually manageable, but two episodes of pulmonary aspergillosis were diagnosed in the context of graft rejection. The 2-year OS was 77.3% (55.92–89.23). There were no statistically significant differences among donor types. Discussion: HCT in patients with CGD is a complex procedure with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in patients who receive grafts from unrelated donors. These factors need to be considered in the decision-making process and when discussing conditioning and GVHD prophylaxis

Action and coping plans related to the behavior of adherence to drug therapy among coronary heart disease outpatients

OBJETIVO: analisar os planos de ação e de enfrentamento de obstáculos, relacionados ao comportamento de adesão à terapia medicamentosa, elaborados por pacientes coronariopatas, em seguimento ambulatorial, e identificar as barreiras percebidas para adoção desse comportamento. MÉTODO: os participantes (n=59) foram convidados a elaborar planos de ação (action planning) e de enfrentamento de obstáculos (coping planning) para o comportamento de adesão aos medicamentos cardioprotetores e de alívio dos sintomas. RESULTADOS: foram evidenciados planos de ação específicos para a tomada dos medicamentos que associaram o comportamento a marcadores temporais e ao ciclo vigília/sono. Os obstáculos mais frequentemente relatados foram o esquecimento e a ausência de rotina nas atividades de vida diária. Os planos de enfrentamento, elaborados para superar o esquecimento, foram os mais específicos. CONCLUSÃO: os achados deste estudo subsidiam a aplicação da implementação da intenção para otimizar a adesão de coronariopatas à terapia medicamentosa.OBJETIVO: analizar los planes de acción y de enfrentamiento de obstáculos relacionados al comportamiento de adhesión a la terapia medicamentosa, elaborados por pacientes con coronariopatía en seguimiento de ambulatorio e identificar las barreras percibidas para adopción de este comportamiento. MÉTODO: los participantes (n=59) fueron invitados a elaborar planes de acción (action planning) y de enfrentamiento de obstáculos (coping planning) para el comportamiento de adhesión a los medicamentos cardio-protectores y de alivio de los síntomas. RESULTADOS: fueron evidenciados planes de acción específicos para la tomada de los medicamentos que asociaron el comportamiento a marcadores temporales y al ciclo vigilia sueño. Los obstáculos más frecuentemente relatados fueron el olvido y la ausencia de rutina en las actividades de vida diaria. Los planes de enfrentamiento elaborados para superar el olvido fueron los más específicos. CONCLUSIÓN: los hallazgos de este estudio subvencionan la aplicación de la implementación de la intención para optimizar la adhesión de pacientes con coronariopatía a la terapia medicamentosa.OBJECTIVE: to analyze the action and coping plans related to the behavior of adhering to drug therapy, developed by coronary heart disease (CHD) outpatients, and to identify the barriers perceived to adopting this behavior. METHODS: the participants (n=59) were invited to formulate action plans and coping plans for the behavior of adhering to the cardio-protective medications and the symptom-relief medications. RESULTS: specific action plans for taking the medications associated with temporal markers and the sleep-wake cycle were shown. The most frequently reported obstacles were forgetfulness and absence of routine in daily living activities. The coping plans for overcoming forgetfulness were the most specific. CONCLUSION: this study's findings support the application of implementation intentions aimed at optimizing adherence to drug therapy among patients with CHD

Gut eukaryotic communities in pigs : diversity, composition and host genetics contribution

Background. The pig gut microbiome harbors thousands of species of archaea, bacteria, viruses and eukaryotes such as protists and fungi. However, since the majority of published studies have been focused on prokaryotes, little is known about the diversity, host-genetic control, and contributions to host performance of the gut eukaryotic counterparts. Here we report the first study that aims at characterizing the diversity and composition of gut commensal eukaryotes in pigs, exploring their putative control by host genetics, and analyzing their association with piglets body weight. Results. Fungi and protists from the faeces of 514 healthy Duroc pigs of two sexes and two different ages were characterized by 18S and ITS ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The pig gut mycobiota was dominated by yeasts, with a high prevalence and abundance of Kazachstania spp. Regarding protists, representatives of four genera (Blastocystis, Neobalantidium, Tetratrichomonas and Trichomitus) were predominant in more than the 80% of the pigs. Heritabilities for the diversity and abundance of gut eukaryotic communities were estimated with the subset of 60d aged piglets (N = 390). The heritabilities of α-diversity and of the abundance of fungal and protists genera were low, ranging from 0.15 to 0.28. A genome wide association study reported genetic variants related to the fungal α-diversity and to the abundance of Blastocystis spp. Annotated candidate genes were mainly associated with immunity, gut homeostasis and metabolic processes. Additionally, we explored the association of gut commensal eukaryotes with piglet body weight. Our results pointed to a positive contribution of fungi from the Kazachstania genus, while protists displayed both positive (Blastocystis and Entamoeba) and negative (Trichomitus) associations with piglet body weight. Conclusions. Our results point towards a minor and taxa specific genetic control over the diversity and composition of the pig gut eukaryotic communities. Moreover, we provide evidences of the associations between piglets' body weight after weaning and members from the gut fungal and protist eukaryote community. Overall, this study highlights the relevance of considering, along with that of bacteria, the contribution of the gut eukaryote communities to better understand host-microbiome association and their role on pig performance, welfare and health

Integrative review: behavioral interventions for physical activity practice

This study aimed to carry out an integrative literature review on the effectiveness of interventions in physical activity (PA) practice in the general population. The search was carried out in articles indexed in online databases: Scopus, CINAHL and Medline. Studies in English or Brazilian Portuguese were included, with evidence levels 2 or 3, published between 2004 and 2008. The final sample consisted of 14 studies. In 57.1% of the studies, interventions were effective for behavior change to practice PA. The diversity of target populations, assessment instruments and intervention designs makes it difficult to compare results and build evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for PA promotion.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión integrativa de la literatura sobre la efectividad de intervenciones en la realización de Actividad Física (AF) en la población general. La búsqueda fue realizada en los artículos on line indexados en las bases de datos Scopus, Medline y Cinahl. Fueron incluidos estudios en lengua inglesa o portuguesa de Brasil, con nivel de evidencia 2 o 3, publicados entre 2004 y 2008. La muestra final fue compuesta por 14 estudios. En 57,1% de los estudios las intervenciones fueron efectivas para realizar cambios de comportamiento relacionados a la AF, sin embargo, pocas fueron basadas en teorías. La diversidad de las poblaciones objetivo, de los instrumentos de evaluación y de las intervenciones, dificulta la comparación de los resultados y la construcción de evidencias sobre la efectividad de intervenciones para la promoción de AF.Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a efetividade de intervenções na realização de Atividade Física (AF) na população geral. A busca foi realizada nos artigos on line indexados nas bases de dados Scopus, Medline e Cinahl. Foram incluídos estudos em língua inglesa ou portuguesa do Brasil, com nível de evidência 2 ou 3, publicados entre 2004 e 2008. A amostra final foi composta por 14 estudos. Em 57,1% dos estudos, as intervenções foram efetivas para a mudança do comportamento para realizar AF, porém, poucas foram baseadas em teoria. A diversidade das populações alvo, dos instrumentos de avaliação e das intervenções dificulta a comparação dos resultados e a construção de evidências sobre a efetividade de intervenções para a promoção de AF

Leveraging host-genetics and gut microbiota to determine immunocompetence in pigs

The gut microbiota influences host performance playing a relevant role in homeostasis and function of the immune system. The aim of the present work was to identify microbial signatures linked to immunity traits and to characterize the contribution of host-genome and gut microbiota to the immunocompetence in healthy pigs. To achieve this goal, we undertook a combination of network, mixed model and microbial-wide association studies (MWAS) for 21 immunity traits and the relative abundance of gut bacterial communities in 389 pigs genotyped for 70K SNPs. The heritability (h 2 ; proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the host genetics) and microbiability (m 2 ; proportion of variance explained by the microbial composition) showed similar values for most of the analyzed immunity traits, except for both IgM and IgG in plasma that was dominated by the host genetics, and the haptoglobin in serum which was the trait with larger m 2 (0.275) compared to h 2 (0.138). Results from the MWAS suggested a polymicrobial nature of the immunocompetence in pigs and revealed associations between pigs gut microbiota composition and 15 of the analyzed traits. The lymphocytes phagocytic capacity (quantified as mean fluorescence) and the total number of monocytes in blood were the traits associated with the largest number of taxa (6 taxa). Among the associations identified by MWAS, 30% were confirmed by an information theory network approach. The strongest confirmed associations were between Fibrobacter and phagocytic capacity of lymphocytes (r = 0.37), followed by correlations between Streptococcus and the percentage of phagocytic lymphocytes (r = -0.34) and between Megasphaera and serum concentration of haptoglobin (r = 0.26). In the interaction network, Streptococcus and percentage of phagocytic lymphocytes were the keystone bacterial and immune-trait, respectively. Overall, our findings reveal an important connection between gut microbiota composition and immunity traits in pigs, and highlight the need to consider both sources of information, host genome and microbial levels, to accurately characterize immunocompetence in pigs. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-021-00138-9

A precarização do trabalho e a desumanização psicossocial em produções cinematográficas

In this essay, we put in question the future of an illusion of modernity established in technological advances and in the neoliberal dynamic of work organization, through the interpretative analysis of two cinematographic productions that expose the dynamics of human exploitation instrumentalized by the modernization of the modes of (re)production of work. The analysis is established through two contrasting images: a hypothetical future established in the past, through Modern Times; and a contemporary record of precarious work in the documentary Estou me guardando para quando o carnaval chegar. The aim is to critically highlight the transformations that have occurred in the world of work, technological advances and the ideal of modernization, and their implications for the psychosocial dimension. The methodological path of analyzing nuclei of meaning is adopted, in conjunction with Socio-historical Psychology. The results indicate the organization of the city as an expression of psychosocial (re)ordering based on modes of production; the dehumanizing rhythm of workers' treadmills and entrepreneurs' sewing machines; the precariousness of work in contemporary times that produces (apparent) erasures in the social tensions arising from the social organization of work, (re)producing an internalization of neoliberal coordinates as ways of organizing the psyche itself. It is concluded that the (re)production of models of psychosocial precariousness/dehumanization empty and individualize the ethical-political dimension of suffering resulting from this (dis)organization of work, subjectivity and mental health.    En este artículo cuestionamos el futuro de una ilusión de modernidad, establecida en los avances tecnológicos y las dinámicas neoliberales de organización del trabajo, a través del análisis interpretativo de dos producciones cinematográficas que exponen las dinámicas de explotación humana instrumentalizadas por la defensa de una modernización del Modos de (re)producción del trabajo. El análisis se establece a través de dos imágenes contrastantes: un futuro hipotético establecido en el pasado, a través de Tiempos Modernos; y un registro contemporáneo del trabajo precario en el documental Estou me guardando para quando o carnaval chegar. El objetivo es resaltar críticamente las transformaciones ocurridas en el mundo del trabajo, los avances tecnológicos y el ideal de modernización, y sus implicaciones para la dimensión psicosocial. Se adopta el camino metodológico de análisis de núcleos de significado, en conjunto con la Psicología Sociohistórica. Los resultados indican la organización de la ciudad como expresión de un (re)ordenamiento psicosocial basado en modos de producción; el ritmo deshumanizador de las cintas de correr de los trabajadores y de las máquinas de coser de los empresarios; la precariedad del trabajo en la época contemporánea que produce (aparentes) borraduras en las tensiones sociales que surgen de la organización social del trabajo, (re)produciendo una internalización de las coordenadas neoliberales como formas de organizar la psique. Se concluye que la (re)producción de modelos de precariedad/deshumanización psicosocial vacían e individualizan la dimensión ético-política del sufrimiento resultante de esta (des)organización del trabajo, la subjetividad y la salud mental.Neste artigo, questiona-se o futuro de uma ilusão de modernidade, estabelecida nos avanços tecnológicos e na dinâmica neoliberal de organização do trabalho, por meio da análise interpretativa de duas produções cinematográficas que expõem a dinâmica de exploração humana instrumentalizada pela defesa de uma modernização dos modos de (re)produção do trabalho. Consideram-se imagens provenientes de um futuro hipotético vindo do passado, retratados no filme Tempos modernos, em contraposição a um registro contemporâneo do trabalho precarizado no documentário Estou me guardando para quando o carnaval chegar. Objetiva-se evidenciar criticamente as transformações ocorridas no mundo do trabalho, os avanços tecnológicos e o ideal de modernização, bem como suas implicações para a dimensão psicossocial. Adota-se o percurso metodológico da análise de núcleos de significação, em articulação com a Psicologia Sócio-histórica. Os resultados indicam a organização da cidade como expressão da (re)ordenação psicossocial a partir dos modos de produção; o ritmo desumanizante das esteiras de operários e das máquinas de costura dos empreendedores; a precarização do trabalho na contemporaneidade que produz apagamentos (aparentes) nas tensões sociais decorrentes da organização social do trabalho, (re)produzindo uma internalização de coordenadas neoliberais como modos de organização do próprio psiquismo. Conclui-se que a (re)produção de modelos de precarização/desumanização psicossocial esvaziam e individualizam a dimensão ético-política do sofrimento decorrente dessa (des)organização do trabalho, subjetividade e saúde mental.