2015 AQ Summit: Research Update by Damian C. Brady

A summary of the role of estuarine science in informing the location and dynamics of growing areas

Marine Stewardship Council Science Series Best practices for managing, measuring and mitigating the benthic impacts of fishing - Part 2

In a previous paper, Review of habitat dependent impacts of mobile and static fishing gears that interact with the sea bed (2014) we offered definitions for benthic habitat, fishing gear and fisheries management and a way of thinking about the challenge of understanding best practices for measuring, monitoring, managing and mitigating benthic impacts of fishing in the context of the MSC’s certification requirements. These informed our review in the previous paper’s classification of habitats and fishing gears and helped us highlight likely variations in benthic impact depending on habitat and gear used (Grieve, Brady & Polet, 2014). In this paper, we provide an overview of the systems used around the world to classify fisheries management systems. Best practices are related to the MSC Habitats performance indicators, as well as the themes for the original project: monitoring, measuring, managing and mitigating. We conclude the report with observations and recommendations that emerged from our review, with particular reference to defining habitat for MSC purposes and the information needs for certification bodies to make better assessments, e.g. understanding seabed characteristics, estimating fishing distribution, using local knowledge particularly when data are deficient, and the challenge of scaling up results of site-specific, intensive studies to the level of a fishery

Environmental Monitoring Report for VolturnUS Deployment in Castine, ME

On June 13th, 2013 the University of Maine’s VolturnUS 1:8 floating offshore wind turbine was energized and began delivering electricity through an undersea cable to the Central Maine Power electricity grid. Deployment continued until late November 2014. The following describes the results of extensive environmental monitoring at the Castine site. The primary observations of the site were derived from weekly visual surveys, bat echolocation detectors, underwater acoustic receivers, and web camera surveillance. The latter method consisted of observing the turbine and platform by web camera every 15-30 seconds throughout the deployment

Oyster Aquaculture Site Selection Using Landsat 8-Derived Sea Surface Temperature, Turbidity, and Chlorophyll a

Remote sensing data is useful for selection of aquaculture sites because it can provide water-quality products mapped over large regions at low cost to users. However, the spatial resolution of most ocean color satellites is too coarse to provide usable data within many estuaries. The Landsat 8 satellite, launched February 11, 2013, has both the spatial resolution and the necessary signal to noise ratio to provide temperature, as well as ocean color derived products along complex coastlines. The state of Maine (USA) has an abundance of estuarine indentations (∼3,500 miles of tidal shoreline within 220 miles of coast), and an expanding aquaculture industry, which makes it a prime case- study for using Landsat 8 data to provide products suitable for aquaculture site selection. We collected the Landsat 8 scenes over coastal Maine, flagged clouds, atmospherically corrected the top-of-the-atmosphere radiances, and derived time varying fields (repeat time of Landsat 8 is 16 days) of temperature (100 m resolution), turbidity (30 m resolution), and chlorophyll a (30 m resolution). We validated the remote-sensing-based products at several in situ locations along the Maine coast where monitoring buoys and programs are in place. Initial analysis of the validated fields revealed promising new areas for oyster aquaculture. The approach used is applicable to other coastal regions and the data collected to date show potential for other applications in marine coastal environments, including water quality monitoring and ecosystem management

Pengaruh Koordinasi Mata-Tangan, Daya Ledak Otot Lengan, dan Kemampuan Motorik terhadap Kemampuan Passing Bawah dalam Permainan Bolavoli pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh koordinasi mata-tangan terhadap kemampuan motorik pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (2) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh daya ledak otot lengan terhadap kemampuan motorik pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (3) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh koordinasi mata tangan terhadap kemampuan passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (4) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh daya ledak otot lengan terhadap kemampuan passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (5) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan motorik terhadap kemampuan passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (6) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh koordinasi mata tanga terhadap kemampuan passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli melalui kemampuan motorik pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (7) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh daya ledak otot lengan terhadap kemampuan passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli melalui kemampuan motorik pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dan inferensial. Populasinya adalah Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru. Teknik penentuan sampelnya adalah Berdasarkan penggunaan rumus Slovin diperoleh jumlah sampel ditetapkan sebanyak 30 responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskritif dan inferensial dengan bantuan program komputer SPSS versi 18 Pada taraf kepercayaan 95% atau α=0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: (1) Ada pengaruh koordinasi mata-tangan terhadap kemampuan motorik pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (2) Ada pengaruh daya ledak otot lengan terhadap kemampuan motorik pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (3) Ada pengaruh koordinasi mata tangan terhadap kemampuan passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (4) Ada pengaruh daya ledak otot lengan terhadap kemampuan passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (5) Ada pengaruh kemampuan motorik terhadap kemampuan passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (6) Ada pengaruh koordinasi mata tanga terhadap kemampuan passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli melalui kemampuan motorik pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru, (7) Ada pengaruh daya ledak otot lengan terhadap kemampuan passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli melalui kemampuan motorik pada Murid SD Inpres Sepee Kabupaten Barru. ABSTRACT Hadijah. 2016. "Effects of Hand-Eye Coordination, Burst Power Arm Muscles and Motor Ability to Ability Passing Down the volleyball game on Elementary Students Instruction Sepee Barru". (Supervised by

Model-assisted measurements of suspension-feeding flow velocities

Author Posting. © Company of Biologists, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of Company of Biologists for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Experimental Biology 220 (2017): 2096-2107, doi:10.1242/jeb.147934.Benthic marine suspension feeders provide an important link between benthic and pelagic ecosystems. The strength of this link is determined by suspension-feeding rates. Many studies have measured suspension-feeding rates using indirect clearance-rate methods, which are based on the depletion of suspended particles. Direct methods that measure the flow of water itself are less common, but they can be more broadly applied because, unlike indirect methods, direct methods are not affected by properties of the cleared particles. We present pumping rates for three species of suspension feeders, the clams Mya arenaria and Mercenaria mercenaria and the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, measured using a direct method based on particle image velocimetry (PIV). Past uses of PIV in suspension-feeding studies have been limited by strong laser reflections that interfere with velocity measurements proximate to the siphon. We used a new approach based on fitting PIV-based velocity profile measurements to theoretical profiles from computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models, which allowed us to calculate inhalant siphon Reynolds numbers (Re). We used these inhalant Re and measurements of siphon diameters to calculate exhalant Re, pumping rates, and mean inlet and outlet velocities. For the three species studied, inhalant Re ranged from 8 to 520, and exhalant Re ranged from 15 to 1073. Volumetric pumping rates ranged from 1.7 to 7.4 l h−1 for M. arenaria, 0.3 to 3.6 l h−1 for M. mercenaria and 0.07 to 0.97 l h−1 for C. intestinalis. We also used CFD models based on measured pumping rates to calculate capture regions, which reveal the spatial extent of pumped water. Combining PIV data with CFD models may be a valuable approach for future suspension-feeding studies.This research is part of a collaborative project (National Science Foundation grant OCE-1260232 to P.A.J., and grant OCE-1260199 to J. Crimaldi, University of Colorado). Funding was also provided by NSF grant OIA-1355457 to Maine EPSCoR at the University of Maine (D.C.B.).2018-05-3

Model-assisted measurements of suspension-feeding flow velocities

Benthic marine suspension feeders provide an important link between benthic and pelagic ecosystems. The strength of this link is determined by suspension-feeding rates. Many studies have measured suspension-feeding rates using indirect clearance-rate methods, which are based on the depletion of suspended particles. Direct methods that measure the flow of water itself are less common, but they can be more broadly applied because, unlike indirect methods, direct methods are not affected by properties of the cleared particles. We present pumping rates for three species of suspension feeders, the clams Mya arenaria and Mercenaria mercenaria and the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, measured using a direct method based on particle image velocimetry (PIV). Past uses of PIV in suspension-feeding studies have been limited by strong laser reflections that interfere with velocity measurements proximate to the siphon. We used a new approach based on fitting PIV-based velocity profile measurements to theoretical profiles from computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models, which allowed us to calculate inhalant siphon Reynolds numbers (Re). We used these inhalant Re and measurements of siphon diameters to calculate exhalant Re, pumping rates, and mean inlet and outlet velocities. For the three species studied, inhalant Re ranged from 8−520, and exhalant Re ranged from 15−1073. Volumetric pumping rates ranged from 1.7−7.4 l h−1 for Mya, 0.3−3.6 l h−1 for Mercenaria, and 0.07−0.97 l h−1 for Ciona. We also used CFD models based on measured pumping rates to calculate capture regions, which reveal the spatial extent of pumped water. Combining PIV data with CFD models may be a valuable approach for future suspension-feeding studies

Modeling the impact of floating oyster (Crassostrea virginica) aquaculture on sediment−water nutrient and oxygen fluxes

Bivalve aquaculture relies on naturally occurring phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus as food sources, thereby avoiding external nutrient inputs that are commonly associated with finfish aquaculture. High filtration rates and concentrated bivalve biomass within aquacul- ture operations, however, result in intense biodeposition of particulate organic matter (POM) on surrounding sediments, with potential adverse environmental impacts. Estimating the net deposi- tional flux is difficult in shallow waters due to methodological constraints and dynamic processes such as resuspension and advection. In this study, we combined sediment trap deployments with simulations from a mechanistic sediment flux model to estimate seasonal POM deposition, resus- pension, and processing within sediments in the vicinity of an eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica farm in the Choptank River, Maryland, USA. The model is the stand-alone version of a 2-layer sediment flux model currently implemented within larger models for understanding ecosystem responses to nutrient management. Modeled sediment−water fluxes were compared to observed denitrification rates and nitrite + nitrate (NO2 −+NO3 −), phosphate (PO4 3−) and dissolved O2 fluxes. Model-derived estimates of POM deposition, which represent POM incorporated and processed within the sediment, comprised a small fraction of the material collected in sediment traps. These results highlight the roles of biodeposit resuspension and transport in effectively removing oyster biodeposits away from this particular farm, resulting in a highly diminished local environmental impact. This study highlights the value of sediment models as a practical tool for computing inte- grated measures of nitrogen cycling as a function of seasonal dynamics in the vicinity of aquaculture operations

Simulation of high-frequency dissolved oxygen dynamics in a shallow estuary, the Corsica River, Chesapeake Bay

Understanding shallow water biogeochemical dynamics is a challenge in coastal regions, due to the presence of highly variable land-water interface fluxes, tight coupling with sediment processes, tidal dynamics, and diurnal variability in biogeochemical processes. While the deployment of continuous monitoring devices has improved our understanding of high-frequency (12 - 24 hours) variability and spatial heterogeneity in shallow regions, mechanistic modeling of these dynamics has lagged behind conceptual and empirical models. The inherent complexity of shallow water systems is represented in the Corsica River estuary, a small basin within the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem, where abundant monitoring data have been collected from long-term monitoring stations, continuous monitoring sensors, synoptic sensor surveys, and measurements of sediment-water fluxes. A state-of-the-art modeling system, the Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model (SCHISM), was applied to the Corsica domain with a high-resolution grid and nutrient loads from the most recent version of the Chesapeake Bay watershed model. The Corsica SCHISM model reproduced observed high-frequency variability in dissolved oxygen, as well as seasonal variability in chlorophyll-a and sediment-water fluxes. Time-series signal analyses using Empirical Model Decomposition and spectral analysis revealed that the diurnal and M2 tide frequencies are the dominant high-frequency modes and physical transport contributes a larger share to dissolved oxygen budgets than biogeochemical processes on an hourly time scale. Heterogeneity and patchiness in dissolved oxygen resulting from phytoplankton distributions and geometry-driven eddies amplify the physical transport effect, and on longer time scales oxygen is controlled more by photosynthesis and respiration. Our simulation demonstrates that interactions among physical and biological dynamics generate complex high-frequency variability in water quality and non-linear reposes to nutrient loading and environmental forcing in shallow water systems