Transformation Trends in Food Logistics for Short Food Supply Chains - What is New?

The way in which food reaches consumers is a high profile component of the food chain’s Greenhouse Gas (GHGs) emissions, but is changing rapidly as technology facilitates online and new targeted logistic solutions which deliver directly to the consumer’s home, workplace or other convenient locations. The challenge is how can new, more fragmented supply chains be developed without increasing GHGs emissions. More broadly speaking, digitalisation is transforming how all food logistics functions. This allows consumers to connect more directly with both farmers and food producers, in Short Food Chains (SFCs), which help the former to understand more about the source of their food and how it was produced. This paper aims to analyse the current SFCs’ challenges, with particular attention paid to fresh products, taking into account the evolution of consumers and market trends as well as the transformation of logistics. The analysis is based on evidence and examples from across Europe. New direct delivery food logistics models could help consumers access supplies of fresh products more easily, improve consumer health and reduce the high waste levels and carbon emissions, which represent key challenges for many European fresh product supply chains. Food suppliers would also benefit by securing more of the final consumer value of the food they produce

Is Local Better? Consumer Value in Food Purchasing and the Role of Short Food Supply Chains

This paper investigates the current research on how consumers select the foods they buy and how they define ‘quality’. Consumer decisions are complex and whilst a few consumers prioritise local above all other factors when selecting food, for most local is simply one of multiple factors which influence the food choices they make. Short Food Chains are not necessarily local but are based on supply chains with fewer steps in the chain from producer to consumer. Short Food Chains ensure that more of the value of the food is returned to producers and allows consumers to have a more direct connection to where and how their food was produced. Short Food Chains tend to exhibit features which consumers increasingly value, whether these be traceability and provenance, organic, familiarity, tradition or a connection to a specific place and culture. These strengths of Short Food Chains suggest that there is real potential to see major growth in this sector in the coming decade. As Kotler observed, you have to sell to the pocket, the heart and the soul and, in the food sector, embracing Short Food Chains can help producers to do this

EPMA-World Congress 2015: Bonn, Germany. 3-5 September 2015

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NEW ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND ADVISORY SERVICES BASED ON CURRENT FINDINGS AND FURTHER COLLABORATION FOR IMPROVED NUTRITION

Nowadays, there are a number of projects tackling on challenges around which thisstudy is based. For instance, the ultimate goal of the current project SKIN is tocreate a permanent stakeholders’ association on short food supply chain (SFSC)that works on the joint economic growth of the agricultural sector through theexchange of local food practices and through coaching sessions stimulatinginnovation. It creates a European network of best practices in SFSC that addressesthe fragmentation of knowledge in the agricultural sector and supports bottom-upinnovation initiatives. No doubts, boosting innovation through that project in localareas will lead to economic growth in the regions. But, for its sustainabledevelopment, it is crucial to create the agricultural extension and advisory services(AEAS), particularly in EU countries and also to modify their role using bottom-upapproaches. Despite the fact that the role of AEAS in the EU countries istransforming in the last few years, from a technology transfer paradigm to ademand-driven model, there are still two challenges that should be tackled in theglobal agenda: 1) facilitate linking of local agricultural sector and nutrition; 2)build a sustainable network of advisors in the EU for improving knowledge flowsin national and regional agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS).According also to the findings of the SKIN project and to our recently developedconcept (FENIX), the launch of new initiatives will enable AEAS by gathering of alarge amount of information and knowledge from local areas and population,helping all types of stakeholders to improve health, environmental, and economicsectors in targeted regions

Екстракти гранату, хурми, кропиви, кропу, капусти кале і Sideritis специфічно модулюють мікробіоту кишечникута локальну продукцію цитокінів в експериментах in vivo

The aim of the work was to use the in vivo model to reveal main changes in gut microbiota of immune competent mice in dynamic and find out the specificity of immunomodulation action (activity) of traditional foods ingredients - edible plants extracts on local mucosal cytokines to its oral administration.Materials and methods. In this study, seven groups of immunocompetent BALB/c mice were formed. All experimental mice had been fed orally by plants’ extracts (15mg/200 µl/mouse) for the 14th days. The extracts of edible plants - ingredients of traditional food such as kale leaves, persimmon, pomegranate, dill, Sideritis scardica, and nettle were obtained as described and orally administrated to experimental animals. For microbiological analysis of gut microbiota changes, the colon content has been investigated, the key microbial representatives were isolated by plating of its serial dilution on selected chromogenic medium, identified serologically and biochemically. The production of cytokines in different gut compartments and gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. In experiments in mice, the ability of Kale, Dill and Sideritis extracts, when administered orally, selectively inhibit the content of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, L. acidophilus in the colon of mice had been demonstrated, and increasing of B. bifidum had been observed. Nettle extract leads to an increase in E. coli, and persimmon extract - to an increase in levels of E. faecalis, Bifidobacterium and a decrease in the content of Candida spp. Pomegranate extract specifically stimulates the growth of Bifidobacterium. There are sufficient differences in produced cytokines in fragment culture and serum of mice fed with different plants extracts. TNF-a, and IL-2 increased both systemically and locally in the different gut compartments by Dill extract, Nettle and Sideritis extracts only at mucosal sites. IL-2, but also IL-10 and IL-12, IFN-g, and IL-17 but not TNF-a were stimulated in different levels by Pomegranate, Persimmon and Kale extracts: both systemically and locally.Conclusions. No harmful influence of tested plants had been observed. The most beneficial properties are inherent to Persimmon extract and slightly less detected in Pomegranate and Kale extracts. Siderites extract rather show no significant influence on all the studied indices while the Nettle and Dill extracts are acting pro-inflammatoryЦелью работы было использование in vivo модели для выявления основных изменений кишечной микробиоты иммунокомпетентных мышей в динамике и выяснения специфики иммуномодулирующего действия (активности) перорально введенных традиционных пищевых ингредиентов - экстрактов съедобных растений на локальную продукцию цитокинов слизистыми оболочками.Материалы и методы. В исследовании было сформировано семь групп иммунокомпетентных мышей BALB/c. Все экспериментальные мыши в течение 14 дней перорально выпаивались экстрактами растений (15 мг/200 мкл/мышь). Экстракты съедобных растений - ингредиенты традиционных продуктов питания, такие как листья капусты, хурма, гранат, укроп, Sideritis scardica и крапива, были получены как описано и перорально введены экспериментальным животным. Для микробиологического анализа изменений кишечной микробиоты исследовали содержимое толстой кишки, ключевые представители микробиоты были изолированы путем высева серийных разведений на селективные хромогенные питательные среды, идентифицированы серологически и биохимически. Продукцию цитокинов различными отделами кишечника и лимфатической ткани, ассоциированной со слизистыми оболочками кишечника (КАЛТ), определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА).Результаты. В экспериментах на мышах доказана способность экстрактов капусты кале, укропа и Sideritis при их оральном применении избирательно ингибировать E. сoli, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, L. acidophilus в толстой кишке мышей, способствуя при этом одновременному увеличению количества B. bifidum. Экстракт крапивы приводит к увеличению количества E. coli, а экстракт хурмы - к росту популяционных уровней E. faecalis, Bifidobacterium и уменьшение содержания Candida spp. Экстракт граната специфически стимулирует рост Bifidobacterium. Существуют значительные различия в продуцируемых цитокинах в супернатантах культуры фрагментов тканей и в сыворотке крови мышей при оральном введении им различных растительных экстрактов. Экстракт укропа предопределял системное и локальное увеличение ФНО-a и ИЛ-2, экстракты крапивы и Sideritis - на участках слизистой оболочки. ИЛ-2, ИЛ-10 и ИЛ-12, ИФН-γ и ИЛ-17, но не ФНО-a стимулировались на разных уровнях экстрактами граната, хурмы и капусты: как системно, так и локально.Выводы. Не наблюдали вредного воздействия тестируемых растений. Наиболее полезными свойствами обладает экстракт хурмы, экстракты граната и капусты обладают менее полезными свойствами. Нейтральным влиянием на все исследованные показатели характеризуется экстракт Sideritis, тогда как экстракты крапивы и укропа обладает противовоспалительным свойствомМетою роботи було виявлення (in vivo, на моделі імунокомпетентних мишей) динаміки впливів перорального введених екстрактів їстівних рослин – інградієнтів традиційних харчових продуктів – на стан кишкової мікробіоти та продукування цитокінів слизовими оболонками кишечнику.Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні було сформовано сім груп імунокомпетентних мишей BALB/c, які протягом 14 днів перорально випоювались рослинними екстрактами (15 мг/200 мкл/миша). Останні одержували за розробленою нами технологією із харчових продуктів рослинного походження – капусти кале, кропу, Sideritis scardica, кропиви, плодів хурми і гранату. Матеріалом мікробіологічного аналізу змін кишкової мікробіоти слугував вміст товстої кишки. Ключових представників мікробіоти ізолювали шляхом висіву серійних розведень на селективні хромогенні поживні середовища та ідентифікували серологічно і біохімічно. Продукцію цитокінів різними відділами кишечнику та лімфатичної тканини, асоційованої із слизовими оболонками кишечнику, визначали методом імуноферментного аналізу.Результати. В експериментах на мишах доведено здатність екстрактів капусти кале, кропу і Sideritis при їх оральному застосуванні вибірково інгібувати вміст E. сoli, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, L. acidophilus у товстій кишці мишей, стимулюючи при цьому ріст B. bifidum. Показано, що екстракт кропиви призводить до збільшення кількості E. coli, а екстракт хурми – до зростання популяційних рівнів E. faecalis, Bifidobacterium та зменшення вмісту Candida spp. Екстракт гранату специфічно стимулює ріст Bifidobacterium. Існують значні відмінності у продукуванні цитокінів в супернатантах культури фрагментів тканин і в сироватці крові мишей при оральному введенні різних рослинних екстрактів. Екстракт кропу зумовлює системне і локальне збільшення ФНП-a та IЛ-2, а екстракти кропиви та Sideritis викликають таке збільшення лише на ділянках слизової оболонки. Екстракти гранату, хурми та капусти кале системно і локально стимулюють продукування ІЛ-2, ІЛ-10, ІЛ-12, ІФН-γ та ІЛ-17, але не ФНП-α.Висновки. Найбільш виразними корисними властивостями щодо впливу на стан кишкової мікробіоти та продукування цитокінів слизовими оболонками кишечнику володіють екстракт хурми, а також екстракти гранату та капусти кале. Екстракти кропиви та кропу демонструють протизапальну дію. Екстракт Sideritis був нейтральним до більшості досліджуваних показників. Жодний з екстрактів не виявив шкідливих впливі

Chimeric protein ABRaA-VEGF121 is cytotoxic towards VEGFR-2-expressing PAE cells and inhibits B16-F10 melanoma growth

It has been known that VEGF121 isoform can serve as a carrier of therapeutic agents targeting tumor endothelial cells. We designed and constructed synthetic cDNA that encodes a chimeric protein comprising abrin-a (ABRaA) toxin A-chain and human VEGF121. Expression of the ABRaA-VEGF121 chimeric protein was carried out in E. coli strain BL21(DE3). ABRaA-VEGF121 preparations were isolated from inclusion bodies, solubilized and purified by affinity and ion-exchanged chromatography (Ni-agarose and Q-Sepharose). Finaly, bacterial endotoxin was removed from the recombinant protein. Under non-reducing conditions, the recombinant protein migrates in polyacrylamide gel as two bands (about 84 kDa homodimer and about 42 kDa monomer). ABRaA-VEGF121 is strongly cytotoxic towards PAE cells expressing VEGFR-2, as opposed to VEGFR-1 expressing or parental PAE cells. The latter are about 400 times less sensitive to the action of this fusion protein. The biological activity of the ABRaA domain forming part of the chimeric protein was assessed in vitro: ABRaA-VEGF121 inhibited protein biosynthesis in a cell-free translation system. Preincubation of ABRaA-VEGF121 with antibody neutralizing the biological activity of human VEGF abolished the cytotoxic effect of the chimeric protein in PAE/KDR cells. Experiments in vivo demonstrated that ABRaA-VEGF121 inhibits growth of B16-F10 murine melanoma tumors

Gut Microbiota Species Can Provoke both Inflammatory and Tolerogenic Immune Responses in Human Dendritic Cells Mediated by Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha Ligation

La implementación de la estrategia del marketing directo construida sobre las ecuaciones estructurales permitirán garantizar que el potencial cliente se convierta en un cliente cautivo; este cambio es ilustrado por el modelo de Gemma Muñoz & Elósegui (2012), en el cual se precisan cuatro etapas, desde la captación hasta la retención; en la presente investigación se ha considerado en los objetivos cada etapa; además en cada una se han definido los indicadores de gestión, los cuales definen, a la vez, la información que permitirá conocer el avance en términos de preferencias. La investigación es cuantitativa, descriptiva y tecnológica; su diseño es cuasi experimental, con un muestreo no probabilístico, cuya muestra ha sido determinada por conveniencia, conformada por los potenciales clientes de la Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería de Sistemas y de los programas. Los resultados de la investigación indican que la estrategia emocional de Neuromarketing directo 3.0 mejoró el tiempo de búsqueda de páginas por sesión, en un 26.001%; además el valor de p=0,000 fue significativo, porque es menor al nivel de significancia, quedando comprobada la hipótesis específica. Así mismo, se demostró que esta estrategia emocional de NeuroMarketing directo 3.0 mejoró en un 36.25% la conversión de usuarios potenciales de las carreras de la Universidad Peruana Unión, cuyo valor de p=0,061, menor al nivel de significancia del 0.05, confirma la aprobación de la segunda hipótesis específica. Además, se demostró que estas estrategias de Neuromarketing mejoraron la cantidad de visitas que corresponde a otro objetivo, en un 46.43%, cuyo valor de P=0,000, menor al nivel de significancia 5%, confirma la prueba de la tercera hipótesis específica.TesisT02317TA 4 S23 201

Extracts of Pomegranate, Persimmon, Nettle, Dill, Kale and Sideritis Specifically Modulate Gut Microbiota and Local Cytokines Production: in Vivo Study

The aim of the work was to use the in vivo model to reveal main changes in gut microbiota of immune competent mice in dynamic and find out the specificity of immunomodulation action (activity) of traditional foods ingredients - edible plants extracts on local mucosal cytokines to its oral administration.Materials and methods. In this study, seven groups of immunocompetent BALB/c mice were formed. All experimental mice had been fed orally by plants' extracts (15mg/200 µl/mouse) for the 14th days. The extracts of edible plants - ingredients of traditional food such as kale leaves, persimmon, pomegranate, dill, Sideritis scardica, and nettle were obtained as described and orally administrated to experimental animals. For microbiological analysis of gut microbiota changes, the colon content has been investigated, the key microbial representatives were isolated by plating of its serial dilution on selected chromogenic medium, identified serologically and biochemically. The production of cytokines in different gut compartments and gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. In experiments in mice, the ability of Kale, Dill and Sideritis extracts, when administered orally, selectively inhibit the content of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, L. acidophilus in the colon of mice had been demonstrated, and increasing of B. bifidum had been observed. Nettle extract leads to an increase in E. coli, and persimmon extract - to an increase in levels of E. faecalis, Bifidobacterium and a decrease in the content of Candida spp. Pomegranate extract specifically stimulates the growth of Bifidobacterium. There are sufficient differences in produced cytokines in fragment culture and serum of mice fed with different plants extracts. TNF-a, and IL-2 increased both systemically and locally in the different gut compartments by Dill extract, Nettle and Sideritis extracts only at mucosal sites. IL-2, but also IL-10 and IL-12, IFN-g, and IL-17 but not TNF-a were stimulated in different levels by Pomegranate, Persimmon and Kale extracts: both systemically and locally.Conclusions. No harmful influence of tested plants had been observed. The most beneficial properties are inherent to Persimmon extract and slightly less detected in Pomegranate and Kale extracts. Siderites extract rather show no significant influence on all the studied indices while the Nettle and Dill extracts are acting pro-inflammator