148 research outputs found
Minimum time aircraft trajectories between two points in range altitude space
Calculus of variations used to determine minimum time aircraft trajectories between two fixed points in range-altitude spac
Doppler Effect of Nonlinear Waves and Superspirals in Oscillatory Media
Nonlinear waves emitted from a moving source are studied. A meandering spiral
in a reaction-diffusion medium provides an example, where waves originate from
a source exhibiting a back-and-forth movement in radial direction. The periodic
motion of the source induces a Doppler effect that causes a modulation in
wavelength and amplitude of the waves (``superspiral''). Using the complex
Ginzburg-Landau equation, we show that waves subject to a convective Eckhaus
instability can exhibit monotonous growth or decay as well as saturation of
these modulations away from the source depending on the perturbation frequency.
Our findings allow a consistent interpretation of recent experimental
observations concerning superspirals and their decay to spatio-temporal chaos.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Convective and absolute Eckhaus instability leading to modulated waves in a finite box
We report experimental study of the secondary modulational instability of a
one-dimensional non-linear traveling wave in a long bounded channel. Two
qualitatively different instability regimes involving fronts of spatio-temporal
defects are linked to the convective and absolute nature of the instability.
Both transitions appear to be subcritical. The spatio-temporal defects control
the global mode structure.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures (ReVTeX 4 and amsmath.sty), final versio
Infective Endocarditis in the U.S., 1998–2009: A Nationwide Study
Background: Previous studies based on local case series estimated the annual incidence of endocarditis in the U.S. at about 4 per 100,000 population. Small-scale studies elsewhere have reported similar incidence rates. However, no nationally-representative population-based studies have verified these estimates. Methods and findings: Using the 1998–2009 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, which provides diagnoses from about 8 million U.S. hospitalizations annually, we examined endocarditis hospitalizations, bacteriology, co-morbidities, outcomes and costs. Hospital admissions for endocarditis rose from 25,511 in 1998 to 38, 976 in 2009 (12.7 per 100,000 population in 2009). The age-adjusted endocarditis admission rate increased 2.4% annually. The proportion of patients with intra-cardiac devices rose from 13.3% to 18.9%, while the share with drug use and/or HIV fell. Mortality remained stable at about 14.5%, as did cardiac valve replacement (9.6%). Other serious complications increased; 13.3% of patients in 2009 suffered a stroke or CNS infection, and 5.5% suffered myocardial infarction. Amongst cases with identified pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common, increasing from 37.6% in 1998 to 49.3% in 2009, 53.3% of which were MRSA. Streptococci were mentioned in 24.7% of cases, gram-negatives in 5.6% and Candida species in 1.0%. We detected no inflection in hospitalization rates after changes in prophylaxis recommendations in 2007. Mean age rose from 58.6 to 60.8 years; elderly patients suffered higher rates of myocardial infarction and death, but slightly lower rates of Staphylococcus aureus infections and neurologic complications. Our study relied on clinically diagnosed cases of endocarditis that may not meet strict criteria. Moreover, since some patients are discharged and readmitted during a single episode of endocarditis, our hospitalization figures probably slightly overstate the true incidence of this illness. Conclusions: Endocarditis is more common in the U.S. than previously believed, and is steadily increasing. Preventive efforts should focus on device-associated and health-care-associated infections
Model evaluation for glycolytic oscillations in yeast biotransformations of xenobiotics
Anaerobic glycolysis in yeast perturbed by the reduction of xenobiotic
ketones is studied numerically in two models which possess the same topology
but different levels of complexity. By comparing both models' predictions for
concentrations and fluxes as well as steady or oscillatory temporal behavior we
answer the question what phenomena require what kind of minimum model
abstraction. While mean concentrations and fluxes are predicted in agreement by
both models we observe different domains of oscillatory behavior in parameter
space. Generic properties of the glycolytic response to ketones are discussed
Flat Spacetime Vacuum in Loop Quantum Gravity
We construct a state in the loop quantum gravity theory with zero
cosmological constant, which should correspond to the flat spacetime vacuum
solution. This is done by defining the loop transform coefficients of a flat
connection wavefunction in the holomorphic representation which satisfies all
the constraints of quantum General Relativity and it is peaked around the flat
space triads. The loop transform coefficients are defined as spin foam state
sum invariants of the spin networks embedded in the spatial manifold for the
SU(2) quantum group. We also obtain an expression for the vacuum wavefunction
in the triad represntation, by defining the corresponding spin networks
functional integrals as SU(2) quantum group state sums.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure
Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden transition in bosonic Yb
We report an uncertainty evaluation of an optical lattice clock based on the
transition in the bosonic isotope Yb by use
of magnetically induced spectroscopy. The absolute frequency of the
transition has been determined through comparisons
with optical and microwave standards at NIST. The weighted mean of the
evaluations is (Yb)=518 294 025 309 217.8(0.9) Hz. The uncertainty
due to systematic effects has been reduced to less than 0.8 Hz, which
represents in fractional frequency.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure -Submitted to PRA Rapid Communication
Mutual Zonated Interactions of Wnt and Hh Signaling Are Orchestrating the Metabolism of the Adult Liver in Mice and Human
The Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt/β-Catenin (Wnt) cascades are morphogen pathways whose pronounced influence on adult liver metabolism has been identified in recent years. How both pathways communicate and control liver metabolic functions are largely unknown. Detecting core components of Wnt and Hh signaling and mathematical modeling showed that both pathways in healthy liver act largely complementary to each other in the pericentral (Wnt) and the periportal zone (Hh) and communicate mainly by mutual repression. The Wnt/Hh module inversely controls the spatiotemporal operation of various liver metabolic pathways, as revealed by transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analyses. Shifting the balance to Wnt (activation) or Hh (inhibition) causes pericentralization and periportalization of liver functions, respectively. Thus, homeostasis of the Wnt/Hh module is essential for maintaining proper liver metabolism and to avoid the development of certain metabolic diseases. With caution due to minor species-specific differences, these conclusions may hold for human liver as well
Controlling spatio-temporal chaos in the scenario of the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation
SPIRAL INSTABILITIES IN PERIODICALLY FORCED EXTENDED OSCILLATORY MEDIA
We investigate two instabilities of spiral waves in oscillatory media subject to different types of forcing using the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. First, the transition of spiral waves via so-called superspirals to spatio-temporal chaos is related to a coexistence of the Eckhaus instability of the wave field and the intrinsic oscillatory meandering instability of the spiral core. Second, resonantly forced oscillatory media are shown to possess a novel scenario of spiral breakup. Bifurcation analysis and linear stability analysis yield explanations for the phenomenology observed by direct simulations
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