Size Segregation and Convection of Granular Mixtures Almost Completely Packed in the Rotating Thin Box

Size segregation of granular mixtures which are almost completely packed in a rotating drum is discussed with an effective simulation and a brief analysis. Instead of a 3D drum, we simulate 2D rotating thin box which is almost completely packed with granular mixtures. The phase inversion of radially segregated pattern which was found in a 3D experiment are qualitatively reproduced with this simulation, and a brief analysis is followed. Moreover in our simulation, a global convection appears after radial segregation pattern is formed, and this convection induces axially segregated pattern.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, PACS number(s): 45.70.-n, 45.70.M

PDZ domains and their binding partners: structure, specificity, and modification

PDZ domains are abundant protein interaction modules that often recognize short amino acid motifs at the C-termini of target proteins. They regulate multiple biological processes such as transport, ion channel signaling, and other signal transduction systems. This review discusses the structural characterization of PDZ domains and the use of recently emerging technologies such as proteomic arrays and peptide libraries to study the binding properties of PDZ-mediated interactions. Regulatory mechanisms responsible for PDZ-mediated interactions, such as phosphorylation in the PDZ ligands or PDZ domains, are also discussed. A better understanding of PDZ protein-protein interaction networks and regulatory mechanisms will improve our knowledge of many cellular and biological processes

Thyroid function, morphology and autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Integrated outcrop, drill core, borehole and seismic stratigraphic architecture of a cyclothemic, shallow-marine depositional system, Wanganui Basin, New Zealand

Late Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene (c. 2.1–0.4 Ma) strata exposed in the, now classical, Nukumaru and Castlecliff coastal cliff sections north-west of Wanganui comprise 25, 6th (41 ka) order and 5th (100 ka) order, shallow-marine to marginal marine stratigraphic sequences, deposited during global glacio-eustatic sea-level cycles corresponding to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 78–10. Here, we characterise the sequences using: (1) a series of drill cores sited above and behind the coastal outcrops, which recovered a composite record of c. 450 m, (2) a new high resolution multichannel seismic reflection profile acquired along the beach adjacent to the coastal cliffs, and (3) downhole digital logs from the boreholes. This paper integrates the outcrop and subsurface datasets to produce a high resolution model of the stratigraphic signatures and 2D architecture of a cyclical, shallow-marine deposition system. Such models have significant applications to petroleum exploration, and enable the distribution of reservoir facies and intervening seal rocks within sequences, together with the nature of the connectivity of sandstone facies between sequences, to be evaluated. Similar hydrocarbon-producing systems within the Eocene Kapuni Group (e.g., Mangahewa and Kaimiro formations) have been, and are still, the focus of intense exploration in Taranaki Basin

Breast-Feeding and Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes:A pooled analysis of individual participant data from 43 observational studies

OBJECTIVE To investigate if there is a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes in children breastfed or exclusively breastfed by performing a pooled analysis with adjustment for recognized confounders. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Relevant studies were identified from literature searches using MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Authors of relevant studies were asked to provide individual participant data or conduct prespecified analyses. Meta-analysis techniques were used to combine odds ratios (ORs) and investigate heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS Data were available from 43 studies including 9,874 patients with type 1 diabetes. Overall, there was a reduction in the risk of diabetes after exclusive breast-feeding for >2 weeks (20 studies; OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.88), the association after exclusive breast-feeding for >3 months was weaker (30 studies; OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.75-1.00), and no association was observed after (nonexclusive) breast-feeding for >2 weeks (28 studies; OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.81-1.07) or >3 months (29 studies; OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-1.00). These associations were all subject to marked heterogeneity (I(2) = 58, 76, 54, and 68%, respectively). In studies with lower risk of bias, the reduced risk after exclusive breast-feeding for >2 weeks remained (12 studies; OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.99), and heterogeneity was reduced (I(2) = 0%). Adjustments for potential confounders altered these estimates very little. CONCLUSION The pooled analysis suggests weak protective associations between exclusive breast-feeding and type 1 diabetes risk. However, these findings are difficult to interpret because of the marked variation in effect and possible biases (particularly recall bias) inherent in the included studies

Segregation effect in symmetric cellular automata model for two-lane mixed traffic

Segregation effects commonly exist in granular mixtures with difference in size, shape or density. In mixed traffic flow, slow vehicle and fast vehicle, as two types of particles, have different desired speed. We investigate the segregation along the road in mixed traffic flow by using a symmetric two-lane cellular automata model. A parameter D, which quantifies the degree of segregation, is defined. We study the density dependency of the parameter at different randomization probability. Simulation results show that segregation is more obviously in free flow region. We argue that the overtaking maneuvers have similar effect as percolation in granular flow. Copyright EDP Sciences/Società Italiana di Fisica/Springer-Verlag 200605.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics, 02.50.Ey Stochastic processes, 64.75.+g Solubility, segregation, and mixing phase separation, 89.90+n Other topics in areas of applied and interdisciplinary physics ,