50 research outputs found
Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Sediment of Artificial Estuary: Case of Vridi Channel, CĂŽte dâIvoire
This study focused on a yearly monitoring of sediment pollution in Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and the ecological incurred risks in Vridi channel. The results, expressed per dry weight, showed that the annual mean were 0.96 (± 0.16) mg/Kg for Cd, 22.36 (± 2.41) mg/kg for Co, 33.98 (± 4.61) for Cu, 31760.5 (± 5652.7) mg/kg for Fe, 981.2 ± (377.5) mg/kg for Mg, 302.9 (± 415.4) mg/kg for Mn, 42.53 (± 9.79) mg/kg for Ni, 83.37 (± 6.66) mg/kg for Pb and 27.11 (± 11.72) mg/kg for Zn. The measured oligo-elements (Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn) originated from naturals sources and were away from accumulation, except from Fe which moderately accumulated. That hence the low sediment contamination by these metals. As for toxic trace metal (not essential) to living organisms (Co, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni), they resulted from anthropogenic origin. These sediments were moderately contaminated in Co, Cu and Ni, significantly in Pb and strongly in Cd. All the studied trace metals were mainly from continental origin, except Cd which showed a marine origin. This estuary displayed a steady state of progressive deterioration and presented a very high ecological risk.Keywords: Abidjan, Atlantic Ocean, Ebrié System, pollution indicators, trace metal
Impacts des Inondations Dans les Quartiers DĂ©favorises dâAbidjan: Cas de Gonzagueville et de Jean-Folly (Commune de Port-BouĂ«t)
Quartiers de la commune de Port-BouĂ«t dans le District dâAbidjan, Gonzagueville et Jean-Folly sâĂ©tendent tout le long du littoral du cĂŽtĂ© sud de ladite commune. Ces deux quartiers prĂ©caires construits sur le cordon littoral qui est un relief de plaine, sont exposĂ©s Ă la recrudescence des inondations dont les effets sur le cadre de vie et les populations sont nĂ©fastes. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude est de contribuer Ă une meilleure connaissance des impacts des inondations sur le cadre de vie et des populations des deux quartiers prĂ©caires. Lâossature de la mĂ©thodologie pour y parvenir, est constituĂ©e de recherche bibliographique, dâentretiens et dâenquĂȘte de terrain. Au terme de cette dĂ©marche, il ressort que la dĂ©gradation de lâenvironnement, les problĂšmes de santĂ© et de mobilitĂ©, les agressions physiques, les pertes en vie humaine, les mauvaises odeurs, les dĂ©gĂąts matĂ©riels et Ă©conomiques sont autant dâeffets nĂ©gatifs gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par les inondations. La prolifĂ©ration de moustiques, de souris, de grenouilles, de blattes et de toutes sortes de vermines durant les inondations, causent aussi de nombreux dĂ©sagrĂ©ments aux populations.
 
Cartographie Des Zones Inondables Des Quartiers De Gonzagueville Et Jean-Folly (Commune De Port-Bouët, Abidjan)
Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude est de mettre en Ă©vidence Ă partir de la cartographie les zones inondables des quartiers de Gonzagueville et Jean-Folly. Pour y parvenir, lâutilisation des SIG a permis dâabord de localiser les diffĂ©rents niveaux dâexposition des enjeux, ensuite dâĂ©valuer la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© de ces enjeux par rapport Ă lâalĂ©a inondation et enfin dĂ©finir le niveau de risque dâinondation Ă partir de la combinaison spatiale de lâalĂ©a et des critĂšres dâenjeux. Trois niveaux de risques sont dĂ©finis (risque faible, risque moyen, risque Ă©levĂ©). Le niveau de risque moyen est le plus rĂ©pandu, il couvre 712,74 hectares, soit 71,72% de lâespace Ă©tudiĂ©. Il est suivi du risque faible avec une superficie de 189.78 hectares, soit 19% de la zone dâĂ©tude. Le niveau le moins rĂ©pandu est le risque Ă©levĂ© qui occupe 102 hectares, soit 10,19% de lâespace dâĂ©tude. Il est exclusivement prĂ©sent Ă Jean-Folly.
Aldicarbe et crimidine dans les eaux et les sĂ©diments aux alentours de la dĂ©charge municipale dâAkouĂ©do (Abidjan, CĂŽte dâIvoire): niveaux et frĂ©quences de contamination
En Afrique, plusieurs familles de pesticides, susceptibles de nuire Ă la santĂ© de lâhomme et de lâenvironnement, sont utilisĂ©es contre les pestes et autres nuisibles. Cependant, la plupart des Ă©tudes menĂ©es se sont focalisĂ©es sur les organochlorĂ©s. La frĂ©quence de dĂ©tection et les concentrations des pesticides aldicarbe et crimidine ont Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©es dans les eaux et les sĂ©diments autour de la dĂ©charge municipale dâAkouĂ©do (CĂŽte dâIvoire). Les analyses ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es de juin 2013 Ă janvier 2014 par chromatographie liquide Ă Â haute performance couplĂ©e Ă la mĂ©thode de dĂ©tection par fluorescence, aprĂšs une extraction liquide/liquide des eaux, et une extraction au soxhlet des sĂ©diments. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© une contamination significative des sĂ©diments par lâaldicarbe et la crimidine Ă des frĂ©quences de dĂ©tection trĂšs Ă©levĂ©es, contrairement aux eaux lagunaires et souterraines. Les concentrations ont Ă©tĂ© significativement plus Ă©levĂ©es pendant la saison des crues dans les eaux et pendant la saison des pluies dans les sĂ©diments. Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que la crimidine est utilisĂ©e ou rejetĂ©e de façon illĂ©gale dans la zone dâĂ©tude, et que les niveaux de concentration de la crimidine et de lâaldicarbe dans la baie de MâBadon peuvent causer des risques de santĂ© pour certains organismes aquatiques et les populations.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s: Pesticides; lixiviat, estuaire, lagune EbriĂ©, CĂŽte dâIvoireEnglish Title: Aldicarb and crimidine in waters and sediments in the vicinity of the AkouĂ©do municipal dumping site (Abidjan, Cote dâIvoire): concentrations and detection frequenciesEnglish AbstractThe impact of pesticides on environmental quality is of great concern in many developing countries. However, data on pesticide contamination levels in African estuaries has mainly focused on organochlorine compounds, although some among other pesticide families are able to persist in water for several days and pose toxicological risks to humans and wildlife. This study assessed the detection frequency and concentration levels of aldicarb and crimidine residues in waters and sediments (from leachate, pits, and MâBadon Bay) around the municipal dumping site of AkouĂ©do (Abidjan, Ivory Coast). Samples were analyzed by the HPLCfluorescence detector method after liquid/liquid and soxhlet extractions of waters and sediments, respectively, from June 2013 to January 2014. The results showed significant contamination of sediments by the aldicarb and the crimidine, with detection frequencies up to 100% during the wet season. The highest pesticide concentrations in waters and sediments were observed during the flooding season and the wet season, respectively. The aldicarb and crimidine concentrations were significantly higher in sediments than waters, although they are highly soluble in water. The results suggest that the crimidine is illegally used or disposed of in Abidjan area, and that aldicarbe and crimidine concentration levels could pose health risks to biota.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Pesticides; leachate, estuary, EbriĂ© Lagoon, Ivory Coas
Analyse multicritĂšre couplĂ©e au radiocarbone en contexte de variabilitĂ© climatique pour lâidentification des zones potentielles de recharge des aquifĂšres fracturĂ©s du Sud-Est de la rĂ©gion de la Nawa (CĂŽte dâIvoire)
The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate potential recharge areas for aquifers in South-East Nawa (CĂŽte dâIvoire) by coupling multicriteria analysis with radiocarbon in the context of climate variability. It is based on the combination of spatial information relating to different parameters (climate, topography, soil, vegetation, geology, etc.) that can influence recharge in different ways. First, the amount of infiltrated water to recharge the aquifers is estimated from the hydrological balance after characterising the climate variability in SoubrĂ©. Then, the recharge areas of fractured aquifers are mapped by multicriteria analysis. Finally, these areas are validated by carbon 14 activities. From 1951 to 2017, the rainfall deficit on either side of the 1970 rupture is 14%. Two wet periods (1951-1970 and 1993-2017) interspersed with a dry period (1971-1992) characterize the study area. The estimated water level to recharge the aquifers is 243 mm from 1951 to 2017. The modelling of climatic, topographic, pedological, geological and vegetation parameters allowed the elaboration of well-structured thematic maps. The cross-referencing of these parameters in a GIS facilitated the design of the recharge area map of South-East Nawa. This map highlights four areas of rechargeability, validated by carbon 14 activities. The very strong (40%) and strong (35%) recharge areas are located in the South-East and extend to SouthWest of the study area. The medium recharge areas (11%) are identified in the Sassandra riverbed. The low recharge areas (14%) are found mainly in the West and North. The map of recharge areas is a decision-making tool that guides decision-makers in the identification of sectors likely to be the object of high-productivity boreholes, and also capable to be vulnerable to contaminants.[fr] La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a pour objectif dâidentifier et dâĂ©valuer les zones potentielles de recharge des aquifĂšres du Sud-Est de la Nawa par le couplage de lâanalyse multicritĂšre au radiocarbone en contexte de variabilitĂ© climatique. Elle est basĂ©e sur la combinaison dâinformations spatiales relatives Ă diffĂ©rents paramĂštres (climat, topographie, sol, vĂ©gĂ©tation, gĂ©ologie, etc.) susceptibles dâinfluencer diversement la recharge. Dâabord, la quantitĂ© dâeau infiltrĂ©e pour recharger les aquifĂšres est estimĂ©e Ă partir du bilan hydrologique aprĂšs caractĂ©risation de la variabilitĂ© climatique Ă SoubrĂ©. Ensuite, les zones de recharge des aquifĂšres fracturĂ©s sont cartographiĂ©es par analyse multicritĂšre. Enfin, ces zones sont validĂ©es Ă partir des activitĂ©s en carbone 14. De 1951 Ă 2017, le dĂ©ficit pluviomĂ©trique de part et dâautre de la rupture de 1970 est de 14%. Deux pĂ©riodes humides (1951-1970 et 1993-2017), intercalĂ©e dâune pĂ©riode sĂšche (1971-1992) caractĂ©risent la zone dâĂ©tude. La lame dâeau estimĂ©e pour recharger les aquifĂšres est de 243 mm de 1951 Ă 2017. La modĂ©lisation des paramĂštres climatique, topographique, pĂ©dologique, gĂ©ologique, de la vĂ©gĂ©tation, a permis dâĂ©laborer des cartes thĂ©matiques bien structurĂ©es. Le croisement de celles-ci dans un SIG a facilitĂ© la conception de la carte des zones de recharge du Sud-Est de la Nawa. Cette carte met en Ă©vidence quatre zones dâaptitude Ă la recharge, validĂ©es par des activitĂ©s en carbone 14. Les zones de recharge trĂšs forte (40%) et forte (35%) se localisent au Sud-Est et sâĂ©tendent jusquâau Sud-Ouest de la zone dâĂ©tude. Les zones de recharge moyenne (11%) sâidentifient dans le lit du Sassandra. Les zones de recharge faible (14%) occupent majoritairement lâOuest et le Nord. La carte des zones de recharge est un outil dâaide Ă la dĂ©cision qui oriente les dĂ©cideurs dans lâidentification des secteurs susceptibles de faire lâobjet dâimplantation de forages Ă forte productivitĂ©, et aussi susceptibles dâĂȘtre vulnĂ©rables vis-Ă -vis des contaminants
Computational Models of the Notch Network Elucidate Mechanisms of Context-dependent Signaling
The Notch signaling pathway controls numerous cell fate decisions during development and adulthood through diverse mechanisms. Thus, whereas it functions as an oscillator during somitogenesis, it can mediate an all-or-none cell fate switch to influence pattern formation in various tissues during development. Furthermore, while in some contexts continuous Notch signaling is required, in others a transient Notch signal is sufficient to influence cell fate decisions. However, the signaling mechanisms that underlie these diverse behaviors in different cellular contexts have not been understood. Notch1 along with two downstream transcription factors hes1 and RBP-Jk forms an intricate network of positive and negative feedback loops, and we have implemented a systems biology approach to computationally study this gene regulation network. Our results indicate that the system exhibits bistability and is capable of switching states at a critical level of Notch signaling initiated by its ligand Delta in a particular range of parameter values. In this mode, transient activation of Delta is also capable of inducing prolonged high expression of Hes1, mimicking the âONâ state depending on the intensity and duration of the signal. Furthermore, this system is highly sensitive to certain model parameters and can transition from functioning as a bistable switch to an oscillator by tuning a single parameter value. This parameter, the transcriptional repression constant of hes1, can thus qualitatively govern the behavior of the signaling network. In addition, we find that the system is able to dampen and reduce the effects of biological noise that arise from stochastic effects in gene expression for systems that respond quickly to Notch signaling
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.
RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 â„60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
La Déportation et la Nouvelle-Calédonie
The author shows the particular aspects of the Deportation as seen from New Caledonia : first the surroundings as the 4 253 convicted revolutionaries arrived in New Caledonia after 1872. Then the conditions of their internment on the Isle of Pines where they were under « ordinary deportation rules », the conditions prevailing on Ducos Peninsula called « dĂ©portation in a fortified enclosure » (which was merely fictitious), and finally the life in the hard labour center of Isle Nou, where 323 men of the « Commune de Paris » were kept in confinement among 4 000 convicts. These men had one obsession : Paris ; being deported to this remote island, they suffered their fate in despair. However, after they were pardoned in 1879- 80, some became important people, a few of them authors.L'auteur dĂ©crit d'abord le cadre d'accueil de ces 4 253 condamnĂ©s, qui arrivent en Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie Ă partir de 1872. Puis il dĂ©crit les conditions de sĂ©jour de « la dĂ©portation simple » Ă l'Ăźle des Pins, celles de « l'enceinte fortifiĂ©e » (restĂ©e purement fictive) de la presqu'Ăźle de Ducos, et enfin celles du bagne de l'Ăźle Nou, oĂč 323 condamnĂ©s de la Commune ont Ă©tĂ© jetĂ©s parmi 4 000 bagnards de droit commun. ObnubilĂ©s par leur idĂ©e fixe, Paris, ces hommes transplantĂ©s aux antipodes, subiront leur sort avec dĂ©sespoir. Pourtant, amnistiĂ©s en 1879-80, certains deviendront des personnages de premier plan, ou mĂȘme des Ă©crivains.Brou Bernard. La DĂ©portation et la Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie. In: Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer, tome 65, n°241, 4e trimestre 1978. pp. 501-518