150 research outputs found
The Relationship of Language Function of Adults with Autism to the Speech of Their Mothers
A developmental analysis of communication between mothers and infants with Down's syndrome
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68850/2/10.1177_027112148300300110.pd
Sleep, emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents.
Links between sleep and psychopathology are complex and likely bidirectional. Sleep problems and alteration of normal sleep patterns have been identified in major forms of child psychopathology including anxiety, depression and attention disorders as well as symptoms of difficulties in the full range. This review summarizes some key findings with regard to the links between sleep and associated difficulties in childhood and adolescence. It then proposes a selection of possible mechanisms underlying some of these associations. Suggestions for future research include the need to 1) use multi-methods to assess sleep; 2) measure sleep in large-scale studies; 3) conduct controlled experiments to further establish the effects of sleep variations on emotional and behavioral difficulties; 4) take an interdisciplinary approach to further understand the links between sleep and associated difficulties
Road traffic noise and children's inattention
BACKGROUND: An increasing number of children are exposed to road
traffic noise levels that may lead to adverse effects on health
and daily functioning. Childhood is a period of intense growth
and brain maturation, and children may therefore be especially
vulnerable to road traffic noise. The objective of the present
study was to examine whether road traffic noise was associated
with reported inattention symptoms in children, and whether this
association was mediated by sleep duration. METHODS: This study
was based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Parental
reports of children's inattention at age 8 were linked to
modelled levels of residential road traffic noise. We
investigated the association between inattention and noise
exposure during pregnancy (n = 1934), noise exposure averaged
over 5 years (age 3 to 8 years; n = 1384) and noise exposure at
age 8 years (n = 1384), using fractional logit response models.
The participants were children from Oslo, Norway. RESULTS: An
association with inattention at age 8 years was found for road
traffic noise exposure at age 8 years (coef = .0083, CI =
[.0012, .0154]; 1.2% point increase in inattention score per 10
dB increase in noise level), road traffic noise exposure average
for the last 5 years (coef = .0090, CI = [.0016, .0164]; 1.3%
point increase/10 dB), and for pregnancy road traffic noise
exposure for boys (coef = .0091, CI = [.0010, .0171]), but not
girls (coef = -.0021, CI = [-.0094, .0053]). Criteria for doing
mediation analyses were not fulfilled. CONCLUSION: Results
indicate that road traffic noise has a negative impact on
children's inattention. We found no mediation by sleep duration
Technology transfer in the agricultural research service: Implications of federal / private sector, and federal / university partnerships to commercialization strategies
Rick Brenner reminds the audience that the USDA helps drive continuous innovation through science and technology by forming Cooperative research and Development agreements (CRADAs) with research institutions and the private sector. The Office of technology transfer in the ARS is key in facilitating these partnerships and in transferring research outcomes for broad beneficial use by the public and agricultural industries of the United States and other nations. Given recent concerns about rising petroleum prices, the United States will be increasing research emphasis on new, environmentally favorable crops for industrial uses representing new economic opportunities for farmers and reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels. There is renewed hope that the most prosperous era in American agricultural history is dawning to meet continuing and expanding national needs
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