12 research outputs found
One-carbon metabolism biomarkers and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
Item does not contain fulltex
One-carbon metabolism biomarkers and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
Published associations between dietary folate and bladder cancer risk are inconsistent. Biomarkers may provide more accurate measures of nutrient status. This nested case-control analysis within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) investigated associations between pre-diagnostic serum folate, homocysteine, vitamins B6 and B12 and the risk of urothelial cell carcinomas of the bladder (UCC). A total of 824 patients with newly diagnosed UCC were matched with 824 cohort members. Serum folate, homocysteine, and vitamins B6 and B12 were measured. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for total, aggressive, and non-aggressive UCC were estimated using conditional logistic regression with adjustment for smoking status, smoking duration and intensity, and other potential confounders. Additionally, statistical interaction with smoking status was assessed. A halving in serum folate concentrations was moderately associated with risk of UCC (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98-1.43), in particular aggressive UCC (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.02-1.75; p-heterogeneity = 0.19). Compared to never smokers in the highest quartile of folate concentrations, this association seemed only apparent among current smokers in the lowest quartile of folate concentrations (OR: 6.26; 95% CI: 3.62-10.81, p-interaction = 0.07). Dietary folate was not associated with aggressive UCC (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.81-1.95; p-heterogeneity = 0.14). No association was observed between serum homocysteine, vitamins B6 and B12 and risk of UCC. This study suggests that lower serum folate concentrations are associated with increased UCC risk, in particular aggressive UCC. Residual confounding by smoking cannot be ruled out and these findings require confirmation in future studies with multiple measurements.Peer reviewe
One-carbon metabolism biomarkers and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
Published associations between dietary folate and bladder cancer risk
are inconsistent. Biomarkers may provide more accurate measures of
nutrient status. This nested case-control analysis within the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) investigated
associations between pre-diagnostic serum folate, homocysteine, vitamins
B6 and B12 and the risk of urothelial cell carcinomas of the bladder
(UCC). A total of 824 patients with newly diagnosed UCC were matched
with 824 cohort members. Serum folate, homocysteine, and vitamins B6 and
B12 were measured. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)
for total, aggressive, and non-aggressive UCC were estimated using
conditional logistic regression with adjustment for smoking status,
smoking duration and intensity, and other potential confounders.
Additionally, statistical interaction with smoking status was assessed.
A halving in serum folate concentrations was moderately associated with
risk of UCC (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98-1.43), in particular aggressive UCC
(OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.02-1.75; p-heterogeneity = 0.19). Compared to
never smokers in the highest quartile of folate concentrations, this
association seemed only apparent among current smokers in the lowest
quartile of folate concentrations (OR: 6.26; 95% CI: 3.62-10.81,
p-interaction = 0.07). Dietary folate was not associated with aggressive
UCC (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.81-1.95; p-heterogeneity = 0.14). No
association was observed between serum homocysteine, vitamins B6 and B12
and risk of UCC. This study suggests that lower serum folate
concentrations are associated with increased UCC risk, in particular
aggressive UCC. Residual confounding by smoking cannot be ruled out and
these findings require confirmation in future studies with multiple
measurements
Variety in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Lung Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Background: We investigated whether a varied consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with lower lung cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Methods: After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,613 of 452,187 participants with complete information were diagnosed with lung cancer. Diet diversity scores (DDS) were used to quantify the variety in fruit and vegetable consumption. Multivariable proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between DDS and lung cancer risk. All models were adjusted for smoking behavior and the total consumption of fruit and vegetables. Results: With increasing variety in vegetable subgroups, risk of lung cancer decreases [hazard ratios (HR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64-0.94 highest versus lowest quartile; P trend = 0.02]. This inverse association is restricted to current smokers (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93 highest versus lowest quartile; P trend = 0.03). In continuous analyses, in current smokers, lower risks were observed for squamous cell carcinomas with more variety in fruit and vegetable products combined (HR/two products, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.95), vegetable subgroups (HR/subgroup, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97), vegetable products (HR/two products, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.96), and fruit products (HR/two products, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97). Conclusion: Variety in vegetable consumption was inversely associated with lung cancer risk among current smokers. Risk of squamous cell carcinomas was reduced with increasing variety in fruit and/or vegetable consumption, which was mainly driven by the effect in current smokers. Impact: Independent from quantity of consumption, variety in fruit and vegetable consumption may decrease lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2278-86. (C) 2010 AACR
Fluid intake and the risk of urothelial cell carcinomas in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Results from previous studies investigating the association between
fluid intake and urothelial cell carcinomas (UCC) are inconsistent. We
evaluated this association among 233,236 subjects in the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), who had
adequate baseline information on water and total fluid intake. During a
mean follow-up of 9.3 years, 513 first primary UCC occurred. At
recruitment, habitual fluid intake was assessed by a food frequency
questionnaire. Multivariable hazard ratios were estimated using Cox
regression stratified by age, sex and center and adjusted for energy
intake, smoking status, duration of smoking and lifetime intensity of
smoking. When using the lowest tertile of intake as reference, total
fluid intake was not associated with risk of all UCC (HR 1.12; 95% CI
0.86-1.45, p-trend = 0.42) or with risk of prognostically high-risk UCC
(HR 1.28; 95% CI 0.85-1.93, p-trend = 0.27) or prognostically low-risk
UCC (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.65-1.33, p-trend = 0.74). No associations were
observed between risk of UCC and intake of water, coffee, tea and herbal
tea and milk and other dairy beverages. For prognostically low-risk UCC
suggestions of an inverse association with alcoholic beverages and of a
positive association with soft drinks were seen. Increased risks were
found for all UCC and prognostically low-risk UCC with higher intake of
fruit and vegetable juices. In conclusion, total usual fluid intake is
not associated with UCC risk in EPIC. The relationships observed for
some fluids may be due to chance, but further investigation of the role
of all types of fluid is warranted
Fluid intake and the risk of urothelial cell carcinomas in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Results from previous studies investigating the association between fluid intake and urothelial cell carcinomas (UCC) are inconsistent. We evaluated this association among 233,236 subjects in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), who had adequate baseline information on water and total fluid intake. During a mean follow-up of 9.3 years, 513 first primary UCC occurred. At recruitment, habitual fluid intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression stratified by age, sex and center and adjusted for energy intake, smoking status, duration of smoking and lifetime intensity of smoking. When using the lowest tertile of intake as reference, total fluid intake was not associated with risk of all UCC (HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.45, p-trend = 0.42) or with risk of prognostically high-risk UCC (HR 1.28; 95% CI 0.85-1.93, p-trend = 0.27) or prognostically low-risk UCC (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.65-1.33, p-trend = 0.74). No associations were observed between risk of UCC and intake of water, coffee, tea and herbal tea and milk and other dairy beverages. For prognostically low-risk UCC suggestions of an inverse association with alcoholic beverages and of a positive association with soft drinks were seen. Increased risks were found for all UCC and prognostically low-risk UCC with higher intake of fruit and vegetable juices. In conclusion, total usual fluid intake is not associated with UCC risk in EPIC. The relationships observed for some fluids may be due to chance, but further investigation of the role of all types of fluid is warranted
Fluid intake and the risk of urothelial cell carcinomas in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Results from previous studies investigating the association between fluid intake and urothelial cell carcinomas (UCC) are inconsistent. We evaluated this association among 233,236 subjects in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), who had adequate baseline information on water and total fluid intake. During a mean follow-up of 9.3 years, 513 first primary UCC occurred. At recruitment, habitual fluid intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression stratified by age, sex and center and adjusted for energy intake, smoking status, duration of smoking and lifetime intensity of smoking. When using the lowest tertile of intake as reference, total fluid intake was not associated with risk of all UCC (HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.45, p-trend = 0.42) or with risk of prognostically high-risk UCC (HR 1.28; 95% CI 0.85-1.93, p-trend = 0.27) or prognostically low-risk UCC (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.65-1.33, p-trend = 0.74). No associations were observed between risk of UCC and intake of water, coffee, tea and herbal tea and milk and other dairy beverages. For prognostically low-risk UCC suggestions of an inverse association with alcoholic beverages and of a positive association with soft drinks were seen. Increased risks were found for all UCC and prognostically low-risk UCC with higher intake of fruit and vegetable juices. In conclusion, total usual fluid intake is not associated with UCC risk in EPIC. The relationships observed for some fluids may be due to chance, but further investigation of the role of all types of fluid is warranted
Consumption of meat and fish and risk of lung cancer: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Evidence from case-control studies, but less so from cohort studies,
suggests a positive association between meat intake and risk of lung
cancer. Therefore, this association was evaluated in the frame of the
European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, EPIC. Data
from 478,021 participants, recruited from 10 European countries, who
completed a dietary questionnaire in 1992-2000 were evaluated; 1,822
incident primary lung cancer cases were included in the present
evaluation. Relative risk estimates were calculated for categories of
meat intake using multi-variably adjusted Cox proportional hazard
models. In addition, the continuous intake variables were calibrated by
means of 24-h diet recall data to account for part of the measurement
error. There were no consistent associations between meat consumption
and the risk of lung cancer. Neither red meat (RR = 1.06, 95% CI
0.89-1.27 per 50 g intake/day; calibrated model) nor processed meat (RR
= 1.13, 95% CI 0.95-1.34 per 50 g/day; calibrated model) was
significantly related to an increased risk of lung cancer. Also,
consumption of white meat and fish was not associated with the risk of
lung cancer. These findings do not support the hypothesis that a high
intake of red and processed meat is a risk factor for lung cancer
The Role of Smoking and Diet in Explaining Educational Inequalities in Lung Cancer Incidence
Studies in many countries have reported higher lung cancer incidence and
mortality in individuals with lower socioeconomic status.
To investigate the role of smoking in these inequalities, we used data
from 391 251 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into
Cancer and Nutrition study, a cohort of individuals in 10 European
countries. We collected information on smoking (history and quantity),
fruit and vegetable consumption, and education through questionnaires at
study entry and gathered data on lung cancer incidence for a mean of 8.4
years. Socioeconomic status was defined as the highest attained level of
education, and participants were grouped by sex and region of residence
(Northern Europe, Germany, or Southern Europe). Relative indices of
inequality (RIIs) of lung cancer risk unadjusted and adjusted for
smoking were estimated using Cox regression models. Additional analyses
were performed by histological type.
During the study period, 939 men and 692 women developed lung cancer.
Inequalities in lung cancer risk (RIImen = 3.62, 95% confidence
interval [CI] = 2.77 to 4.73, 117 vs 52 per 100 000 person-years for
lowest vs highest education level; RIIwomen = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.77 to
3.21, 46 vs 25 per 100 000 person-years) decreased after adjustment for
smoking but remained statistically significant (RIImen = 2.29, 95% CI =
1.75 to 3.01; RIIwomen = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.18 to 2.13). Large RIIs were
observed among men and women in Northern European countries and among
men in Germany, but inequalities in lung cancer risk were reverse (RIIs
< 1) among women in Southern European countries. Inequalities differed
by histological type. Adjustment for smoking reduced inequalities
similarly for all histological types and among men and women in all
regions. In all analysis, further adjustment for fruit and vegetable
consumption did not change the estimates.
Self-reported smoking consistently explains approximately 50% of the
inequalities in lung cancer risk due to differences in education
Variety in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Risk of Lung Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Background: We investigated whether a varied consumption of vegetables
and fruits is associated with lower lung cancer risk in the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study.
Methods: After a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 1,613 of 452,187
participants with complete information were diagnosed with lung cancer.
Diet diversity scores (DDS) were used to quantify the variety in fruit
and vegetable consumption. Multivariable proportional hazards models
were used to assess the associations between DDS and lung cancer risk.
All models were adjusted for smoking behavior and the total consumption
of fruit and vegetables.
Results: With increasing variety in vegetable subgroups, risk of lung
cancer decreases [hazard ratios (HR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval
(CI), 0.64-0.94 highest versus lowest quartile; P trend = 0.02]. This
inverse association is restricted to current smokers (HR, 0.73; 95% CI,
0.57-0.93 highest versus lowest quartile; P trend = 0.03). In continuous
analyses, in current smokers, lower risks were observed for squamous
cell carcinomas with more variety in fruit and vegetable products
combined (HR/two products, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.95), vegetable
subgroups (HR/subgroup, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97), vegetable products
(HR/two products, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.96), and fruit products (HR/two
products, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97).
Conclusion: Variety in vegetable consumption was inversely associated
with lung cancer risk among current smokers. Risk of squamous cell
carcinomas was reduced with increasing variety in fruit and/or vegetable
consumption, which was mainly driven by the effect in current smokers.
Impact: Independent from quantity of consumption, variety in fruit and
vegetable consumption may decrease lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2278-86. (C) 2010 AACR