20 research outputs found
Problematizando ExperiĂȘncias de VĂtimas de ViolĂȘncias: IndagaçÔes e AnĂĄlises
TĂtulo Problematizando experiĂȘncias de vĂtimas de violĂȘncia: indagaçÔes e anĂĄlises.
Autor Thiago Sandrini Mansur
RESUMO
Em geral, as reflexĂ”es sobre as pessoas que sofrem algum tipo de violĂȘncia foram, por muito tempo, negligenciadas pelas sociedades em todo o mundo. Isso se torna ainda mais enfĂĄtico no que diz respeito aos segmentos menos favorecidos da sociedade, sobretudo com relação Ă queles que estĂŁo confinados em estabelecimentos de internação. No Brasil, este cenĂĄrio foi se modificando lentamente ao longo do sĂ©culo XX, ganhando novos contornos por meio das experiĂȘncias dos movimentos de defesa dos direitos humanos, sobretudo, a partir do perĂodo de contestação Ă ditadura militar. Num perĂodo mais recente de nossa histĂłria, o surgimento de centros de apoio Ă s vĂtimas de violĂȘncia pode ser considerado como uma maneira de colocar em anĂĄlise as diversas formas de manifestação da violĂȘncia, embora tais estabelecimentos nĂŁo sejam os Ășnicos, nem os primeiros a fazer isso. Os centros de apoio se tornaram locais nĂŁo somente para que as vĂtimas de violĂȘncia recebessem atendimento, mas, sobretudo, para que se incitasse a luta pela responsabilização de seus algozes e a criação de novos paradigmas para uma cultura de paz e nĂŁo-violĂȘncia. Tendo em vista este cenĂĄrio, objetivou-se problematizar as experiĂȘncias de pessoas que foram atingidas pela violĂȘncia, residentes na RegiĂŁo Metropolitana da Grande VitĂłria e que buscaram apoio em um desses centros de atendimento. Problematizar uma experiĂȘncia significa se perguntar como um conjunto de prĂĄticas discursivas e nĂŁo discursivas que antes era aceito em uma sociedade sem questionamentos e tido como familiar e natural se torna um motivo de preocupação, incitando discussĂ”es, polemizando debates, suscitando mudanças de comportamento e instigando novos hĂĄbitos. Para alcançar tal propĂłsito, foram realizadas atividades em grupo, nas quais se problematizou as experiĂȘncias de mĂŁes que tiveram seus filhos violentados por agentes do Estado, quando em cumprimento de medida sĂłcio-educativa de privação de liberdade. TambĂ©m foram feitas entrevistas de restituição nas quais as mĂŁes puderam avaliar as experiĂȘncias em grupo, bem como discutir os resultados e as conclusĂ”es da pesquisa. O objetivo dessas atividades foi compreender que prĂĄticas discursivas e nĂŁo-discursivas sobre (e de) vĂtimas de violĂȘncia se atualizam atravĂ©s de falas, açÔes, sentimentos e pensamentos. A que supostas verdades remetem? Que relaçÔes de saber-poder fazem funcionar? Como a experiĂȘncia de estar em grupo coloca em questĂŁo certos modos de ser das vĂtimas? Em primeiro lugar, evidenciou-se que as pessoas participantes da pesquisa eram, em sua grande maioria, pobres, afro-descendentes, moradores de periferia e com baixa escolaridade, justamente o perfil tĂpico das pessoas atingidas pela violĂȘncia. Os resultados e as discussĂ”es levaram Ă conclusĂŁo de que muitas das pessoas atingidas pela violĂȘncia, bem como seus familiares, embora sob esse forte impacto, apostaram e ainda apostam em afirmar a vida, ao invĂ©s de se colocarem no lugar de resignação, que muitas vezes Ă© destinado Ă s vĂtimas. Percebeu-se que conhecer e compartilhar as experiĂȘncias dessas pessoas pode contribuir para a discussĂŁo acadĂȘmica do problema e para a transformação de alguns dos efeitos deletĂ©rios da violĂȘncia. Atualmente, quando falamos em vĂtimas de violĂȘncia, imediatamente nos surgem imagens de indivĂduos passivos e inertes que padecem na dor pelo resto de suas vidas. Tais imagens estĂŁo atreladas a uma visĂŁo intimista da realidade (SENNET, 1998), na qual se pensam as experiĂȘncias como vivĂȘncias individuais e particulares de cada um. Sendo assim, aquilo que uma pessoa vive diria respeito apenas a ela mesma e a mais ninguĂ©m. A existĂȘncia dos centros de apoio Ă s vĂtimas de violĂȘncia delimita a constituição de espaços em que essas experiĂȘncias podem ser problematizadas em suas verdades instituĂdas. Entendemos que problematizar uma experiĂȘncia Ă© evidenciar seu carĂĄter de produção histĂłrica e social. Isto significa dizer que aquilo que denominamos vĂtima de violĂȘncia apresenta-se como uma forma circunstancial e provisĂłria, ou seja, nĂŁo-natural.
Palavras-chave: ViolĂȘncia; VĂtima; ExperiĂȘncia
Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study
BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8âmlâkg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500âml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] mlâkg-1 PBW, Pâ<â0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), Pâ<â0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223
Lâinvention de LĂ©ocade : reliques et figures dâauteur dans les Miracles de Nostre Dame de Gautier de Coinci
Sainte LĂ©ocade domine la composition et lâarchitecture des Miracles de Nostre Dame de Gautier de Coinci. Elle fournit notamment le sujet des deux imposants miracles qui encadrent le premier livre â Dâun archevesque qui fu a Tholete (I Mir 11) et Comment sainte Leochade fu perdue (I Mir 44) â et qui, complĂ©tĂ©s de trois chansons, forment le « cycle de LĂ©ocade », recueil Ă lâintĂ©rieur du recueil, dont la constitution a donnĂ© au poĂšte lâallant nĂ©cessaire Ă lâĂ©criture du second livre des Miracles. Or le rĂŽle dĂ©terminant de LĂ©ocade dans le recueil ne rend que plus frappant le flou dĂ©libĂ©rĂ© qui rĂšgne sur la nature de ses reliques : sâagit-il dâun fragment dâĂ©toffe, dâossements ou dâautre chose ? Face au silence du texte, les images apportent des rĂ©ponses aussi variĂ©es que signifiantes. Leur Ă©tude nourrit ainsi lâinterprĂ©tation littĂ©raire autant quâelle dĂ©couvre ce quâil en est de la rĂ©ception, ou des rĂ©ceptions, de lâĆuvre de Gautier. Que choisit-on de montrer ? La question est cruciale, sâagissant de reprĂ©senter des reliques par essence invisibles, destinĂ©es Ă ĂȘtre enfouies dans une chĂąsse ou un trĂ©sor. Cet article Ă deux mains, par une historienne de lâart et une spĂ©cialiste de la littĂ©rature, se propose dâexaminer la question centrale des reliques de sainte LĂ©ocade dans les Miracles de Nostre Dame, Ă travers le double prisme du texte et des images prĂ©servĂ©es dans diffĂ©rents manuscrits. Cette double approche, littĂ©rature et histoire de lâart, trouve dans le recueil lui-mĂȘme sa meilleure motivation : dans lâĂpilogue, Gautier dĂ©signe la confection des Miracles comme le fruit dâune Ă©troite collaboration avec Robert de Dive qui les fait enluminer.Saint Leocade plays a very important role in the composition and architecture of Gautier de Coinciâs Miracles de Nostre Dame. Interestingly, she is at the center of two long miracles that frame the first book of Miracles â Dâun archevesque qui fu a Tholete (I Mir 11) and Comment sainte Leochade fu perdue (I Mir 44) â and that form, together with three chansons, the âLeocadeâs cycleâ, the make up of which gives the poet the impulse to write the second book of Miracles. But Leocadeâs importance also makes the uncertainly surrounding her relics all the more surprising: are these a snippet of cloth, some bones or anything else? While the text remains silent, the images provide various answers. Thus, their study guides the literary interpretation and gives information about Gautierâs medieval reception(s). What did the artists choose to show? The question is crucial, since they aimed at representing relics supposed to be kept hidden in a coffin or a treasure. This article, by an art historian and a specialist of literature, will examin Saint Leocadeâs relics in the Miracles de Nostre Dame through both text and images from various preserved manuscripts. In fact, this double approach, literature and history of art, is encouraged by the book itself, given that Gautier, in the Epilogue, says that the Miraclesâ setting-up results from a narrow collaboration between him and Robert de Dive, who has had the texts illuminated
Le Don des lettres. Alphabet et poĂ©sie au Moyen Ăge
International audienceMerveilleux abĂ©cĂ©daire de la poĂ©sie mĂ©diĂ©vale, Le Don des lettres envisage chacun des signes de lâalphabet au prisme des jeux de lettres, de mots et dâesprit qui fleurissent dans la littĂ©rature manuscrite entre le XIIe et le XVe siĂšcle.Câest ainsi quâau dĂ©tour du chapitre consacrĂ© Ă la lettre R, on rencontre le Saint Louis de Joinville comparant aux rĂąteaux du diable lâinitiale du verbe rendre ou que, dans le chapitre M, un chevalier du Dit des huit couleurs de Watriquet de Couvin reçoit de VĂ©nus lâinitiale dâun prĂ©nom fĂ©minin qui consonne avec le verbe « aime ».DestinĂ© aux amatrices et amateurs de la littĂ©rature mĂ©diĂ©vale dĂ©sireux dâen dĂ©couvrir les richesses, ce livre assortit le texte dâun corpus de lettrines et de miniatures richement commentĂ©es. Le dialogue entre les mots et lâimage Ă©claire ainsi dâune lumiĂšre inĂ©dite les rapports fĂ©conds de lâalphabet et de la poĂ©sie au Moyen Ăge
Le Don des lettres. Alphabet et poĂ©sie au Moyen Ăge
International audienceMerveilleux abĂ©cĂ©daire de la poĂ©sie mĂ©diĂ©vale, Le Don des lettres envisage chacun des signes de lâalphabet au prisme des jeux de lettres, de mots et dâesprit qui fleurissent dans la littĂ©rature manuscrite entre le XIIe et le XVe siĂšcle.Câest ainsi quâau dĂ©tour du chapitre consacrĂ© Ă la lettre R, on rencontre le Saint Louis de Joinville comparant aux rĂąteaux du diable lâinitiale du verbe rendre ou que, dans le chapitre M, un chevalier du Dit des huit couleurs de Watriquet de Couvin reçoit de VĂ©nus lâinitiale dâun prĂ©nom fĂ©minin qui consonne avec le verbe « aime ».DestinĂ© aux amatrices et amateurs de la littĂ©rature mĂ©diĂ©vale dĂ©sireux dâen dĂ©couvrir les richesses, ce livre assortit le texte dâun corpus de lettrines et de miniatures richement commentĂ©es. Le dialogue entre les mots et lâimage Ă©claire ainsi dâune lumiĂšre inĂ©dite les rapports fĂ©conds de lâalphabet et de la poĂ©sie au Moyen Ăge
Le Don des lettres. Alphabet et poĂ©sie au Moyen Ăge
International audienceMerveilleux abĂ©cĂ©daire de la poĂ©sie mĂ©diĂ©vale, Le Don des lettres envisage chacun des signes de lâalphabet au prisme des jeux de lettres, de mots et dâesprit qui fleurissent dans la littĂ©rature manuscrite entre le XIIe et le XVe siĂšcle.Câest ainsi quâau dĂ©tour du chapitre consacrĂ© Ă la lettre R, on rencontre le Saint Louis de Joinville comparant aux rĂąteaux du diable lâinitiale du verbe rendre ou que, dans le chapitre M, un chevalier du Dit des huit couleurs de Watriquet de Couvin reçoit de VĂ©nus lâinitiale dâun prĂ©nom fĂ©minin qui consonne avec le verbe « aime ».DestinĂ© aux amatrices et amateurs de la littĂ©rature mĂ©diĂ©vale dĂ©sireux dâen dĂ©couvrir les richesses, ce livre assortit le texte dâun corpus de lettrines et de miniatures richement commentĂ©es. Le dialogue entre les mots et lâimage Ă©claire ainsi dâune lumiĂšre inĂ©dite les rapports fĂ©conds de lâalphabet et de la poĂ©sie au Moyen Ăge
Le Don des lettres. Alphabet et poĂ©sie au Moyen Ăge
International audienceMerveilleux abĂ©cĂ©daire de la poĂ©sie mĂ©diĂ©vale, Le Don des lettres envisage chacun des signes de lâalphabet au prisme des jeux de lettres, de mots et dâesprit qui fleurissent dans la littĂ©rature manuscrite entre le XIIe et le XVe siĂšcle.Câest ainsi quâau dĂ©tour du chapitre consacrĂ© Ă la lettre R, on rencontre le Saint Louis de Joinville comparant aux rĂąteaux du diable lâinitiale du verbe rendre ou que, dans le chapitre M, un chevalier du Dit des huit couleurs de Watriquet de Couvin reçoit de VĂ©nus lâinitiale dâun prĂ©nom fĂ©minin qui consonne avec le verbe « aime ».DestinĂ© aux amatrices et amateurs de la littĂ©rature mĂ©diĂ©vale dĂ©sireux dâen dĂ©couvrir les richesses, ce livre assortit le texte dâun corpus de lettrines et de miniatures richement commentĂ©es. Le dialogue entre les mots et lâimage Ă©claire ainsi dâune lumiĂšre inĂ©dite les rapports fĂ©conds de lâalphabet et de la poĂ©sie au Moyen Ăge
Le Don des lettres. Alphabet et poĂ©sie au Moyen Ăge
International audienceMerveilleux abĂ©cĂ©daire de la poĂ©sie mĂ©diĂ©vale, Le Don des lettres envisage chacun des signes de lâalphabet au prisme des jeux de lettres, de mots et dâesprit qui fleurissent dans la littĂ©rature manuscrite entre le XIIe et le XVe siĂšcle.Câest ainsi quâau dĂ©tour du chapitre consacrĂ© Ă la lettre R, on rencontre le Saint Louis de Joinville comparant aux rĂąteaux du diable lâinitiale du verbe rendre ou que, dans le chapitre M, un chevalier du Dit des huit couleurs de Watriquet de Couvin reçoit de VĂ©nus lâinitiale dâun prĂ©nom fĂ©minin qui consonne avec le verbe « aime ».DestinĂ© aux amatrices et amateurs de la littĂ©rature mĂ©diĂ©vale dĂ©sireux dâen dĂ©couvrir les richesses, ce livre assortit le texte dâun corpus de lettrines et de miniatures richement commentĂ©es. Le dialogue entre les mots et lâimage Ă©claire ainsi dâune lumiĂšre inĂ©dite les rapports fĂ©conds de lâalphabet et de la poĂ©sie au Moyen Ăge
Fatigue is cross-sectionally not associated with objective assessments of inflammation, but changes in fatigue are associated with changes of disease activity assessments during biologic treatment of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis
Objective
The associations between fatigue and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not been defined. The present objectives were to explore in RA patients the cross-sectional and longitudinal relation of fatigue with subjective as well as objective assessments of disease activity.
Methods
RA patients were consecutively included when initiating biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and assessed at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months with investigation of fatigue, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs; joint pain and patientâs global disease activity, MHAQ, pain catastrophizing, Mental Health score), clinical examinations (examinerâs global disease activity, 28 tender and swollen joint counts), and laboratory variables (ESR, CRP, calprotectin). Ultrasound examinations (semi-quantitative scoring (0â3)) with grey scale and power Doppler were performed of 36 joints and 4 tendons. Statistics included one-way analysis of variance, Pearsonâs correlations, and multiple linear and logistic regression analysis.
Results
A total of 208 RA patients (mean (SD) age 53.2 (13.2) years, disease duration 9.8 (8.5) years) were included. Fatigue levels diminished during follow-up (mean (SD) baseline/12 months; 4.8 (2.8)/3.0 (2.5) (p < 0.001)). Substantial correlations were cross-sectionally found between fatigue and PROMs (median (IQR) r=0.61 (0.52-0.71)) but not with the objective inflammatory assessments. During follow-up, baseline fatigue was associated with PROMs (p < 0.001) but not with objective inflammatory assessments. However, change of fatigue was associated with change in all variables. Higher baseline fatigue levels were associated with lower clinical composite score remission rates.
Conclusion
Fatigue was cross-sectionally associated to subjective but not to objective disease assessments. However, change of fatigue during treatment was associated to all assessments of disease activity