Statistical Communication Theory

Contains reports on three research projects

Nephroprotective Effect of Garlic Chives (Allium Tuberosum) on Bun and Creatinine Levels of Wistar Rats Induced by Doxorubicin

Cancer is the most leading disease that cause of death. Doxorubicin chemotherapy is often used in cancer treatment, because of its effectiveness. Although doxorubicin has a positive effect for killing cancer cell, doxorubicin has many side effects, one of which doxorubicin can cause kidney damage through the process of interstitial fibrosis. Utilization garlic chives extract as co chemotherapy to reduce renal damage induced by doxorubicin is a prospective opportunities. This study aimed to analyze the effect of garlic chives extract as a nephroprotective on levels of BUN and creatinine of wistar rats induced by doxorubicin. The research method was quasi experimental design with post test only randomized controlled group. The results showed that extracts of garlic chives can reduce levels of BUN and creatinine (p <0.05) in the group that only induced by doxorubicin. In conclusion, extract of garlic chives has nephroprotecive effects on wistar rats which were induced by doxorubicin

Statistical Communication Theory

Contains reports on five research projects

Statistical Communication Theory

Contains forward and reports on nine research projects

Effects of 1,3,4-thiadiazine compound with antidepressant properties in ligation model of acute pancreatitis

Based on hypotheses concerning the role of stress in acute pancreatitis development, the experimental approach for the decrease stress damage via the use the compound with proven antistress/neuroleptic action was conducted. The study was aimed to discover 2-morpholino-5-phenyl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine hydrobromide (compound L-17) therapeutic action in experimental acute pancreatitis. The experimental model used was the ligation model. The trial was carried out on 50 male Wistar rats with average body weight 180-240g. Histological picture of the pancreas was studied and biochemical and enzyme-immunoassays were carried out on the first and seventh days. The significant reduction in mortality on the background of L-17 compound administration was observed. While levels of all cytokines increased in induced experimental acute pancreatitis groups, the cytokine level rise was decreased when compound L-17 was administered. On the cellular level, the study revealed L-17’s ability to prevent granulocytosis and decrease granulocytes infiltration to inflammatory foci. The decrease in inflammatory reaction magnitude and prevention of abscess formation in experimental acute pancreatitis accompanied by sistemic inflamamtion was due to L-17’s ability to reduce neutrophilia and neutrophil entry into the injury zone. © 2018, Slovak Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.Government Council on Grants, Russian FederationMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 17.7255.2017/8.9AAAA-A18-118020690020-1Funding information. Partly the study was supported by the Act 211 of the Government of Russian Federation, contract No 02.A03.21.0006; Government contract of Russian Federation with Institute of Immunology and Physiology (AAAA-A18-118020690020-1) and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (# 17.7255.2017/8.9)

Semantic mutation testing

This is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version can be obtained from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 ElsevierMutation testing is a powerful and flexible test technique. Traditional mutation testing makes a small change to the syntax of a description (usually a program) in order to create a mutant. A test suite is considered to be good if it distinguishes between the original description and all of the (functionally non-equivalent) mutants. These mutants can be seen as representing potential small slips and thus mutation testing aims to produce a test suite that is good at finding such slips. It has also been argued that a test suite that finds such small changes is likely to find larger changes. This paper describes a new approach to mutation testing, called semantic mutation testing. Rather than mutate the description, semantic mutation testing mutates the semantics of the language in which the description is written. The mutations of the semantics of the language represent possible misunderstandings of the description language and thus capture a different class of faults. Since the likely misunderstandings are highly context dependent, this context should be used to determine which semantic mutants should be produced. The approach is illustrated through examples with statecharts and C code. The paper also describes a semantic mutation testing tool for C and the results of experiments that investigated the nature of some semantic mutation operators for C

Sox6 Directly Silences Epsilon Globin Expression in Definitive Erythropoiesis

Sox6 is a member of the Sox transcription factor family that is defined by the conserved high mobility group (HMG) DNA binding domain, first described in the testis determining gene, Sry. Previous studies have suggested that Sox6 plays a role in the development of the central nervous system, cartilage, and muscle. In the Sox6-deficient mouse, p(100H), ɛy globin is persistently expressed, and increased numbers of nucleated red cells are present in the fetal circulation. Transfection assays in GM979 (erythroleukemic) cells define a 36–base pair region of the ɛy proximal promoter that is critical for Sox6 mediated repression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrate that Sox6 acts as a repressor by directly binding to the ɛy promoter. The normal expression of Sox6 in wild-type fetal liver and the ectopic expression of ɛy in p(100H) homozygous fetal liver demonstrate that Sox6 functions in definitive erythropoiesis. The present study shows that Sox6 is required for silencing of ɛy globin in definitive erythropoiesis and suggests a role for Sox6 in erythroid cell maturation. Thus, Sox6 regulation of ɛy globin might provide a novel therapeutical target in the treatment of hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia

Role of e- and p-cadherins in basal-like type of invasive lobular breast cancer

The expression of E-, P-cadherins and associated molecules β- and p120-catenins was examined. The studied group included 50 appropriated cases. Expression of E-cadherin and associated molecules on breast cancer cells was detected by immunohistochemical method with use of specific antibodies. In the majority of the cases (88%) coexpression of E- and P-cadherins was found, β- and p120-catenins, which associated with E- and P-cadherins, expressed in 28 and 84% respectively. The correlation between the parameters was r=0.36 (p<0.05). The appearance of β- and p120-catenins expression suggests start of signal pathways leading to increase of motility and invasion of breast cancer cells. Also, the correlation between P-cadherin and p120-catenin was found (r=0.43, p<0.05), that proves realization of P-cadherin-p120-catenin-RhoGTFase, Rac1, Cdc42 pathway, results in destabilization of actin cytoskeleton, increase of motility and invasion of tumor cells.Нами изучена экспрессия Е-кадгерина. Р-кадгерина и ассоциированных с ними молекул β-катенина и р120-катенина при прибазальноподобном типе инвазивного долькового рака молочной железы. В исследуемую группу вошли 50 соответствующих случаев. Экспрессию кадгеринов и ассоциированных с ними молекул на клетках рака молочной железы определяли при помощи иммуногистохимического метода с использованием специфических антител. В большинстве случаев (88%) обнаружена коэкспрессия Е-кадгерина и Р-кадгерина. Ассоциированные с Е- и Р-кадгерином β- и р120-катенины экспрессировались в 28 и 84% случаев соответственно. Корреляция между указанными параметрами составила r=0,36 (р<0,05). Появление экспрессии β- и р120-катенинов свидетельствует о запуске сигнальных путей, приводящих к увеличению подвижности и инвазии опухолевых клеток. Также выявлена корреляционная связь между экспрессией Р-кадгерина и р120-катенина, r=0,43 (р<0,05), что подтверждает реализацию сигнального пути Р-кадгерин-р120-катенин-RhoGTFase, Rac1, Cdc42, результатом которого является дестабилизация актиновогоцитоскелета, увеличение подвижности и инвазии опухолевых клеток

Features of expression of epitelial-mesenchymal transition markers E-cadherin and Vimentin in different immunohistochemical subtypes of breast cancer

The aim of the research was to study markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition E-cadherin andvimentin in different immunohistochemical subtypes of infiltrative lobular breast carcinoma. We found decrease of E-cadherin expression in 21% of Luminal A, in 18% of Luminal В and in 8% cases of Basal-like subtypes. We did not find any decrease of E-cadherin expression in HER-2 overexpression subtype. Presence of vimentin expression was found in 76% cases of Luminal A, 65%cases in Luminal B, 60% casesin HER-2 overexpression and 24% cases of Basal-like subtypes. Level of E-cadherin expression associates with presence of ER and PR expression.Целью исследования стало изучениемаркеров эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода Е-кадгерина и виментина в разных иммуногистохимических подтипах инфильтративной дольковой карциномы молочной железы. Было выявлено снижение экспрессии Е-кадгерина в подтипе Luminal А в 21%, Luminal В в 18%, Basal-like в 8% случаев и отсутствие снижения экспрессии Е-кадгерина в подтипе HER-2 overexpression. Появление экспрессии виментина отмечалось в 76% случаев noflTnneLuminalA, в 65% случаевв noflTnneLuminal В, в 60% случаев в подтипе HER-2 overexpression, в 24% случаев в подтипе Basal-like. Уровень экспрессии Е-кадгерина связан с наличием экспрессии рецепторов эстрогена и прогестерона

Prevalence of visual impairment, cataract surgery and awareness of cataract and glaucoma in Bhaktapur district of Nepal: The Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cataract and glaucoma are the major causes of blindness in Nepal. Bhaktapur is one of the three districts of Kathmandu valley which represents a metropolitan city with a predominantly agrarian rural periphery. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of visual impairment, cataract surgery and awareness of cataract and glaucoma among subjects residing in this district of Nepal.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects aged 40 years and above was selected using a cluster sampling methodology and a door to door enumeration was conducted for a population based cross sectional study. During the community field work, 11499 subjects underwent a structured interview regarding awareness (heard of) and knowledge (understanding of the disease) of cataract and glaucoma. At the base hospital 4003 out of 4800 (83.39%) subjects underwent a detailed ocular examination including log MAR visual acuity, refraction, applanation tonometry, cataract grading (LOCSΙΙ), retinal examination and SITA standard perimetry when indicated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The age-sex adjusted prevalence of blindness (best corrected <3/60) and low vision (best corrected <6/18 ≥3/60) was 0.43% (95%C.I. 0.25 - 0.68) and 3.97% (95% C.I. 3.40 - 4.60) respectively. Cataract (53.3%) was the principal cause of blindness. The leading causes of low vision were cataract (60.8%) followed by refractive error (12%). The cataract surgical coverage was 90.36% and was higher in the younger age group, females and illiterate subjects. Pseudophakia was seen in 94%. Awareness of cataract (6.7%) and glaucoma (2.4%) was very low. Among subjects who were aware, 70.4% had knowledge of cataract and 45.5% of glaucoma. Cataract was commonly known to be a 'pearl like dot' white opacity in the eye while glaucoma was known to cause blindness. Awareness remained unchanged in different age groups for cataract while for glaucoma there was an increase in awareness with age. Women were significantly less aware (odds ratio (OR): 0.63; 95%, confidence interval (CI): 0.54 - 0.74) for cataract and (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.50 - 0.81) for glaucoma. Literacy was also correlated with awareness.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The low prevalence of visual impairment and the high cataract surgical coverage suggests that cataract intervention programs have been successful in Bhaktapur. Awareness and knowledge of cataract and glaucoma was very poor among this population. Eye care programs needs to be directed towards preventing visual impairment from refractive errors, screening for incurable chronic eye diseases and promoting health education in order to raise awareness on cataract and glaucoma among this population.</p