Horizons: nuclear astrophysics in the 2020s and beyond

Nuclear astrophysics is a field at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics, which seeks to understand the nuclear engines of astronomical objects and the origin of the chemical elements. This white paper summarizes progress and status of the field, the new open questions that have emerged, and the tremendous scientific opportunities that have opened up with major advances in capabilities across an ever growing number of disciplines and subfields that need to be integrated. We take a holistic view of the field discussing the unique challenges and opportunities in nuclear astrophysics in regards to science, diversity, education, and the interdisciplinarity and breadth of the field. Clearly nuclear astrophysics is a dynamic field with a bright future that is entering a new era of discovery opportunities

Horizons: Nuclear Astrophysics in the 2020s and Beyond

Nuclear Astrophysics is a field at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics, which seeks to understand the nuclear engines of astronomical objects and the origin of the chemical elements. This white paper summarizes progress and status of the field, the new open questions that have emerged, and the tremendous scientific opportunities that have opened up with major advances in capabilities across an ever growing number of disciplines and subfields that need to be integrated. We take a holistic view of the field discussing the unique challenges and opportunities in nuclear astrophysics in regards to science, diversity, education, and the interdisciplinarity and breadth of the field. Clearly nuclear astrophysics is a dynamic field with a bright future that is entering a new era of discovery opportunities.Comment: 96 pages. Submitted to Journal of Physics

Phenotypic characteristics of Turkish mules

This study was realized to define some phenotypic characteristics of Turkish mules raised in Balikesir, Hakkari, Icel, Mardin, Ordu, Sirnak and Van provinces of Turkey. A total of 236 (121 males & 115 females) mules in four age groups (3-5, 6-7, 8-9 & 10-30 years) were included in the study. Measurements of different morphological traits of mules were: withers height (130.6 cm), height at rump (130.7 cm), body length (133.9 cm), heart girth circumference (149.6 cm), chest depth (59.7 cm), cannon circumference (16.5 cm) and head length (55.6 cm).The distributions of color were: bay 42.8%, white 23.7%, black 16.5%, chestnut 7.6%, mouse gray 7.6%, buckskin 0.8% and isabelline 0.8%. There was no significant difference for morphological dimensions except the traits of cannon circumference and head length being higher ((P<0.05, (P<0.01) in males than in the females. There was no difference in the body sizes among different age groups of mules. After two years of age, however, there was minor growth in the Turkish mules. © 2012 Friends Science Publishers

Design and implementation of programmable PV simulator

2016 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering, ISFEE 2016 -- 30 June 2016 through 2 July 2016 -- 125716Digital controlled SMPS's (Switched Mode Power Supply) have many benefits and advantages. Nowadays they are highly preferred instead of analog (linear) power supplies due to their high efficiency, small size, and flexibility. In this paper a buck converter which has an output voltage of 0-30V and output current of 0-5A is designed step by step. At this process its calculations and simulations are performed. This converter can process in constant voltage and constant current modes. Also a PV (Photovoltaic) Simulator which can simulate the power output characteristics of various PV panels is added to our device. Lastly, a MATLAB GUI interface is designed to communicate with computer for obtaining the desired PV characteristic. © 2016 IEEE

Design Considerations on E-core for Modular and Scalable Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

IEEE;IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES);IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES) Turkey Section6th International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems, EPECS 2020 -- 5 October 2020 through 6 October 2020 -- -- 1663442-s2.0-85099684200In electrical machines, the modularity by making the stator in multiple parts brings many advantages. The ability to create machines of different power using the same E-cores, to be scalable, is very important in terms of production and transportation costs. In this study, E-core design for a modular and scalable PMSG is discussed. E-core dimensions are determined by considering magnetic and electrical loading, magnetic coupling, torque ripple, cogging torque, voltage harmonics, etc. apart from enabling the creation of different slot/pole combinations. Core and magnet sizes are determined analytically and FEM analysis of two selected models have been performed. Prototypes of machines with slot/pole combinations of 24/22 and 48/46 and rated power of 2.5kW and 5kW respectively have been manufactured with the same E-cores. © 2020 IEEE

Development of doubly-fed direct drive modular permanent magnet wind generator

Fujitsu;Honda;JR-East Group;Nissan Motor Corporation;TMEic8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA 2019 -- 3 November 2019 through 6 November 2019 -- -- 157837A doubly fed permanent magnet synchronous generator (DFPMSG) and converter system has been proposed. The generator has dual winding sets and wind energy is transferred to the grid via two winding sets. The first winding set is directly connected to the grid, while the second winding set is connected to the grid via an AC/DC/AC converter set. The originality of the work lays on four subjects. Firstly, connection to grid with lower power converter capacity by means of doubly-fed structure. Secondly, damping the mechanical oscillations during transient events. Third, direct driving ability by using a permanent magnet synchronous generator. Fourth, new winding and converter structures allow modular generator and converter system. © 2019 IEEE.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu, TÜBITAK: 117E785This work is being supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey under contract number 117E785

Sunlight exposure and vitamin D deficiency in Turkish women

Vitamin D is an essential steroid involved in bone metabolism, cell growth, differentiation, and regulation of the minerals in the body. The main sources of this vital vitamin are adequate diet and photosynthesis in the skin. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of vitamin D synthesis in 48 premenopausal women (14-44 years) in relation to three different types of dressing in summer. Women in the first group (Group I) dressed in a style which exposed the usual areas of the skin to sunlight; women in the second group (Group II) wore traditional clothing with the skin of the hands and face uncovered, while the third group (Group III) dressed in traditional Islamic style, covering the whole body including hands and face. Serum 25OHD levers of Group I, Group II, and Group III were 56 +/- 41.3 nmol/l, 31.9 +/- 24.4 nmol/l, 9 +/- 5.7 nmol/l, respectively (Group I vs Group III, p0.05). Vitamin D levels were low in 44 percent of the Group I and 60% of the Group It, which suggested that sun exposure of skin areas of hands and face may partially provide Vitamin D synthesis, but may not be enough to eliminate vitamin D deficiency. All the patients in group III had vitamin D levels below normal. This study emphasizes the necessity of vitamin D fortification of food even in a sunny country where some people may not be exposed to sunlight because of inappropriate clothing or an indoor-life. (J. Endocrinol. Invest. 23: 173-177, 2000) (C) 2000, Editrice Kurtis

Evaluation of Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora) Disease Reaction of Pear Hybrid Combinations

Bilen, Emre/0000-0003-1745-4044; HORUZ, Sumer/0000-0002-5374-7082WOS: 000403032200003Fire blight caused by pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is the serious disease of pear. Since there is no effective chemical management to this disease except antibiotic-type compounds, it is very important to improve new fire blight resistant cultivars. In this research, it was aimed to select and develop fire blight resistant pear types and to determine fire blight susceptibility levels of pear hybrids, obtained from different projects. Hybrid plants were inoculated by shoot injections twice each year. Evaluations were made through necrotic shoot rate and susceptibility levels of hybrids were determined. During the experiments, 7036 hybrid pear seedlings inoculated, and 12.28% of them were found as "very low susceptibility" (A), 3.62% as "low susceptibility" (B) classes.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG 106O719, 110O938]These projects were (TOVAG 106O719 and 110O938) supported by TUBITAK

Selections for resistance against fire blight in young F1 hybrid pear seedlings in Turkey

Fire blight, caused by pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease of pear, with few effective disease management strategies. Therefore, it is very important to strive towards the selection of new resistant cultivars to fire blight. With this purpose, different crosses have been made between resistant cultivar 'Magness' and other resistant or susceptible cultivars and cultigens ('Akca', 'Ankara', 'Bursa', 'Conference', 'Guz', 'Kaiser Alexandre', 'Kieffer', 'Moonglow', 'Tas'). The susceptibility levels of the resulting hybrids were determined by artificial inoculations by Erwinia amylovora in greenhouse conditions. In pathogenicity tests, 108 CFU/ml populations of seven E. amylovora strains, isolated from different cities in Turkey, were used to infect the shoots of hybrid plants. Eight weeks after inoculations, the percentage of the necrotic lesion to the total length of the shoot was calculated for each shoot. The experiments were performed twice in August 2010 and May 2011. The average of two experiments was used to calculate the percentage disease severity. Susceptibility was scored by binning the percentage into five distinct classes of increasing susceptibility (A to E). Among 1242 young F1 hybrid seedlings inoculated, 31.64% of them showed "very low susceptibility" (A), 8.62% displayed "low susceptibility" (B), 18.60% were "moderate susceptibility" (C), 30.27% were "high susceptibility" (D), 10.87% showed "very high susceptibility" (E), and 85 of hybrids were completely destroyed by the pathogen. The 393 "very low susceptibility" and 107 "low susceptibility" F1 hybrids were planted in Eskišehir, in Central Turkey, for screening for agronomical and pomological characteristics. © 2014, International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved