52 research outputs found
2-(methylamido)pyridine–borane : a tripod κ3N,H,H-ligand in trigonal bipyramidal rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes with an asymmetric coordination of its BH3 group
The complexes [M(κ3N,H,H-mapyBH3)(cod)] (M = Rh, Ir; HmapyBH3 = 2-(methylamino)pyridine–borane; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), which contain a novel anionic tripod ligand coordinated to the metal atom through the amido N atom and through two H atoms of the BH3 group, have been prepared by treating the corresponding [M2(μ-Cl)2(cod)2] (M = Rh, Ir) precursor with K[mapyBH3]. X-ray diffraction studies and a theoretical QTAIM analysis of their electron density have confirmed that the metal atoms of both complexes are in a very distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination environment, in which two equatorial sites are asymmetrically spanned by the H–B–H fragment. While both 3c–2e BH–M interactions are more κ1H (terminal sigma coordination of the B–H bond) than κ2H,B (agostic-type coordination of the B–H bond), one BH–M interaction is more agostic than the other and this difference is more marked in the iridium complex than in the rhodium one. This asymmetry is not evident in solution, where the cod ligand and the BH3 group of these molecules participate in two concurrent dynamic processes of low activation energies (VT-NMR and DFT studies), namely, a rotation of the cod ligand that interchanges its two alkene fragments (through a square pyramidal transition state) and a rotation of the BH3 group about the B–N bond that equilibrates the three B–H bonds (through a square planar transition state). While the cod rotation has similar activation energy in 2 and 3, the barrier to the BH3 group rotation is higher in the iridium complex than in the rhodium one
Satisfacción laboral y factores de mejora en profesionales de atención primaria
Fundamento. La calidad de los servicios en un sistema sanitario está relacionada con el nivel de satisfacción de sus
profesionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la satisfacción laboral y jerarquizar aquellos factores capaces de
mejorarla, en profesionales de atención primaria.
Metodología. Estudio descriptivo realizado en 2010 en Navarra. Se remitió por correo un cuestionario validado a la
población de estudio: médicos, pediatras y enfermería de
atención primaria. Se recogen variables de datos sociodemográficos y autocalificación de su satisfacción laboral en
escala de 1 a 10. Se solicita la jerarquización de 10 factores
que puedan mejorar la satisfacción previa señalada.
Se realizó comparación de medias y análisis bivariante
mediante el test de la Chi cuadrado, estudiando la asociación entre variables mediante la Odds Ratio (OR). El análisis
ajustado se realizó mediante regresión logística no condicional.
Resultados. Se recogieron 432 cuestionarios (77,5%). La
satisfacción media fue 6,7 (escala 1 a 10), más alta en enfermería. Las mujeres presentaron una media superior a los
hombres (6,90: 6,34).
Los trabajadores de centros de salud urbanos (OR:1,71;
IC:1,10-2,65) presentaron un mayor riesgo de insatisfacción
respecto a los profesionales de centros rurales.
Las actividades formativas de los profesionales es el
ítem más valorado, seguido de razones económicas y de presión asistencial, no encontrándose diferencias por profesión.
Conclusión. La satisfacción laboral es una dimensión de
la gestión de calidad en atención primaria y su estudio
permite identificar problemas u oportunidades de mejora
con impacto en la calidad de los servicios que se ofertan.Background. The quality of services in a health system is
related to the level of satisfaction of its professionals. The
aim of this article is to determine job satisfaction in primary
care professionals and rank those factors capable of improving it.
Methodology. Descriptive study carried out in Navarre in
2010. A validated questionnaire was sent by post to the population of the study: primary care doctors, pediatricians
and nurses. Variables on socio-demographic data were collected and job satisfaction was self-evaluated on a scale of 1
to 10. Respondents were asked to rank 10 factors that could
improve the previously mentioned satisfaction.
Averages were compared and bivariate analysis was
carried out using the chi-square test, studying the association between variables through the Odds Ratio (OR). The
adjusted analysis was realized through unconditional logistic regression.
Results. We collected 432 questionnaires (77.5%). Average
satisfaction was 6.7 (scale of 1 to 10), higher in nursing. Women showed a higher average than men (6.90:6.34).
The workers at urban health centers (OR: 1.71; CI: 1.10-
2.65) showed a higher risk of dissatisfaction with respect to
professionals at rural centers.
The training activities of the professional is the most
highly valued item, followed by economic questions and
questions of care pressure, with no differences found by
profession.
Conclusion. Job satisfaction is a dimension of quality management in primary care and its study enables identification
of problems or opportunities for improvement with an impact on the quality of the services offered
Validación de un cuestionario de mejora de la satisfacción laboral (CMSL) en profesionales de atención primaria
Fundamento. La satisfacción laboral de los profesionales
sanitarios se considera un indicador de calidad en la gestión del sistema, estando relacionado con la eficacia de los
servicios ofrecidos.
El objetivo del estudio es la validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la mejora de la satisfacción laboral
(CMSL) en una población de profesionales sanitarios de
atención primaria en Navarra.
Metodología. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con cuestionarios autocumplimentados, siendo la población diana
todos los profesionales de atención primaria (médicos,
pediatras y personal de enfemería) de los centros de salud
de Navarra. Se utilizó la escala Lickert para la medición de
los ítems. Se recogieron datos descriptivos de sexo, años
de ejercicio profesional, satisfacción laboral, estamento
profesional, centro de salud y 47 ítems sobre mejora de
satisfacción laboral. Se calculó la fiabilidad mediante el
coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y se halló la validez de constructo mediante un análisis factorial con rotación varimax,
agrupando los ítems en 9 dimensiones.
Resultados. Se recogieron un total de 414 cuestionarios. Se
obtuvo el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, con un valor global
de 0,933. Entre 5 dimensiones se explica el 41,287% de la
varianza total. La dimensión “relaciones con los pacientes”
presentó la media (4,087) más alta de mejora de la satisfacción laboral y el ítem “Si pudiera eliminar la demanda
injustificada” presentó una media de 4,21.
Conclusiones. El cuestionario diseñado es un instrumento
válido para la evaluación integral de la mejora de la satisfacción laboral de los profesionales de atención primaria.
Los resultados obtenidos pueden orientar sobre qué áreas
de mejora se deben implantar para mejorar la satisfacción
de los profesionales.Background. Job satisfaction of health professionals is
considered to be a quality indicator, as it is related to the
efficacy of the services.
The aim of the study is to validate a questionnaire for
evaluating job satisfaction improvement in a population of
health professionals in primary care in Navarre.
Methodology. Descriptive study with self-completed
questionnaires; the target population was all health care
professionals (family doctors, pediatricians and nurses)
of primary health centers of Navarre. A Lickert scale was
used for measuring the items. Other variables measured
were: sex, years in the profession, job satisfaction, professional status, health center, and 47 items on improving
job satisfaction. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to
evaluate reliability, and to evaluate construct validity factor analysis with varimax rotation, grouping the items in 9
dimensions was used.
Results. A total of 414 questionnaires were collected.
Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.933. Forty-one point
two eight seven percent (41.287%) of total variance was explained by five dimensions. The dimension “relations with
patients” presented the highest average (4.087) of improvement in job satisfaction, and the item “If it were possible to
eliminate unjustified demand” showed an average of 4.21.
Conclusions. The questionnaire designed is a valid instrument for a comprehensive evaluation of the improvement
in the job satisfaction of primary care professionals. The
results obtained can indicate which areas of improvement
should be implemented in order to improve the satisfaction of the professionals
Multidimensional Signals and Analytic Flexibility: Estimating Degrees of Freedom in Human-Speech Analyses
Recent empirical studies have highlighted the large degree of analytic flexibility in data analysis that can lead to substantially different conclusions based on the same data set. Thus, researchers have expressed their concerns that these researcher degrees of freedom might facilitate bias and can lead to claims that do not stand the test of time. Even greater flexibility is to be expected in fields in which the primary data lend themselves to a variety of possible operationalizations. The multidimensional, temporally extended nature of speech constitutes an ideal testing ground for assessing the variability in analytic approaches, which derives not only from aspects of statistical modeling but also from decisions regarding the quantification of the measured behavior. In this study, we gave the same speech-production data set to 46 teams of researchers and asked them to answer the same research question, resulting in substantial variability in reported effect sizes and their interpretation. Using Bayesian meta-analytic tools, we further found little to no evidence that the observed variability can be explained by analysts’ prior beliefs, expertise, or the perceived quality of their analyses. In light of this idiosyncratic variability, we recommend that researchers more transparently share details of their analysis, strengthen the link between theoretical construct and quantitative system, and calibrate their (un)certainty in their conclusions
Perivascular Expression and Potent Vasoconstrictor Effect of Dynorphin A in Cerebral Arteries
BACKGROUND: Numerous literary data indicate that dynorphin A (DYN-A) has a significant impact on cerebral circulation, especially under pathophysiological conditions, but its potential direct influence on the tone of cerebral vessels is obscure. The aim of the present study was threefold: 1) to clarify if DYN-A is present in cerebral vessels, 2) to determine if it exerts any direct effect on cerebrovascular tone, and if so, 3) to analyze the role of κ-opiate receptors in mediating the effect. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of DYN-A in perivascular nerves of rat pial arteries as well as in both rat and human intraparenchymal vessels of the cerebral cortex. In isolated rat basilar and middle cerebral arteries (BAs and MCAs) DYN-A (1-13) and DYN-A (1-17) but not DYN-A (1-8) or dynorphin B (DYN-B) induced strong vasoconstriction in micromolar concentrations. The maximal effects, compared to a reference contraction induced by 124 mM K(+), were 115±6% and 104±10% in BAs and 113±3% and 125±9% in MCAs for 10 µM of DYN-A (1-13) and DYN-A (1-17), respectively. The vasoconstrictor effects of DYN-A (1-13) could be inhibited but not abolished by both the κ-opiate receptor antagonist nor-Binaltorphimine dihydrochloride (NORBI) and blockade of G(i/o)-protein mediated signaling by pertussis toxin. Finally, des-Tyr(1) DYN-A (2-13), which reportedly fails to activate κ-opiate receptors, induced vasoconstriction of 45±11% in BAs and 50±5% in MCAs at 10 µM, which effects were resistant to NORBI. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: DYN-A is present in rat and human cerebral perivascular nerves and induces sustained contraction of rat cerebral arteries. This vasoconstrictor effect is only partly mediated by κ-opiate receptors and heterotrimeric G(i/o)-proteins. To our knowledge our present findings are the first to indicate that DYN-A has a direct cerebral vasoconstrictor effect and that a dynorphin-induced vascular action may be, at least in part, independent of κ-opiate receptors
Multidimensional Signals and Analytic Flexibility: Estimating Degrees of Freedom in Human-Speech Analyses
Recent empirical studies have highlighted the large degree of analytic flexibility in data analysis that can lead to substantially different conclusions based on the same data set. Thus, researchers have expressed their concerns that these researcher degrees of freedom might facilitate bias and can lead to claims that do not stand the test of time. Even greater flexibility is to be expected in fields in which the primary data lend themselves to a variety of possible operationalizations. The multidimensional, temporally extended nature of speech constitutes an ideal testing ground for assessing the variability in analytic approaches, which derives not only from aspects of statistical modeling but also from decisions regarding the quantification of the measured behavior. In this study, we gave the same speech-production data set to 46 teams of researchers and asked them to answer the same research question, resulting in substantial variability in reported effect sizes and their interpretation. Using Bayesian meta-analytic tools, we further found little to no evidence that the observed variability can be explained by analysts’ prior beliefs, expertise, or the perceived quality of their analyses. In light of this idiosyncratic variability, we recommend that researchers more transparently share details of their analysis, strengthen the link between theoretical construct and quantitative system, and calibrate their (un)certainty in their conclusions
Multidimensional signals and analytic flexibility: Estimating degrees of freedom in human speech analyses
Recent empirical studies have highlighted the large degree of analytic flexibility in data analysis which can lead to substantially different conclusions based on the same data set. Thus, researchers have expressed their concerns that these researcher degrees of freedom might facilitate bias and can lead to claims that do not stand the test of time. Even greater flexibility is to be expected in fields in which the primary data lend themselves to a variety of possible operationalizations. The multidimensional, temporally extended nature of speech constitutes an ideal testing ground for assessing the variability in analytic approaches, which derives not only from aspects of statistical modeling, but also from decisions regarding the quantification of the measured behavior. In the present study, we gave the same speech production data set to 46 teams of researchers and asked them to answer the same research question, resulting insubstantial variability in reported effect sizes and their interpretation. Using Bayesian meta-analytic tools, we further find little to no evidence that the observed variability can be explained by analysts’ prior beliefs, expertise or the perceived quality of their analyses. In light of this idiosyncratic variability, we recommend that researchers more transparently share details of their analysis, strengthen the link between theoretical construct and quantitative system and calibrate their (un)certainty in their conclusions
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