Genetic analysis of yield two row and six row barley application of method of multivariate analysis

U radu je analizirano 40 genotipova ozimog dvoredog i višeredog ječma. Genotipovi su na osnovu tipa klasa podeljeni u dva ogleda. U prvom su dvoredi genotipovi i čine ga 12 priznatih sorti i 8 homozigotnih linija, a u drugom su višeredi genotipovi i sastoji se od 11 priznatih sorti i 9 homozigotnih linija. Ogledi su izvedeni na tri lokaliteta (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje, Zaječar) u dvogodišnjem periodu (2008/2009 i 2009/2010). Analizirane su sledeće osobine: visina stabla, dužina klasa, broj zrna po klasu, masa 1000 zrna, hektolitarska masa i prinos zrna. Primenom mešovitog modela kod oba tipa ječma i svih ispitivanih osobina utvrđena je visoka značajnost efekta genotipa i interakcije genotipa i spoljašnje sredine, dok efekat sredine nije bio statistički značajan. Sve razlike prosečnih vrednosti ispitivanih osobina između dvoredog i višeredog bile su značajne. Dvoredi su bili niži, veće dužine klasa, manjeg broja zrna po klasu, veće mase 1000 zrna, većeg hektolitra, većeg prinosa zrna. Na sva tri lokaliteta preporučuje se gajenje dvoredog ječma kao i sorte NS-525 koja je postigla visoke prinose u svakom od njih. Ocena interakcije genotip × spoljašnja sredina utvrđena je AMMI-1 modelom. Zapaženo je da kod prinosa nije postojala značajna razlika u broju stabilnih genotipova između dva tipa ječma iako su dvoredi bili prinosniji kao i da kod oba tipa ječma stabilni genotipovi imaju ispod i iznad prosečne vrednosti prinosa. Kod višeredog ječma linije su bile značajno prinosnije i stabilnije od sorti, dok kod dvoredog razlika nije uočena. Ranostasni genotipovi su kod višeredog bili stabilniji što ukazuje na veću tolerantnost dvoredog tipa ječma u odnosu na višeredi prema suši i visokim temperaturama koje se u našim uslovima često javljaju u toku nalivanja zrna. Ovim modelom izdvojene su i perspektivne linije koje se ističu po visini prinosa i stabilnosti. Kod dvoredog ječma to su linije J-176 i J-82, a kod višeredog J-33 i J-29...In this study, a set of forty genotypes of two and six-row barley was analyzed in two experiments based on the type of spike. The first experiment with two-row genotypes consisted of twelve cultivars and eight lines, while at the second one of six-row genotypes included eleven cultivars and nine lines. The experiments were conducted at three locations (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje, Zaječar) during two seasons (2008/2009 and 2009/2010). The following characters: stem height SH, length of spike LS, number of grains per spike NPS, 1000 grain weight TGW, test weight TW and grain yield GY were analyzed. By applying the mixed model in both types of barley and all investigated traits was determined by the high significance of the effect of genotype and the interaction of the genotype and environment, while the effect of the environment was not statistically significant. All of differences of average values at the studied characters between two groups were statistically significant. Two-row barleys were higher, spikes were longer, with less number of grains, as well as higher mass of 1000 grains, hectoliters and grain yields. Taking in consideration all three locations it is possible to recommend for cultivation tworow barley varieties and cultivar NS-525, since all of them achieved high grain yields. The genotype × environment interaction was analyzed by the AMMI-1 model (Method of Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction). The graph shows that the yield was no significantly different in the number of stable genotypes between the two types of barley, although two-row were higher yielding and at both groups stable genotypes were below and above the average yield values. Six-row barley lines were significantly productive and stable than cultivars, while in a two-row group the difference wasn’t observed. Early-maturing six-row genotypes were stable indicating tolerance of two-row types in relation to six-row barleys, to since in our conditions drought and high temperatures, often occur during grain filling. This model allowed selection of promising lines by emphasizing the higher yield and stability simultaneously..

Yield components of the two-rowed barley

Istraživanja su sprovedena tokom dve godine na oglednom polju Centra za strna žita u Kragujevcu. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrđivanje značajnosti izvora varijacije komponenti prinosa dvoredog ječma, kao i sorti i linija na bazi ispitivanih osobina i izdvajanje superiornih genotipova. Prosečna dužina klasa za sve ispitivane genotipove dvoredog ječma varirala je od 8,10 cm (2009/10) do 7,64 cm (2008/09), dok je prosečna dvogodišnja dužina klasa iznosila 7,87 cm. Broj zrna po klasu kod ispitivanih genotipova dvoredog ječma varirao je u opsegu od 20,99 (2009/10) do 23,30 (2008/09), dok je prosečan dvogodišnji broj zrna po klasu iznosio 22,15.The research was conducted for two years in the experimental field of the Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of the source of the yield components of the two-rowed barley, as well as the varieties and lines based on the investigated properties and the extraction of superior genotypes that exhibit high and stable yields. The average length of spike for all examined genotypes of two-rowed barley ranged from 8.10 cm (2009/10) to 7.64 cm (2008/09), while the average length of spike was 7.87 cm. The number of grains per spike of the studied genotypes of two-rowed barley ranged from 20.99 (2009/10) to 23.30 (2008/09), while the average number of grains per spike was 22.15.Radovi sa 33. Savetovanja agronoma, veterinara, tehnologa i agroekonomista, Padinska Skela, 2019

Yield components and genetic potential of two-rowed barley

The aim of this study was to determine the significance of the source of the yield variability and components of the two-rowed barley, as well as the varieties and lines based on the investigated properties and the extraction of superior genotypes that exhibit high and stable yields. The average plant height for all examined genotypes of two-rowed barley ranged from 75.70 cm (2009/10) to 77.87 cm (2008/09), while the average plant height was 76.79 cm. The length of spike of the studied genotypes of two-rowed barley ranged from 8.32 cm (2008/09) to 8.50 cm (2009/10), while the average was 8.41 cm. The number of grains per spike of the studied genotypes of two-rowed barley ranged from 22.50 (2009/10) to 22.69 (2008/09), while the average was 22.59. The grain weight per spike of the barley in the area of Zaječar ranged from 1.066 g (2009/10) to 1.122 g (2008/09), while the average was 1.094 g. Correlations between the length of spike and number of grains per spike and grain weight per spike in the examined genotypes of two-rowed barley at the location Zaječar showed a positive value both in the vegetations 2008/09 and 2009/10 of the study

Variability of class properties of different cultivars and lines of two-row barley

Istraživanja su sprovedena tokom dve godine na oglednom polju Instituta za kukuruz u Zemun Polju. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrđivanje značajnosti izvora varijacije dužine klasa, mase zrna i broja zrna po klasu kod dvoredog ječma, kao i sorti i linija na bazi ispitivanih osobina i izdvajanje superiornih genotipova. Prosečna dužina klasa za sve ispitivane genotipove dvoredog ječma varirala je od 8,07 cm (2010) do 8,87 cm (2009), dok je prosečna dvogodišnja dužina klasa iznosila 8,47 cm. Prosečan broj zrna po klasu je iznosio 24,1, dok je prosečna masa zrna po klasu za sve ispitivane genotipove iznosila je 1,132 g.The research was conducted for two years in the experimental field of the Maize Research Institute in Zemun Polje. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of the source of the class components of the two-rowed barley, as well as the varieties and lines based on the investigated properties and the extraction of superior genotypes that exhibit high and stable yields of class. The average length of spike for all examined genotypes of two-rowed barley ranged from 8.07 cm (2010) to 8.87 cm (2009), while the average length of spike was 8.47 cm. The average number of grains per spike was 24.1, while the average grain weight per spike for all investigated genotypes was 1.132 g

Effect of mineral feed on grain yield of wheat

Ispitivanja su izvedena na stacionarnom poljskom ogledu sa đubrenjem, na zemljištu tipa vertisol u procesu degradacije. Zemljište na kome je ogled izveden odlikuje se niskom pH vrednošću (pH<5,0). Doza upotrebljenog azota je bila 80 kg N/ha, koja je primenjivana u kombinaciji sa fosfornim i kalijumovim đubrivom. Ispitivanja su pokazala znatno variranje prinosa zrna. Najviši prinos zrna sorta Planeta ostvarila je primenom NPK u količini od 80 kg N ha-1, 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 i 60 kg K2O ha-1 (4,827 t ha-1). Analizom varijanse ustanovljene su statistički visoko značajne razlike za prinos zrna između ispitivanih varijanti đubrenja.Tests were carried out on stationary field trial, soil type vertisol in the process of degradation. The land on which the view is derived is characterized by low pH (pH<5.0). Dose of nitrogen was 80 kg of N ha-1, which was administered in combination with phosphorous and potassium fertilizer. The tests showed a significant grain yield. The highest grain yield had variety Planeta application of NPK in a quantity of 80 kg N ha-1, 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 60 kg K2O ha-1 (4.827 t ha-1). Variance analysis showed statistically significant differences for grain yield between the variants of fertilization

Molekularna karakterizacija genotipova ječma (Hordeum vulgare L.) iz gen banke Srbije SSR markerima

Molecular diversity of 145 barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare L.) accessions from the Serbian GenBank was assessed by single sequence repeats (SSR) markers. A set of 15 SSRs, covering all chromosomes of the diploid barley genome with 2-3 SSR markers per chromosome, with a range of 4-18 alleles per locus were used. In total, 15 loci and 119 alleles were detected, with an average of 7.93 alleles per locus. The Polymorphic information content value ranged from 0.220 to 0.782 with a mean value of 0.534. Regarding the growth habit and row type groups, gene diversity was comparatively higher for the spring (0.616) and six-rowed accessions (0.616) than for the winter and two- rowed accessions (0.322 and 0.478, respectively). Analysis of molecular variance showed that all sources of variation were significant (P lt 0.01), but the between-group component was predominant (76.85%) for growth habit and 89.45% for row type. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on the shared allele distance (DSA) matrix estimated on the SSR data assigned the genotypes into two clusters - the first smaller consisting of the six 6-rowed spring cultivars and the second comprising six subclusters. Genotype MBR1012 was separated from all other genotypes that constitute UPGMA tree. The associations of genotypes belonging to different growth habit and row type groups were assessed using Principal Coordinate Analysis revealing separation of winter growth habit group from facultative one. The use of the STRUCTURE clustering algorithm allowed the identification of 2 subpopulations of genotypes.Molekularni diverzitet 145 genotipova ječma (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare L.) iz Gen Banke Srbije je procenjen SSR markerima. Korišćeno je SSR markera sa svih hromozoma diploidnog genoma ječma u proseku 2-3 markera po hromozomu i sa 4-18 alela po lokusu. Utvrđeno je 15 lokusa i 119 alela sa prosekom od 7.93 alela po lokusu. PIC je bio u opsegu od 0.220 do 0.782 sa prosekom 0.534. Genski diverzitet je bio veći za jare (0.616) i šestorede genotipove (0.616) u odnosu na ozime i dvorede (0.322 i 0.478). Analizom molekularne varijanse utvrđena je značajnost svih izvora variranja (P lt 0.01), ali je međugrupna komponenta dominirala. Primenom metoda UPGMA analize zasnovane na zajedničkoj distanci alela (DSA) na osnovu SSR podataka dobijeno je grupisanje genotipove u dva klastera-jedan manji koji sadrži šest šestoredih jarih genotipova ječma i drugi koji je obuhvatao šest podklastera. Genotip MBR1012 je bio odvojen od svih ostalih genotipova. Korišćenjem metoda Osnovna Analiza Koordinata dobijeno je razdvajanje ozimih genotipova ječma od fakultativnih. Utvrđeno je postojanje dve podpopulacije genotipova primenom algoritma grupisanja STRUCTURE

Genetic analysis of yield two row and six row barley application of method of multivariate analysis

U radu je analizirano 40 genotipova ozimog dvoredog i višeredog ječma. Genotipovi su na osnovu tipa klasa podeljeni u dva ogleda. U prvom su dvoredi genotipovi i čine ga 12 priznatih sorti i 8 homozigotnih linija, a u drugom su višeredi genotipovi i sastoji se od 11 priznatih sorti i 9 homozigotnih linija. Ogledi su izvedeni na tri lokaliteta (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje, Zaječar) u dvogodišnjem periodu (2008/2009 i 2009/2010). Analizirane su sledeće osobine: visina stabla, dužina klasa, broj zrna po klasu, masa 1000 zrna, hektolitarska masa i prinos zrna. Primenom mešovitog modela kod oba tipa ječma i svih ispitivanih osobina utvrđena je visoka značajnost efekta genotipa i interakcije genotipa i spoljašnje sredine, dok efekat sredine nije bio statistički značajan. Sve razlike prosečnih vrednosti ispitivanih osobina između dvoredog i višeredog bile su značajne. Dvoredi su bili niži, veće dužine klasa, manjeg broja zrna po klasu, veće mase 1000 zrna, većeg hektolitra, većeg prinosa zrna. Na sva tri lokaliteta preporučuje se gajenje dvoredog ječma kao i sorte NS-525 koja je postigla visoke prinose u svakom od njih. Ocena interakcije genotip × spoljašnja sredina utvrđena je AMMI-1 modelom. Zapaženo je da kod prinosa nije postojala značajna razlika u broju stabilnih genotipova između dva tipa ječma iako su dvoredi bili prinosniji kao i da kod oba tipa ječma stabilni genotipovi imaju ispod i iznad prosečne vrednosti prinosa. Kod višeredog ječma linije su bile značajno prinosnije i stabilnije od sorti, dok kod dvoredog razlika nije uočena. Ranostasni genotipovi su kod višeredog bili stabilniji što ukazuje na veću tolerantnost dvoredog tipa ječma u odnosu na višeredi prema suši i visokim temperaturama koje se u našim uslovima često javljaju u toku nalivanja zrna. Ovim modelom izdvojene su i perspektivne linije koje se ističu po visini prinosa i stabilnosti. Kod dvoredog ječma to su linije J-176 i J-82, a kod višeredog J-33 i J-29...In this study, a set of forty genotypes of two and six-row barley was analyzed in two experiments based on the type of spike. The first experiment with two-row genotypes consisted of twelve cultivars and eight lines, while at the second one of six-row genotypes included eleven cultivars and nine lines. The experiments were conducted at three locations (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje, Zaječar) during two seasons (2008/2009 and 2009/2010). The following characters: stem height SH, length of spike LS, number of grains per spike NPS, 1000 grain weight TGW, test weight TW and grain yield GY were analyzed. By applying the mixed model in both types of barley and all investigated traits was determined by the high significance of the effect of genotype and the interaction of the genotype and environment, while the effect of the environment was not statistically significant. All of differences of average values at the studied characters between two groups were statistically significant. Two-row barleys were higher, spikes were longer, with less number of grains, as well as higher mass of 1000 grains, hectoliters and grain yields. Taking in consideration all three locations it is possible to recommend for cultivation tworow barley varieties and cultivar NS-525, since all of them achieved high grain yields. The genotype × environment interaction was analyzed by the AMMI-1 model (Method of Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction). The graph shows that the yield was no significantly different in the number of stable genotypes between the two types of barley, although two-row were higher yielding and at both groups stable genotypes were below and above the average yield values. Six-row barley lines were significantly productive and stable than cultivars, while in a two-row group the difference wasn’t observed. Early-maturing six-row genotypes were stable indicating tolerance of two-row types in relation to six-row barleys, to since in our conditions drought and high temperatures, often occur during grain filling. This model allowed selection of promising lines by emphasizing the higher yield and stability simultaneously..

Genetic analysis of yield two row and six row barley application of method of multivariate analysis

U radu je analizirano 40 genotipova ozimog dvoredog i višeredog ječma. Genotipovi su na osnovu tipa klasa podeljeni u dva ogleda. U prvom su dvoredi genotipovi i čine ga 12 priznatih sorti i 8 homozigotnih linija, a u drugom su višeredi genotipovi i sastoji se od 11 priznatih sorti i 9 homozigotnih linija. Ogledi su izvedeni na tri lokaliteta (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje, Zaječar) u dvogodišnjem periodu (2008/2009 i 2009/2010). Analizirane su sledeće osobine: visina stabla, dužina klasa, broj zrna po klasu, masa 1000 zrna, hektolitarska masa i prinos zrna. Primenom mešovitog modela kod oba tipa ječma i svih ispitivanih osobina utvrđena je visoka značajnost efekta genotipa i interakcije genotipa i spoljašnje sredine, dok efekat sredine nije bio statistički značajan. Sve razlike prosečnih vrednosti ispitivanih osobina između dvoredog i višeredog bile su značajne. Dvoredi su bili niži, veće dužine klasa, manjeg broja zrna po klasu, veće mase 1000 zrna, većeg hektolitra, većeg prinosa zrna. Na sva tri lokaliteta preporučuje se gajenje dvoredog ječma kao i sorte NS-525 koja je postigla visoke prinose u svakom od njih. Ocena interakcije genotip × spoljašnja sredina utvrđena je AMMI-1 modelom. Zapaženo je da kod prinosa nije postojala značajna razlika u broju stabilnih genotipova između dva tipa ječma iako su dvoredi bili prinosniji kao i da kod oba tipa ječma stabilni genotipovi imaju ispod i iznad prosečne vrednosti prinosa. Kod višeredog ječma linije su bile značajno prinosnije i stabilnije od sorti, dok kod dvoredog razlika nije uočena. Ranostasni genotipovi su kod višeredog bili stabilniji što ukazuje na veću tolerantnost dvoredog tipa ječma u odnosu na višeredi prema suši i visokim temperaturama koje se u našim uslovima često javljaju u toku nalivanja zrna. Ovim modelom izdvojene su i perspektivne linije koje se ističu po visini prinosa i stabilnosti. Kod dvoredog ječma to su linije J-176 i J-82, a kod višeredog J-33 i J-29...In this study, a set of forty genotypes of two and six-row barley was analyzed in two experiments based on the type of spike. The first experiment with two-row genotypes consisted of twelve cultivars and eight lines, while at the second one of six-row genotypes included eleven cultivars and nine lines. The experiments were conducted at three locations (Kragujevac, Zemun Polje, Zaječar) during two seasons (2008/2009 and 2009/2010). The following characters: stem height SH, length of spike LS, number of grains per spike NPS, 1000 grain weight TGW, test weight TW and grain yield GY were analyzed. By applying the mixed model in both types of barley and all investigated traits was determined by the high significance of the effect of genotype and the interaction of the genotype and environment, while the effect of the environment was not statistically significant. All of differences of average values at the studied characters between two groups were statistically significant. Two-row barleys were higher, spikes were longer, with less number of grains, as well as higher mass of 1000 grains, hectoliters and grain yields. Taking in consideration all three locations it is possible to recommend for cultivation tworow barley varieties and cultivar NS-525, since all of them achieved high grain yields. The genotype × environment interaction was analyzed by the AMMI-1 model (Method of Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction). The graph shows that the yield was no significantly different in the number of stable genotypes between the two types of barley, although two-row were higher yielding and at both groups stable genotypes were below and above the average yield values. Six-row barley lines were significantly productive and stable than cultivars, while in a two-row group the difference wasn’t observed. Early-maturing six-row genotypes were stable indicating tolerance of two-row types in relation to six-row barleys, to since in our conditions drought and high temperatures, often occur during grain filling. This model allowed selection of promising lines by emphasizing the higher yield and stability simultaneously..

Effectivenes of spinosad and abamectin against Rhyzopertha dominica F. IN small grains

U radu je prikazana uporedna efikasnost dva insekticida prirodnog porekla, Spinosada i Abamektina, koji nisu registrovani za uskladištenu zrnastu robu, ali su u širokoj upotrebi u organskoj proizvodnji. Efikasnost ovih insekticida ispitivana je na žitnom kukuljičaru Rhyzopertha dominica F., kao primarnoj štetočini koja može da infestira sve vrste uskladištenih strnih žita. Insekticidi Laser 240 SC i Abastate EC primenjeni su u količini 0,25, 0,5 i 1,0 g a.s. kg-1 žita (pšenica, raž, tritikale, ječam i ovas). Utvrđena je veća inicijalna efikasnost Spinosada, čijom primenom nije ustanovljen „efekat zrna“. Povećanjem doze primene i dužine ekspozicije povećava se efikasnost Abamektina i smanjuje razlika u efikasnosti između ispitivanih vrsta žita. Deset sedmica posle tretiranja Spinosadom i Abamektinom nije utvrđena pojava potomstva R. dominica. Iako imaju različite mehanizme delovanja, rezultati ukazuju na moguću upotrebu i Spinosada i Abamektina u zaštiti uskladištenog strnog žita.This paper analyzed the comparative effectiveness of two insecticides of natural origin, Spinosad and Abamectin, which are not registered for grain storage, but are widely used in organic production. The effectiveness of these insecticides was tested on the lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica F. as a primary pest that can infest all types of small grains. The insecticides Laser 240 SC and Abastate EC were applied in the amount of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g a.s. kg-1 grain (wheat, rye, triticale, barley and oats). A greater initial efficiency of Spinosad was established, with the application of which no "grain effect" was recorded. Increasing the application dose and the length of exposure of R. dominica increases the effectiveness of Abamectin, and reduces the difference in the effectiveness to the tested types of grain. Ten weeks after exposure to Spinosad and Abamectin the research did not determine the presence of R. dominica offspring. Although they have different mechanisms of action, the results indicate the possible use of Spinosad and Abamectin in the protection of stored small grains

Effect of growing seasons on some quality properties of winter wheat genotypes

In this research, 16 genotypes of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were analyzed where 15 genotypes represent perspective lines created in Center for Small Grains in Kragujevac and one standard cultivar. Field experiment was conducted in three growing seasons (2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15) on the experimental field of Center for Small Grains in Kragujevac (Serbia). Some grain quality parameters (hectoliter weight and 1000 grain weight) were analyzed in this paper. In average for three years, values of hectoliter weight varied from 76.65 kg hl-1 (KG-60-3/3) to 80.05 kg hl-1 (KG-1/6). The analyses of variance showed highly significant differences in hectoliter weight between genotypes (F=4.554**) and investigated years (F=150.082 **), but interaction genotype x year was significant (F=1.629*). The highest values of 1000 grains weight expressed line KG- 52/23 (46.75 g) and the lowest line KG-28/6 (39.90 g). Compared to the standard cultivar Pobeda, 10 genotypes had higher values of 1000 grains weight. There were highly significant differences in the weight of 1000 grains among genotypes (F=25.011**), investigated years (F=117.267**), as well as their interaction (F=8.684**)