GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING

The paper investigated common grammatical errors produced by Indonesian university students of English as a foreign language when writing their undergraduate research proposals. Accordingly, an urgent research question to resolve was what common grammatical errors are made by the seventh semester students of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University in writing Chapter One of their research proposals? To answer the research question, the researchers conducted a content analysis. The researchers analysed students’ research proposals, focusing on grammatical issues identified in the first chapter. Results showed that the errors were omission (content and grammatical morpheme), addition (double marking, regularization, and simple addition), misinformation (regularization errors, archi-forms, and alternating forms), misordering, parallelism and diction. The top three errors were successively omission (38.15 per cent), addition (21.97 per cent) and parallelism (18.5 per cent)

The CGM and IGM at z∼\sim5: metal budget and physical connection

We present further results of a survey for absorption line systems in the spectra of four high redshift quasars (5.79 $\le$ z$_{\textrm{em}}$ $\le$ 6.13) obtained with the ESO Very Large Telescope X-Shooter. We identify 36 $\textrm{CIV}$ and 7 $\textrm{SiIV}$ systems with a $\ge$ 5$\sigma$ significance. The highest redshift $\textrm{CIV}$ and $\textrm{SiIV}$ absorbers identified in this work are at z = 5.80738 $\pm$ 0.00017 and z = 5.77495 $\pm$ 0.00038, respectively. We compute the comoving mass density of $\textrm{SiIV}$ ($\Omega_{\textrm{SiIV}}$) and find that it evolves from $\Omega_{\textrm{SiIV}}$ = 4.3$^{+2.1}_{-2.1}$ $\times$10$^{-9}$ at = 5.05 to $\Omega_{\textrm{SiIV}}$ = 1.4$^{+0.6}_{-0.4}$ $\times$10$^{-9}$ at = 5.66. We also measure $\Omega_{\textrm{CIV}}$ = 1.6$^{+0.4}_{-0.1}$ $\times$10$^{-8}$ at = 4.77 and $\Omega_{\textrm{CIV}}$ = 3.4$^{+1.6}_{-1.1}$ $\times$10$^{-9}$ at = 5.66. We classify our $\textrm{CIV}$ absorber population by the presence of associated $\textit{low}$ and/or $\textit{high ionisation}$ systems and compute their velocity width ($\Delta$v$_{90}$). We find that all $\textrm{CIV}$ systems with $\Delta$v$_{90}$ > 200 kms$^{-1}$ have associated $\textit{low ionisation}$ systems. We investigate two such systems, separated by 550 physical kpc along a line of sight, and find it likely that they are both tracing a multi-phase medium where hot and cold gas is mixing at the interface between the CGM and IGM. We further discuss the \textrm{MgII} systems presented in a previous work and we identify 5 $\textrm{SiII}$, 10 $\textrm{AlII}$, 12 $\textrm{FeII}$, 1 $\textrm{CII}$, 7 $\textrm{MgI}$ and 1 $\textrm{CaII}$ associated transitions. We compute the respective comoving mass densities in the redshift range 2 to 6, as allowed by the wavelength coverage.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS 22 pages, 19 figures, 6 table

Suzaku X-ray Spectra and Pulse Profile Variations during the Superorbital Cycle of LMC X-4

We present results from spectral and temporal analyses of Suzaku and RXTE observations of the high mass X-ray binary LMC X-4. Using the full 13 years of available RXTE/ASM data, we apply the ANOVA and Lomb normalized Periodogram methods to obtain an improved superorbital period measurement of 30.32 +/- 0.04 days. The phase-averaged X-ray spectra from Suzaku observations during the high state of the superorbital period can be modeled in the 0.6--50 keV band as the combination of a power-law with Gamma ~ 0.6 and a high-energy cutoff at ~ 25 keV, a blackbody with kT_BB ~ 0.18 keV, and emission lines from Fe K_alpha, O VIII, and Ne IX (X Lyalpha). Assuming a distance of 50 kpc, The source has luminosity L_X ~ 3 x 10^38 ergs s^-1 in the 2--50 keV band, and the luminosity of the soft (blackbody) component is L_BB ~ 1.5 x 10^37 ergs s^-1. The energy resolved pulse profiles show single-peaked soft (0.5-1 keV) and hard (6-10 keV) pulses but a more complex pattern of medium (2-10 keV) pulses; cross-correlation of the hard with the soft pulses shows a phase shift that varies between observations. We interpret these results in terms of a picture in which a precessing disk reprocesses the hard X-rays and produces the observed soft spectral component, as has been suggested for the similar sources Her X-1 and SMC X-1.Comment: 13 emulateapj pages, 11 figures, 4 tables; accepted for publication in Ap

Evidence of patchy hydrogen reionization from an extreme Lyα trough below redshift six

We report the discovery of an extremely long (∼110 Mpc/h) and dark (τeff≳7) Lyα trough extending down to z≃5.5 towards the zem≃6.0 quasar ULAS J0148+0600. We use these new data in combination with Lyα forest measurements from 42 quasars at 4.5≤zem≤6.4 to conduct an updated analysis of the line-of-sight variance in the intergalactic Lyα opacity over 4≤z≤6. We find that the scatter in transmission among lines of sight near z∼6 significantly exceeds theoretical expectations for either a uniform ultraviolet background (UVB) or simple fluctuating UVB models in which the mean free path to ionizing photons is spatially invariant. The data, particularly near z≃5.6-5.8, instead require fluctuations in the volume-weighted hydrogen neutral fraction that are a factor of 3 or more beyond those expected from density variations alone. We argue that these fluctuations are most likely driven by large-scale variations in the mean free path, consistent with expectations for the final stages of inhomogeneous hydrogen reionization. Even by z≃5.6, however, a large fraction of the data are consistent with a uniform UVB, and by z∼5 the data are fully consistent with opacity fluctuations arising solely from the density field. This suggests that while reionization may be ongoing at z∼6, it has fully completed by z∼5

Abiraterone Acetate for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Naive Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Evidence Review Group Perspective of an NICE Single Technology Appraisal

This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme (see the HTA programme website for further project information [http://www.hta.ac.uk])

Response to Letter to the Editor Regarding "Abiraterone Acetate for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Naive Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Evidence Review Group Perspectiveaof a NICE Single Technology Appraisal"

This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programm

Development of porous Ti6Al4V samples by microsphere sintering

Two differently sized microspheres were sintered at 1300° C and 1400° C from 2 to 8 h in stoneware, alumina, yttria and zirconia moulds. Selecting the appropriate material to be used as a mould remains a critical issue given titanium's high reactivity at elevated temperatures. Optimum mechanical properties were obtained when sintering the smallest microspheres in yttria-coated moulds. Stiffness of the samples was lower than 40% of that of the bulk solid material, which comes closer to that of human cortical bone. Open and interconnected porosity was observed in all the specimens. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The translation of this paper was funded by the Polytechnic University of Valencia and the Universitat Jaume I.Reig Cerdá, L.; Amigó Borrás, V.; Busquets Mataix, DJ.; Calero Martinez, JA. (2012). Development of porous Ti6Al4V samples by microsphere sintering. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 212(1):3-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.06.026S37212