Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by fructose overload in an experimental model of hypertension and menopause

Background: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the association of 3 or more risk factors, including: abdominal obesity associated with an excess of abdominal fat, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension and metabolic dysfunctions sharply increases after the menopause. However, the mechanisms involved in these changes are not well understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of fructose overload on cardiovascular autonomic modulation, inflammation and cardiac oxidative stress in an experimental model of hypertension and menopause. Methods: Female SHR rats were divided into (n = 8/group): hypertensive (H), hypertensive ovariectomized (HO) and hypertensive ovariectomized undergoing fructose overload (100 g/L in drinking water) (FHO). Arterial pressure (AP) signals were directly recorded. Cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated by spectral analysis. Oxidative stress was evaluated in cardiac tissue. Results: AP was higher in the FHO group when compared to the other groups. Fructose overload promoted an increase in body and fat weight, triglyceride concentration and a reduction in insulin sensitivity. IL-10 was reduced in the FHO group when compared to the H group. TNF-α was higher in the FHO when compared to all other groups. Lipoperoxidation was higher and glutathione redox balance was reduced in the FHO group when compared to other groups, an indication of increased oxidative stress. A negative correlation was found between IL-10 and adipose tissue. Conclusion: Fructose overload promoted an impairment in cardiac autonomic modulation associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in hypertensive rats undergoing ovarian hormone deprivation.Fil: Conti, Filipe Fernandes. Universidad Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Brito, Janaina de Oliveira. Universidad Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Bernardes, Nathalia. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Dias, Danielle da Silva. Universidad Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Sanches, Iris Callado. Universidad Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Malfitano, Christiane. Universidad Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, Maria-Claudia. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: De Angelis, Kátia. Universidad Nove de Julho; Brasi

Simvastatin-induced cardiac autonomic control improvement in fructose-fed female rats

OBJECTIVE: Because autonomic dysfunction has been found to lead to cardiometabolic disorders and because studies have reported that simvastatin treatment has neuroprotective effects, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin treatment on cardiovascular and autonomic changes in fructose-fed female rats. METHODS: Female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: controls (n=8), fructose (n=8), and fructose+ simvastatin (n=8). Fructose overload was induced by supplementing the drinking water with fructose (100 mg/L, 18 wks). Simvastatin treatment (5 mg/kg/day for 2 wks) was performed by gavage. The arterial pressure was recorded using a data acquisition system. Autonomic control was evaluated by pharmacological blockade. RESULTS: Fructose overload induced an increase in the fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels and insulin resistance. The constant rate of glucose disappearance during the insulin intolerance test was reduced in the fructose group (3.4+ 0.32%/min) relative to that in the control group (4.4+ 0.29%/min). Fructose+simvastatin rats exhibited increased insulin sensitivity (5.4+0.66%/min). The fructose and fructose+simvastatin groups demonstrated an increase in the mean arterial pressure compared with controls rats (fructose: 124+2 mmHg and fructose+simvastatin: 126 + 3 mmHg vs. controls: 112 + 2 mmHg). The sympathetic effect was enhanced in the fructose group (73 + 7 bpm) compared with that in the control (48 + 7 bpm) and fructose+simvastatin groups (31+8 bpm). The vagal effect was increased in fructose+simvastatin animals (84 + 7 bpm) compared with that in control (49 + 9 bpm) and fructose animals (46+5 bpm). CONCLUSION: Simvastatin treatment improved insulin sensitivity and cardiac autonomic control in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome in female rats. These effects were independent of the improvements in the classical plasma lipid profile and of reductions in arterial pressure. These results support the hypothesis that statins reduce the cardiometabolic risk in females with metabolic syndrome

A formação profissional do enfermeiro: entrelace entre ensino da virologia e SARS-CoV-2 em uma universidade pública

The aim was to analyze the training of nurses related to the teaching of Virology to work in times of pandemic. Descriptive, exploratory and qualitative research was carried out through content analysis carried out from June to August 2020, serving as a subsidy for the construction of an integrative review based on analytical reading, which included the appreciation of nine articles, taking into account the methodological rigor. The theoretical orientation focused on the development of competences of Philippe Perrenoud; in the National Curriculum Guidelines for undergraduate courses in the health area, which deal with the professional training of nurses; and in the onset of the pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2. The data showed that the training of nurses focused on acting in times of pandemic emerges as a thematic category, where the training process of this professional in relation to the teaching of Virology is presented as relevant. The construction of nurses' competence is important, as they work with the patient, who plays the leading role in care, especially in times of pandemic. This makes them able to serve in the SUS.Objetivou-se analisar a formação do enfermeiro relacionada ao ensino da Virologia para a atuação em tempos de pandemia. Foi feita pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e qualitativa por meio de análise de conteúdo realizada nos meses de junho a agosto de 2020, servindo de subsídio para a construção de uma revisão integrativa pautada em leitura analítica, que contou com a apreciação de nove artigos, atendendo ao rigor metodológico. A orientação teórica teve o enfoque no desenvolvimento das competências de Philippe Perrenoud; nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de graduação da área da saúde, que tratam sobre a formação profissional do enfermeiro; e no surgimento da pandemia causada pela SARS-COV-2. Os dados mostraram que a formação do enfermeiro voltada para a atuação em tempos de pandemia emerge como categoria temática, onde o processo formativo desse profissional com relação ao ensino da Virologia apresenta-se como relevante. A construção da competência do enfermeiro é importante, pois ele atua junto ao paciente, que ocupa o papel de protagonista do atendimento, principalmente, em tempos de pandemia. Isso os torna capacitados para atender no SUS.

A formação profissional do enfermeiro: entrelace entre ensino da virologia e SARS-CoV-2 em uma universidade pública

The aim was to analyze the training of nurses related to the teaching of Virology to work in times of pandemic. Descriptive, exploratory and qualitative research was carried out through content analysis carried out from June to August 2020, serving as a subsidy for the construction of an integrative review based on analytical reading, which included the appreciation of nine articles, taking into account the methodological rigor. The theoretical orientation focused on the development of competences of Philippe Perrenoud; in the National Curriculum Guidelines for undergraduate courses in the health area, which deal with the professional training of nurses; and in the onset of the pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2. The data showed that the training of nurses focused on acting in times of pandemic emerges as a thematic category, where the training process of this professional in relation to the teaching of Virology is presented as relevant. The construction of nurses' competence is important, as they work with the patient, who plays the leading role in care, especially in times of pandemic. This makes them able to serve in the SUS.Objetivou-se analisar a formação do enfermeiro relacionada ao ensino da Virologia para a atuação em tempos de pandemia. Foi feita pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e qualitativa por meio de análise de conteúdo realizada nos meses de junho a agosto de 2020, servindo de subsídio para a construção de uma revisão integrativa pautada em leitura analítica, que contou com a apreciação de nove artigos, atendendo ao rigor metodológico. A orientação teórica teve o enfoque no desenvolvimento das competências de Philippe Perrenoud; nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de graduação da área da saúde, que tratam sobre a formação profissional do enfermeiro; e no surgimento da pandemia causada pela SARS-COV-2. Os dados mostraram que a formação do enfermeiro voltada para a atuação em tempos de pandemia emerge como categoria temática, onde o processo formativo desse profissional com relação ao ensino da Virologia apresenta-se como relevante. A construção da competência do enfermeiro é importante, pois ele atua junto ao paciente, que ocupa o papel de protagonista do atendimento, principalmente, em tempos de pandemia. Isso os torna capacitados para atender no SUS.

Baroreflex Impairment Precedes Cardiometabolic Dysfunction in an Experimental Model of Metabolic Syndrome: Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

This study analyzes whether autonomic dysfunction precedes cardiometabolic alterations in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with fructose overload. Animals were randomly distributed into three groups: control, hypertensive and hypertensive with fructose overload. Fructose overload (100 g/L) was initiated at 30 days old, and the animals (n = 6/group/time) were evaluated after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of fructose consumption. Fructose consumption reduced baroreflex sensitivity by day 7, and still induced a progressive reduction in baroreflex sensitivity over the time. Fructose consumption also increased TNFα and IL-6 levels in the adipose tissue and IL-1β levels in the spleen at days 15 and 30. Fructose consumption also reduced plasmatic nitrites (day 15 and 30) and superoxide dismutase activity (day 15 and 60), but increased hydrogen peroxide (day 30 and 60), lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation (day 60). Fructose consumption increased arterial pressure at day 30 (8%) and 60 (11%). Fructose consumption also induced a late insulin resistance at day 60, but did not affect glucose levels. In conclusion, the results show that baroreflex sensitivity impairment precedes inflammatory and oxidative stress disorders, probably by inducing hemodynamic and metabolic dysfunctions observed in metabolic syndrome.Fil: Bernardes, Nathalia. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Da Silva Dias, Danielle. Universidade Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Fernandes Stoyell Conti, Filipe. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: De Oliveira Brito Monzani, Janaina. Universidade Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Malfitano, Christiane. Universidade Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Garcia Caldini, Elia. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ulloa, Luis. Universidade Nove de Julho; BrasilFil: Llesuy, Susana Francisca. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica. Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, Maria Cláudia. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: De Angelis, Kátia. Universidade Nove de Julho; Brasi

Metastatic Hemangiosarcoma in a Cow

Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial cells that mainly affects dogs and is less common in horses, cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep. In ruminants, however, few cases of hemangiosarcoma have been reported. Although this neoplasm may primarily occur in any tissue, it most often originates in the spleen, liver, heart, and skin. This study reports the clinical and pathological findings of a bovine hemangiosarcoma.Case: A 10-year-old lactating Girolando cow from the municipality of Vassouras/RJ was examinated because of uncontrolled cough and bilateral hemoptysis, loss of appetite, fever, weight loss, severe decline in milk production (a decrease of 28 L), and respiratory wheezing during chest auscultation. We performed a necropsy and collected fragments of various organs which were fixed using 10% buffered formalin and sent to the Pathology Anatomy Sector (SAP) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) for routine histological assessment. Macroscopically, large hemorrhagic areas were observed in the lungs, mainly in the cranioventral portion of the pulmonary lobes, multifocal areas of hemorrhages in the liver, and a 10x8x5 cm soft red mass was observed in the spleen. Microscopically, was observed lung proliferation of endothelial cellsarranged in tapes, supported by a collagenous stroma associated with severe multifocal lobular hemorrhage with a large number of siderophages and diffuse and marked edema, and congestion. In the mediastinal lymph node, liver, and spleen, the proliferation of neoplastic endothelial cells equivalent to those described in the lungs was observed. The histologicalsections of liver and tumor spleen were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for von Willebrand factor, in which marking was observed in neoplastic endothelial cells.Discussion: Previously, neoplasms in Brazilian cattle have been presented as case reports or, more recently, as scarce retrospective studies, signifying that hemangiosarcoma is a rare neoplasm in the bovine species. Among several studies, we highlight the one conducted in Rio Grande do Sul with neoplastic lesions found in bovine slaughterhouses, in which onlyone case of hemangiosarcoma was observed in 1.5% (1 of 65) cattle. In addition, similarities were also noted in a study of neoplastic lesions in bovine slaughterhouses in Canada, in which hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed in 0.3% (4 of 1370) cattle. In the present study, the positive immunostaining of neoplastic endothelial cells was easily identified from von Willebrand factor, also called factor VIII, and is similar to other studies described in the literature. In a serie of twelve cases of vascular tumors in domestic animals (dogs, horses and cattle), 100% were positive for von Willebrand factor and served to distinguish tumors of epithelial or histiocytic origin. Although the clinical signs observed in our case are non-specific, hemoptysis was the most intense signal and the only clinical manifestation that may indicate an important pulmonary lesionthat indicated possible pulmonary neoplasm. Among other diseases, the acute form of Pteridium aquilinum poisoning, thrombocytopenia, anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity and vena cava syndrome might cause hemoptysis, and therefore, should be incorporated in the list of differential diagnoses of neoplasm that occur with pulmonary metastasis. Further, neoplastic and or hemorrhagic diseases affecting cattle should be differentiated of hemangiosarcoma.Keywords: hemangiosarcoma, diseases of cattle, neoplasia

Treinamento físico melhora a saúde cardiovascular em mulheres no climatério

Cardiovascular diseases are the most important cause of death in both sexes in the Western world. Accordingly, the climacterium, is a women life phase in which the cardiovascular risk is much higher leading to an elevated morbi-mortality observed in this population. This fact may be justified, at least in part, by the current evidences that estrogen has a cardio protector function, and this hormone has been associated to the control of some risk factors such as obesity, hypertension and dislipidemia. However, many studies have indicated that the exercise training can be an important non-pharmacological approach in the reduction and/or attenuation of cardiovascular riskAs doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) constituem a mais importante causa de morte em ambos os sexos no mundo ocidental. Nesse sentido, o climatério é uma etapa no ciclo de vida das mulheres no qual o risco cardiovascular está muito aumentado favorecendo um incremento da morbi-mortalidade observada nesta população. Esse fato pode ser explicado, pelo menos em parte, pelas atuais evidências de que o estrogênio tem uma função cardioprotetora, e este hormônio tem sido associado ao controle de alguns fatores de risco como a obesidade, hipertensão arterial e a dislipidemia. Todavia, muitos estudos têm postulado que o treinamento físico pode ser uma importante abordagem não farmacológica na redução e/ou atenuação de fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres após a menopausa

EFICIÊNCIA COM SEGURANÇA: INTEGRAÇÃO DO IEC 61850 COM O IEC 62351 PARA MITIGAR RISCOS DE ATAQUES CIBERNÉTICOS EM SUBESTAÇÕES DIGITAIS

A automação de subestações elétricas desempenha um papel crítico na modernização e eficiência dos sistemas de energia elétrica. No entanto, a crescente dependência do protocolo IEC 61850 para comunicação e controle pode criar vulnerabilidades significativas à segurança cibernética. Este artigo explora a importância do IEC 61850 no monitoramento de subestações além de destacar a necessidade de integração com o IEC 62351 como uma medida crucial para mitigar os riscos de ataque cibernético.https://revistaft.com.br/eficiencia-com-seguranca-integracao-do-iec-61850-com-o-iec-62351-para-mitigar-riscos-de-ataques-ciberneticos-em-subestacoes-digitais

Associação prevalência e fatores de risco entre obesidade e câncer de mama

In Brazil and worldwide, an increase in breast cancer rates every year, so obese individuals have a risk of 1.5 to 3.5 more likely to develop cancer and obesity is also a risk factor for other cancers. . This article aims to analyze the association, prevalence and risk factors between obesity and breast cancer. This is an integrative literature review conducted through the databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS). After selecting twenty articles, only seven were part of the final sample. According to the results obtained, in the association between breast cancer and obesity, it was found in most studies that these are directly interconnected, which present pre-obesity and general obesity among women with breast cancer. Such results are closely linked to women undergoing postmenopausal treatment. Regarding prevalence, it is high among the population studied, risk factors indicate sedentary lifestyle, low physical activity and low knowledge about its benefits. The present study is limited to the association prevalence and risk factors between obesity and breast cancer. Given the above is evident the importance of studies such as these, since they contribute directly to scholars in the area, as well as to the literature.En Brasil y en todo el mundo, un aumento en las tasas de cáncer de mama cada año, por lo que las personas obesas tienen un riesgo de 1.5 a 3.5 más probabilidades de desarrollar cáncer y la obesidad también es un factor de riesgo para otros tipos de cáncer. . Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la asociación, la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo entre la obesidad y el cáncer de mama. Esta es una revisión bibliográfica integradora realizada a través de las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), la Biblioteca Electrónica en Línea Científica (SCIELO) y la Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS). Después de seleccionar veinte artículos, solo siete formaron parte de la muestra final. Según los resultados obtenidos, en la asociación entre el cáncer de mama y la obesidad, se encontró en la mayoría de los estudios que estos están directamente interconectados, lo que presenta pre-obesidad y obesidad general entre las mujeres con cáncer de mama. Dichos resultados están estrechamente relacionados con las mujeres sometidas a tratamiento posmenopáusico. En cuanto a la prevalencia, es alta entre la población estudiada, los factores de riesgo indican un estilo de vida sedentario, baja actividad física y poco conocimiento sobre sus beneficios. El presente estudio se limita a la asociación entre prevalencia y factores de riesgo entre obesidad y cáncer de seno. Dado lo anterior es evidente la importancia de estudios como estos, ya que contribuyen directamente a los académicos en el área, así como a la literatura. No Brasil e no mundo a um aumento dos índice de câncer de mama a cada ano, logo os indivíduos obesos possuem um risco de 1,5 a 3,5 mais chances de desenvolver um câncer e a obesidade também é fator de risco para outros canceres. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a associação, prevalência e fatores de risco entre obesidade e câncer de mama. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada através dos bancos de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências em Saúde (LILACS). Após a seleção de vinte artigos, apenas sete fizeram parte da amostra final. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, na associação entre câncer de mama e obesidade, constatou-se na maioria dos estudos que estes estão diretamente interligados, os quais apresentam pré-obesidade e obesidade geral entre as mulheres com câncer de mama. Tais resultados estão intimamente ligados a mulheres em tratamento na pós-menopausa. Em relação à prevalência, esta se encontra alta entre a população estudada, os fatores de risco apontam o sedentarismo, a baixa realização de atividades físicas e o baixo conhecimento acerca dos benefícios da mesma. O presente estudo limita-se a associação prevalência e fatores de risco entre obesidade e câncer de mama. Diante do exposto fica evidente a importância de estudos como estes, desde que contribuem diretamente para os estudiosos da área, bem como para a literatura