Bibliotecas escolares e salas de leitura importam para o aprendizado dos estudantes?

The article discusses the relationship between the existence and use of school spaces for reading practices and the performance in reading proficiency exams of students from public and private schools in Brazil. In this work, reading spaces are understood as school libraries and reading rooms. The results of the 2017 Basic Education Assessment System of students in the 9th year of elementary school were used. Based on these data and through a factor analysis, an indicator of reading spaces was elaborated. From this indicator, descriptive and inferential statistics were realized, demonstrating the relevance of the construct. The established assumption is that the existence of school resources alone is not a sufficient condition to guarantee learning, also depending on the pedagogical work in these spaces and their conditions of use. The findings indicate an association between the existence and use of reading spaces in schools with better results obtained by students in terms of reading proficiency. The results also point out that reading spaces have more repercussions in schools of lower socioeconomic level, in which the existence of school resources, associated with proper use, become advantages in terms of learning for students.O artigo discute a relação entre a existência e a utilização de espaços escolares para práticas de leitura e o desempenho em exames de proficiência em leitura de estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas no Brasil. Neste trabalho, espaços de leitura são compreendidos como bibliotecas escolares e salas de leitura. Foram utilizados os resultados do Sistema de Avaliação da Educação Básica de 2017, de alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental. Com base nesses dados e por meio de uma análise fatorial, elaborou-se um indicador de espaços de leitura. A partir desse indicador, foram realizadas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais que demonstraram a pertinência do constructo. O pressuposto estabelecido é de que apenas a existência dos recursos escolares não é condição suficiente para a garantia do aprendizado, dependendo também do trabalho pedagógico nesses espaços e suas condições de uso. Os achados indicam associação entre a existência e utilização dos espaços de leitura nas escolas com melhores resultados obtidos pelos estudantes no tocante à proficiência em leitura. Os resultados apontam também que os espaços de leitura repercutem mais em escolas de nível socioeconômico mais baixo, nas quais a existência de recursos escolares, associados à utilização adequada, se convertem em vantagens, em termos de aprendizado para os alunos

Creación de una simulación para el desarrollo de competencias en un hospital

Este artigo descreve a criação, aplicação e análise da eficácia de uma simulação por computador para a identificação e o desenvolvimento de competências de gestão de conflitos e feedback. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório descritivo de abordagem quantitativa em um hospital de Porto Alegre, RS, com 29 enfermeiros, com o objetivo de analisar a eficácia da simulação utilizada em EaD na identificação e desenvolvimento de competências de gestão de conflitos e dar e receber feedback em lideranças enfermeiras de um hospital pediátrico. Foram utilizados três instrumentos: a) questionário de avaliação de liderança, b) simulação sobre gestão de conflitos e feedback, baseado na teoria do Grid Gerencial, e c) avaliação de reação. A comparação entre as respostas do questionário e da simulação demonstram alteração no estilo gerencial dos participantes nas duas dimensões relativas às competências estudadas. A avaliação de reação foi positiva, com satisfação de 89,66% dos usuários. A simulação criada neste estudo se mostrou eficaz para a identificação de competências de gestão de conflitos e dar e receber feedback. Porém, são necessários novos estudos com amostras maiores e métodos de controle para afirmar a eficácia no desenvolvimento de competências.This article describes the creation, application, and analysis of the effectiveness of a computer simulation for the identification and development of conflict management and feedback skills. A descriptive exploratory study of quantitative approach was realized in a hospital in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, with 29 nurses, with the objective of analyzing the efficacy of the simulation used in Distance Education in the identification and development of conflict management skills and of giving and receiving feedback in leading nurses of a pediatric hospital. Three instruments were used: a) leadership assessment questionnaire, b) simulation on conflict management and feedback, based on the managerial grid theory, and c) reaction evaluation. The comparison between the answers of the questionnaire and the simulation shows a change in the managerial style of the participants in the two dimensions. The reaction evaluation was positive, with a satisfaction of 89.66% of users. The simulation created in this study proved to be effective to identify conflict management skills and to give and receive feedback; however, new studies with larger samples and control methods are necessary to assert efficacy in the development of competencies.En este artículo se describe la creación, aplicación y análisis de la eficacia de una simulación por computadora para la identificación y el desarrollo de competencias de gestión de conflictos y retroalimentación. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo en un hospital de Porto Alegre, RS, con 29 enfermeros, con el objetivo de analizar la eficacia de la simulación utilizada en EaD en la identificación y desarrollo de competencias de gestión de conflictos y dar y recibir feedback en líderes enfermeros de un hospital pediátrico. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos: a) cuestionario de evaluación de liderazgo, b) simulación sobre gestión de conflictos y feedback, basado en la teoría del Grid Gerencial, y c) evaluación de reacción. La comparación entre las respuestas del cuestionario y la simulación demuestran cambios en el estilo gerencial de los participantes en las dos dimensiones relativas a las competencias estudiadas. La evaluación de reacción fue positiva, con satisfacción del 89,66% de los usuarios. La simulación creada en este estudio se mostró eficaz para la identificación de competencias de gestión de conflictos y dar y recibir feedback. Sin embargo, son necesarios nuevos estudios con muestras mayores y métodos de control para afirmar la eficacia en el desarrollo de competencias

Avaliação da prevalência e do perfil epidemiológico da doença de chagas aguda entre 2014 e 2017 no estado do Pará, Brasil / Evaluation of the prevalence and epidemiological profile of acute chagas disease between 2014 and 2017 in the state of Pará, Brazil

Introdução: A Doença de Chagas é uma doença infecciosa, causada pelo protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi. Constitui um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Em registros, no período entre 2008 a 2017, foram confirmados casos de Doença de Chagas aguda, em que 95% estão concentrados na região Norte, em que o estado do Pará é responsável por 83% dos casos. Por isso, a Doença de Chagas permanece relevante, sendo responsável por uma das quatro maiores causas de morte por doença infecciosa. Objetivos: Realizar um levantamento acerca da prevalência da Doença de Chagas no Pará, levando em conta modo de transmissão e os aspectos sazonais. Traçar o perfil epidemiológico do indivíduo infeccionado. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico, quantitativo e observacional de delineamento retrospectivo do tipo ecológico baseado nos dados disponíveis DATASUS, no tema Doença de Chagas Aguda, no período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2017. Resultados: É possível analisar um acréscimo de 94% entre 2014 e 2016 e um decréscimo em 2017, com 67% dos casos ocorrendo no segundo semestre do ano. A transmissão via oral representa 81,5% dos casos notificados. Percebeu-se também que 90% dos acometidos não foram a óbito. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram traçar o perfil epidemiológico do indivíduo chagásico. Sendo importante salientar a relação do período de safra do açaí com o número de casos, e com a maior forma de contaminação por via oral. Logo, é importante frisar a necessidade de prevenção ao agente, haja visto a dificuldade em diagnosticar os indivíduos afetados, os quais estão predominantemente assintomáticos. 

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Arboviruses isolated in the Evandro Chagas Institute, including some descibed for the first time in the Brazilian Amazon region, their known hosts, and their pathology for man

Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.PanAmerican Health Organization. Washington, DC, USA.Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Dr. Paulo Azevedo. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data