663 research outputs found
Restrictions on infinite sequences of type IIB vacua
Ashok and Douglas have shown that infinite sequences of type IIB flux vacua
with imaginary self-dual flux can only occur in so-called D-limits,
corresponding to singular points in complex structure moduli space. In this
work we refine this no-go result by demonstrating that there are no infinite
sequences accumulating to the large complex structure point of a certain class
of one-parameter Calabi-Yau manifolds. We perform a similar analysis for
conifold points and for the decoupling limit, obtaining identical results.
Furthermore, we establish the absence of infinite sequences in a D-limit
corresponding to the large complex structure limit of a two-parameter
Calabi-Yau. In particular, our results demonstrate analytically that the series
of vacua recently discovered by Ahlqvist et al., seemingly accumulating to the
large complex structure point, are finite. We perform a numerical study of
these series close to the large complex structure point using appropriate
approximations for the period functions. This analysis reveals that the series
bounce out from the large complex structure point, and that the flux eventually
ceases to be imaginary self-dual. Finally, we study D-limits for F-theory
compactifications on K3\times K3 for which the finiteness of supersymmetric
vacua is already established. We do find infinite sequences of flux vacua which
are, however, identified by automorphisms of K3.Comment: 35 pages. v2. Typos corrected, ref. added. Matches published versio
Promotion of oxidative phosphorylation by complex I-anchored carbonic anhydrases?
The mitochondrial NADH-dehydrogenase complex of the respiratory chain, known as complex I, includes a carbonic anhydrase (CA) module attached to its membrane arm on the matrix side in protozoans, algae, and plants. Its physiological role is so far unclear. Recent electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) structures show that the CA module may directly provide protons for translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane at complex I. CAs can have a central role in adjusting the proton concentration in the mitochondrial matrix. We suggest that CA anchoring in complex I represents the original configuration to secure oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the context of early endosymbiosis. After development of âmodern mitochondriaâ with pronounced cristae structures, this anchoring became dispensable, but has been retained in protozoans, algae, and plants
Ăber die Hemmung des Flavivirins Makrocyclische Peptidderivate als Inhibitoren der NS2B-NS3-Protease des Zika-Virus und des West-Nil-Virus
Das Flavivirin oder die NS2B-NS3-Protease ist ein Enzym, das essentiell fĂŒr die Vermehrung aller Flavivirus-Spezies ist. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Möglichkeiten zur Hemmung des Flavivirins des Zika-Virus (ZIKV) und des West-Nil-Virus (WNV) durch cyclische Peptidderivate untersucht. Dazu wurden ĂŒber 100 Verbindungen hergestellt, die in enzymkinetischen Assays, Röntgenstrukturanalysen und Zellkulturexperimenten umfassend untersucht wurden. Die dabei gewonnen Erkenntnisse zur Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehung liefern neue Ansatzpunkte zur Entwicklung antiviraler Wirkstoffe
Cryo-EM structure of the respiratory Iâ+âIII2 supercomplex from Arabidopsis thaliana at 2âĂ resolution
Protein complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain assemble into respiratory supercomplexes. Here we present the high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy structure of the Arabidopsis respiratory supercomplex consisting of complex I and a complex III dimer, with a total of 68 protein subunits and numerous bound cofactors. A complex I-ferredoxin, subunit B14.7 and P9, a newly defined subunit of plant complex I, mediate supercomplex formation. The component complexes stabilize one another, enabling new detailed insights into their structure. We describe (1) an interrupted aqueous passage for proton translocation in the membrane arm of complex I; (2) a new coenzyme A within the carbonic anhydrase module of plant complex I defining a second catalytic centre; and (3) the water structure at the proton exit pathway of complex III2 with a co-purified ubiquinone in the QO site. We propose that the main role of the plant supercomplex is to stabilize its components in the membrane
The Radio Continuum-Star Formation Rate Relation in WSRT SINGS Galaxies
This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for published in The Astronomical Journal. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/103.We present a study of the spatially resolved radio continuumâstar formation rate (RCâSFR) relation using stateof-the-art star formation tracers in a sample of 17 THINGS galaxies. We use SFR surface density (ÎŁSFR) maps created by a linear combination of GALEX far-UV (FUV) and Spitzer 24ÎŒm maps. We use RC maps at λλ22 and 18 cm from the WSRT SINGS survey and Hα emission maps to correct for thermal RC emission. We compare azimuthally averaged radial profiles of the RC and FUV/mid-IR (MIR) based ÎŁSFR maps and study pixel-by-pixel correlations at fixed linear scales of 1.2 and 0.7 kpc. The ratio of the integrated SFRs from the RC emission to that of the FUV/MIR-based SF tracers is Rint = 0.78 ± 0.38, consistent with the relation by Condon. We find a tight correlation between the radial profiles of the radio and FUV/MIR-based ÎŁSFR for the entire extent of the disk. The ratio R of the azimuthally averaged radio to FUV/MIR-based ÎŁSFR agrees with the integrated ratio and has only quasi-random fluctuations with galactocentric radius that are relatively small (25%). Pixel-by-pixel plots show a tight correlation in log-log diagrams of radio to FUV/MIR-based ÎŁSFR, with a typical standard deviation of a factor of two. Averaged over our sample we find (ÎŁSFR)RC â (ÎŁSFR) 0.63±0.25 hyb , implying that data points with high ÎŁSFR are relatively radio dim, whereas the reverse is true for low ÎŁSFR. We interpret this as a result of spectral aging of cosmic-ray electrons (CREs), which are diffusing away from the star formation sites where they are injected into the interstellar medium. This is supported by our finding that the radio spectral index is a second parameter in pixel-by-pixel plots: those data points dominated by young CREs are relatively radio dim, while those dominated by old CREs are slightly more RC bright than what would be expected from a linear extrapolation. We studied the ratio R of radio to FUV/MIR-based integrated SFR as a function of global galaxy parameters and found no clear correlation. This suggests that we can use RC emission as a universal star formation tracer for galaxies with a similar degree of accuracy as other tracers, if we restrict ourselves to global or azimuthally averaged measurements. We can reconcile our finding of an almost linear RCâSFR relation and sub-linear resolved (on 1 kpc scale) RCâÎŁSFR relation by proposing a non-linear magnetic fieldâSFR relation, B â SFR0.30±0.02 hyb , which holds both globally and locally.Peer reviewe
Evaluating Ecological Sustainability For The Planning and Operations Of Storage Technologies
With an expected future increase of costs for carbon emissions the logistics industry is targeting to design sustainable warehouses to reduce their carbon footprints. To do so, it is required that every aspect of a warehouse from its general design to the transport processes and technologies must be assessed in terms of its carbon footprint. In this article the carbon footprint, which can be traced back to the storage technology employed within a storage area is analysed. The approach includes surface, material, and technology-related data to calculate the carbon footprint of a logistics concept. Firstly, different dimensions of storage technology carbon footprints are identified. A comprehen-sive model is provided to calculate the carbon footprint of alternative storage technologies in a warehouse. The model is applied in a case study with actual data from a warehouse planning project in the German production industry comparing three alternative storage technologies for a small part storage solution. The author's find highest carbon footprint in the application of an autonomous guided vehicle shelving system compared to automatic storage and retrieval system and manual storage solution using Kanban racks
The N=4 SYM Integrable Super Spin Chain
Recently it was established that the one-loop planar dilatation generator of
N=4 Super Yang-Mills theory may be identified, in some restricted cases, with
the Hamiltonians of various integrable quantum spin chains. In particular
Minahan and Zarembo established that the restriction to scalar operators leads
to an integrable vector so(6) chain, while recent work in QCD suggested
restricting to twist operators, containing mostly covariant derivatives, yields
certain integrable Heisenberg XXX chains with non-compact spin symmetry sl(2).
Here we unify and generalize these insights and argue that the complete
one-loop planar dilatation generator of N=4 is described by an integrable
su(2,2|4) super spin chain. We also write down various forms of the associated
Bethe ansatz equations, whose solutions are in one-to-one correspondence with
the set of all one-loop planar anomalous dimensions in the N=4 gauge theory. We
finally speculate on the non-perturbative extension of these integrable
structures, which appears to involve non-local deformations of the conserved
charges.Comment: 25 pages, v2: discussion of developments in QCD improved, references
added, minor corrections, v3: published versio
Polarisation properties of Milky-Way-like galaxies
(Abridged) We study the polarisation properties, magnetic field strength, and
synchrotron emission scale-height of Milky-Way-like galaxies in comparison with
other spiral galaxies. We use our 3D-emission model of the Milky Way Galaxy for
viewing the Milky Way from outside at various inclinations as spiral galaxies
are observed. When seen edge-on the synchrotron emission from the Milky Way has
an exponential scale-height of about 0.74 kpc, which is much smaller than the
values obtained from previous models. We find that current analysis methods
overestimate the scale-height of synchrotron emission of galaxies by about 10%
at an inclination of 80 degree and about 40% at an inclination of 70 degree
because of contamination from the disk. The observed RMs for face-on galaxies
derived from high-frequency polarisation measurements approximate to the
Faraday depths (FDs) when scaled by a factor of two. For edge-on galaxies, the
observed RMs are indicative of the orientation of the large-scale magnetic
field, but are not well related with the FDs. Assuming energy equipartition
between the magnetic field and particles for the Milky Way results in an
average magnetic-field strength, which is about two times larger than the
intrinsic value for a K factor of 100. The number distribution of the
integrated polarisation percentages of a large sample of unresolved
Milky-Way-like galaxies peaks at about 4.2% at 4.8 GHz and at about 0.8% at
1.4GHz. Integrated polarisation angles rotated by 90 degree align very well
with the position angles of the major axes, implying that unresolved galaxies
do not have intrinsic RMs.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&
GMRT 333 MHz observations of 6 nearby normal galaxies
We report Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (GMRT) continuum observations of
six nearby normal galaxies at 333 MHz. The galaxies are observed with angular
resolutions better than ~20" (corresponding to a linear scale of about 0.4 - 1
kpc). These observations are sensitive to all the angular scales of interest,
since the resolution of the shortest baseline in GMRT is greater than the
angular size of the galaxies. Further, for five of these galaxies we show that
at 333 MHz, the mean thermal fraction is less than 5%. Using archival data at
about 1 GHz, we estimate the mean thermal fraction to be about 10% at that
frequency. We also find that the nonthermal spectral index is generally steeper
in regions with low thermal fraction and/or located in the outer parts of the
galaxy. In regions of high thermal fraction, the nonthermal spectral index is
flatter, and has a narrow distribution peaking at ~ -0.78 with a spread of
0.16, putting stringent constraints on the physical conditions for generation,
diffusion and energy losses of cosmic ray electrons at scales of ~ 1 kpc.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA
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