9 research outputs found

    Performance diagnostique des signes cliniques chez les patients suspects de méningite

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    Introduction : Les pathologies infectieuses constituent un motif frĂ©quent de recours aux SAU. Parmi celles-ci, les infections neuromĂ©ningĂ©es revĂȘtent une place particuliĂšre du fait d'une mortalitĂ© et d'une morbiditĂ© trĂšs Ă©levĂ©es. La prĂ©cocitĂ© du traitement conditionne le pronostic. Pourtant, malgrĂ© de rĂ©centes rĂ©elles avancĂ©es thĂ©rapeutiques, des travaux cliniques manquent. Ainsi, la pertinence des signes cliniques n'a Ă©tĂ© que peu Ă©valuĂ©e lors des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies. Nous avons ainsi souhaitĂ© rĂ©aliser une Ă©tude sur la performance diagnostique de ces signes cliniques. Patients et MĂ©thodes : Nous avons menĂ© une Ă©tude clinique rĂ©trospective monocentrique sur dossiers dans un SAU universitaire (65 000 passages/an). Tous les patients (adultes), admis au SAU au cours de l'annĂ©e 2010, chez lesquels une ponction lombaire a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour suspicion d'infection neuromĂ©ningĂ©e, ont Ă©tĂ© inclus dans cette Ă©tude. Ont Ă©tĂ© colligĂ©s les donnĂ©es anamnestiques, les antĂ©cĂ©dents, les signes fonctionnels, gĂ©nĂ©raux et les donnĂ©es de l'examen physique. Les rĂ©sultats de la ponction lombaire ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© recueillis. Ainsi, une cinquantaine d'items sont pris en compte pour l'analyse statistique. Le diagnostic final retenu ("gold standard") Ă©tait celui posĂ© en fin d'hospitalisation. La performance diagnostique des signes cliniques est Ă©valuĂ©e grĂące aux sensibilitĂ©, spĂ©cificitĂ©, rapport de vraisemblance et aux courbes ROC (lorsqu'elles celles-ci sont rĂ©alisables). Un test diagnostique est d'autant plus intĂ©ressant que sa sensibilitĂ© ou sa spĂ©cificitĂ© sont Ă©levĂ©es. On considĂšre gĂ©nĂ©ralement qu'un rapport de vraisemblance supĂ©rieur Ă  5 ou une aire sous la courbe supĂ©rieure Ă  0.80 confirment l'utilitĂ© du test. RĂ©sultats : Deux cent six patients ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. Pour 49 d'entre eux, le diagnostic d'atteinte neuromĂ©nigĂ©e sera retenu (14 mĂ©ningites bactĂ©riennes, 33 mĂ©ningites virales, 2 hĂ©morragies mĂ©ningĂ©es) contre 157 diagnostics alternatifs. Les performances diagnostiques des signes cliniques sont mĂ©diocres. Seuls 2 signes ont une sensibilitĂ© supĂ©rieure Ă  0.9 : la prĂ©sence de cĂ©phalĂ©es et de nausĂ©es/vomissements Ă  l'admission. La spĂ©cificitĂ© est supĂ©rieure Ă  0.9 pour les signes suivants : troubles de vigilance comme motif d'admission, prĂ©sence de purpura ou de myalgies Ă  l'examen physique. Enfin, les rapport de vraisemblance des signes cliniques pris isolĂ©ment sont tous infĂ©rieurs Ă  3, tĂ©moignant dans ce contexte d'une contribution pauvre. Conclusion : Les donnĂ©es recueillies sont cohĂ©rentes avec les donnĂ©es de la littĂ©rature. Elles permettent d'illustrer 2 points essentiels. D'une part, la faible performance diagnostique de signes cliniques pris isolĂ©ment. Des investigations complĂ©mentaires doivent permettre de combiner les signes afin d'obtenir un rendement diagnostique meilleur. Mais, ce que cette Ă©tude et l'analyse de la littĂ©rature permettent de souligner, c'est la nĂ©cessitĂ© d'une Ă©tude prospective bien conduite aussi exhaustive que possible (suivant un examen clinique standardisĂ©) qui seule pourrait amener une rĂ©ponse claire Ă  la question posĂ©e.NANTES-BU MĂ©decine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Etude épidémiologique des pneumonies associées à la ventilation mécanique (conséquences pratiques)

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    MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes Sur la pĂ©riode Janvier 2001 - Juin 2003, nous avons conduit une Ă©tude prospective au sein du service de rĂ©animation mĂ©dicale polyvalente d'un hĂŽpital universitaire (1200 lits). Pour chaque Ă©pisode de PAV (prĂ©lĂšvement endobronchique systĂ©matique), ont notamment Ă©tĂ© recueillis les Ă©lĂ©ments suivants : Ăąge, sexe, bactĂ©rie(s) responsable(s) et son (leur) phĂ©notype de rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques, durĂ©e de ventilation mĂ©canique, antibiothĂ©rapie prĂ©alable, hospitalisation dans l'annĂ©e prĂ©cĂ©dente, immunodĂ©pression, nombre de PAV par patient, score de gravitĂ© initiale (IGS2), motif d'admission en rĂ©animation. Nous avons utilisĂ© un modĂšle statistique linĂ©aire gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ© Ă  effets mixtes nous permettant de dĂ©finir exactement le " cut-off " dĂ©fini plus haut ainsi que les facteurs de risque de rĂ©sistance. Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes attachĂ©s Ă  dĂ©finir un protocole d'antibiothĂ©rapie adaptĂ© au mieux Ă  l'Ă©cologie bactĂ©rienne Ă©tudiĂ©e. RĂ©sultats Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© 97 Ă©pisodes de PAV documentĂ©es chez 77 patients, causĂ©es par 106 bactĂ©ries. Les donnĂ©es dĂ©mographiques, la mortalitĂ© et l'Ă©cologie bactĂ©rienne que nous avons observĂ©s, sont conformes aux donnĂ©es de la littĂ©rature. En analyse univariĂ©e, tous les critĂšres Ă©tudiĂ©s , sauf le sexe, sont liĂ©s Ă  la rĂ©sistance de la (des) bactĂ©rie(s) responsable(s) de l'Ă©pisode de PAV. Nous avons prĂ©cisĂ©ment dĂ©fini le dĂ©lai au delĂ  duquel le risque de rĂ©sistance est plus Ă©levĂ©. Ce " cut-off " peut ĂȘtre dĂ©terminĂ© Ă  7 jours. En analyse multivariĂ©e, les 3 facteurs de risque de rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques sont : la durĂ©e de ventilation mĂ©canique supĂ©rieure ou Ă©gale Ă  7 jours entre le dĂ©but de la ventilation et le diagnostic de PAV (Odd Ratio, OR=2,83 ; IC95%=[1,85 ; 4,32]), le fait d'avoir dĂ©jĂ  Ă©tĂ© hospitalisĂ© dans l'annĂ©e prĂ©cĂ©dente (OR=1,96 ; IC95%=[1,14 ; 3,39]), l'Ăąge supĂ©rieur Ă  50 ans (OR=1,52 ; IC95%=[1,00 ; 2,30]). L'antibiothĂ©rapie prĂ©alable n'apparaĂźt pas en multivariĂ© comme un facteur de risque significatif. Dans une seconde partie, les diffĂ©rents protocoles d'antibiothĂ©rapie probabiliste sont prĂ©sentĂ©s et argumentĂ©s. Discussion A notre connaissance, il s'agit de la premiĂšre Ă©tude dĂ©finissant prĂ©cisĂ©ment le dĂ©lai au delĂ  duquel le risque d'isoler un germe rĂ©sistant est plus Ă©levĂ©. Les Ă©tudes prĂ©cĂ©dentes dĂ©finissaient ce " cut-off " arbitrairement (proposant 4, 5, 7 jours). Conclusion Au cours d'une PAV, le dĂ©lai au delĂ  duquel la probabilitĂ© d'isoler un germe rĂ©sistant aux antibiotiques est plus grand, peut ĂȘtre fixĂ© Ă  7 jours. Avoir Ă©tĂ© hospitalisĂ© dans l'annĂ©e ou ĂȘtre ĂągĂ© de plus de 50 ans, sont les autres facteurs de risque mis en Ă©vidence. La mise en place d'un protocole d'antibiothĂ©rapie probabiliste doit s'intĂ©grer dans une politique globale d'antibiothĂ©rapie et impliquer une Ă©quipe pluridisciplinaire.NANTES-BU MĂ©decine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Different Trajectories of Apathy and Depression Among Subjective Cognitive Impairment Individuals with or without Conversion to Dementia: Results from the Memento Cohort in France

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    International audienceBackground: Apathy and depression are two early behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related disorders that often occur prior to the onset of cognitive decline and memory disturbances. Both have been associated with an increased risk of conversion to dementia, with a distinct neuropathology. Objective: The assessment of the trajectories of apathy and depression and their independent impact on dementia conversion. Methods: Apathy and Depression were measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory for caregiver (NPI) and clinician (NPI-C), among the nondemented individuals reporting subjective cognitive decline (SCD) at baseline. They were followed up over a 60-month period. Some converted to dementia, according to the methodology carried out by the French Memento Cohort. Results: Among individuals with SCD (n = 2,323), the levels of apathy and depression were low and did not evolve significantly over the 60-month period, despite a trend in apathy increasing as of month 24. Regarding SCD individuals who converted to dementia within the 60-month period (n = 27), the prevalence of depression remained globally steady, while the levels of apathy increased over time. Conclusion: Apathy and depression have different trajectories among individuals with SCD and apathy alone is more likely—compared to depression—to be associated with conversion to dementia

    Persistent headaches one year after bacterial meningitis: prevalence, determinants and impact on quality of life

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    International audienceBackground: Little is known on headaches long-term persistence after bacterial meningitis and on their impact on patients' quality of life.Methods: In an ancillary study of the French national prospective cohort of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults (COMBAT) conducted between February 2013 and July 2015, we collected self-reported headaches before, at onset, and 12 months (M12) after meningitis. Determinants of persistent headache (PH) at M12, their association with M12 quality of life (SF 12), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and neuro-functional disability were analysed.Results: Among the 277 alive patients at M12 87/274 (31.8%), 213/271 (78.6%) and 86/277 (31.0%) reported headaches before, at the onset, and at M12, respectively. In multivariate analysis, female sex (OR: 2.75 [1.54-4.90]; p < 0.001), pre-existing headaches before meningitis (OR: 2.38 [1.32-4.30]; p < 0.01), higher neutrophilic polynuclei percentage in the CSF of the initial lumbar puncture (OR: 1.02 [1.00-1.04]; p < 0.05), and brain abscess during the initial hospitalisation (OR: 8.32 [1.97-35.16]; p < 0.01) were associated with M12 persistent headaches. Neither the responsible microorganism, nor the corticoids use were associated with M12 persistent headaches. M12 neuro-functional disability (altered Glasgow Outcome Scale; p < 0.01), M12 physical handicap (altered modified Rankin score; p < 0.001), M12 depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001), and M12 altered physical (p < 0.05) and mental (p < 0.0001) qualities of life were associated with M12 headaches.Conclusion: Persistent headaches are frequent one year after meningitis and are associated with quality of life alteration

    One-Year Sequelae and Quality of Life in Adults with Meningococcal Meningitis: Lessons from the COMBAT Multicentre Prospective Study

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    Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.Gov identification number NCT01730690.International audienceIntroduction: COMBAT is a prospective, multicentre cohort study that enrolled consecutive adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) in 69 participating centres in France between February 2013 and July 2015 and followed them for 1 year.Methods: Patients aged at least 18 years old, hospitalised with CABM were followed during their hospitalisation and then contacted by phone 12 months after enrolment. Here we present the prevalence of sequelae at 12 months in a subgroup of patients with meningococcal meningitis.Results: Five of the 111 patients with meningococcal meningitis died during initial hospitalisation and two died between discharge and 12 months, leaving 104 patients alive 1 year after enrolment, 71 of whom provided 12-month follow-up data. The median age was 30.0 years and 54.1% of the patients had no identified risk factor for meningitis. More than 30% reported persistent headache, more than 40% were not satisfied with their sleep and 10% had concentration difficulties. Hearing loss was present in about 15% of the patients and more than 30% had depressive symptoms. About 13% of the patients with a previous professional activity had not resumed work. On the SF-12 Health Survey, almost 50% and 30% had physical component or mental component scores lower than the 25th percentile of the score distribution in the French general population. There was a non-significant improvement in the patients' disability scores from hospital discharge to 12 months (p = 0.16), but about 10% of the patients had residual disability.Conclusions: Although most patients in our cohort survive meningococcal meningitis, the long-term burden is substantial and therefore it is important to ensure a prolonged follow-up of survivors and to promote preventive strategies, including vaccination

    Relationship between serotypes, disease characteristics and 30-day mortality in adults with invasive pneumococcal disease

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    Successful Thrombectomy Improves Functional Outcome in Tandem Occlusions with a Large Ischemic Core

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    International audienceBackground: Emergent stenting in tandem occlusions and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of acute ischemic stroke related to large vessel occlusion (LVO-AIS) with a large core are tested independently. We aim to assess the impact of reperfusion with MT in patients with LVO-AIS with a large core and a tandem occlusion and to compare the safety of reperfusion between large core with tandem and nontandem occlusions in current practice. Methods: We analyzed data of all consecutive patients included in the prospective Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Registry in France between January 2015 and March 2023 who presented with a pretreatment ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score) of 0–5 and angiographically proven tandem occlusion. The primary end point was a favorable outcome defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3 at 90 days. Results: Among 262 included patients with a tandem occlusion and ASPECTS 0–5, 203 patients (77.5%) had a successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction grade 2b-3). Reperfused patients had a favorable shift in the overall mRS score distribution (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.57 [1.22–2.03]; P < 0.001), higher rates of mRS score 0–3 (aOR, 7.03 [2.60–19.01]; P < 0.001) and mRS score 0–2 at 90 days (aOR, 3.85 [1.39–10.68]; P = 0.009) compared with nonreperfused. There was a trend between the occurrence of successful reperfusion and a decreased rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (aOR, 0.5 [0.22–1.13]; P = 0.096). Similar safety outcomes were observed after large core reperfusion in tandem and nontandem occlusions. Conclusions: Successful reperfusion was associated with a higher rate of favorable outcome in large core LVO-AIS with a tandem occlusion, with a safety profile similar to nontandem occlusion

    Clinical Effect of Early vs Late Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography in Memory Clinic Patients

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