Responsabilisation des conjoints aux comportements violents : regards des usagers des programmes

Les intervenants et les directeurs d’organismes d’aide aux conjoints aux comportements violents (CCV) du Québec et d’ailleurs s’entendent sur l’importance de responsabiliser ceux-ci. On peut toutefois se demander comment les hommes identifiés comme CCV réagissent à ce discours sur leur responsabilité. Cette recherche explore le discours de participants à des programmes d’aide sur la responsabilité, son évolution et ses points de convergence ou divergence avec le discours des intervenants et directeurs. La théorie de Loseke (2003) sur la construction des problèmes sociaux a été le cadre théorique retenu pour cette recherche. Les points de vue de 14 usagers de programmes situés dans trois régions différentes du Québec ont été recueillis dans le cadre de groupes de discussion focalisée et, exceptionnellement pour l’un des participants, dans le cadre d’un entretien individuel. De manière générale, les participants reconnaissent être responsables de leur violence. Toutefois, ils éprouvent de la difficulté à se percevoir comme des acteurs entièrement rationnels et à établir des frontières claires entre leur responsabilité et celle de leur partenaire. Ces résultats sont discutés et des recommandations sont formulées pour des recherches futures et les milieux de pratique.Practitioners and program managers in agencies for men perpetrators of intimatepartner violence (IPV) from Quebec and elsewhere agree about the significance of one’s responsibility. Nevertheless, one wonders how men identified as violent partners react to this discourse about their responsibility. This research seeks toexplore the discourse of participants attending IPV programs about responsibility, its evolution, and the ways in which it interacts with the practitioners and the programmanagers' discourses. Loseke's (2003) theory on the construction of social problemswas the theoretical framework chosen for this research. Fourteen men from three different areas in Quebec were met during focus groups and, exceptionally for one of the participants, through one individual interview. In general, participants recognize their responsibility within their violent behavior. However, they experienced difficulty seeing themselves as entirely rational agents and establishing clear limits between their responsibility and their partner's. The results of this research are discussed and recommendations are given for both further research and practical areas

How do practitioners and program managers working with male perpetrators view IPV? : a Quebec study

To document the viewpoints on intimate partner violence (IPV) of Québec practitioners working with violent partners and of program managers of batterer intervention programs (BIPs). Based on Loseke’s (2003) theory of the construction of social problems, a qualitative study was carried out with 25 practitioners working with violent partners and with18 program managers of BIPs so as to explore their conceptions of IPV and their representations of perpetrators and victims. Study participants primarily defined IPV as a way of taking control, while nonetheless noting other motivations. They also insisted on the diversity of contexts of IPV and its numerous manifestations. For them, IPV was a complex, multifactorial problem, involving individual risk factors for the most part, though also including contextual and social ones. Not only did they not see a single type of IPV, but they also saw no single perpetrator or victim profile. They saw both perpetrators and victims as accountable for their choices, even though they posed some limitations on this general principle of accountability. Complexity and diversity seemed to characterize their conceptions of IPV and their representations of perpetrators and victims. Findings are discussed in the light of current debates about IPV, of implications for BIPs, and of contexts that may influence IPV conceptions

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Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Observations du radar météorologique en bande X du LACy en 2022 sur les pluies cycloniques à La Réunion.

International audienceThe Southwest Indian Ocean islands are characterized by strong orographic gradients, generating risks of intense rainfall. The study of precipitations over mountainous tropical islands is essential to get a better understanding of tropical rainfalls formation mechanisms, spatial and temporal variability, and statistical properties at local scales.As part of the INTERREG V programs in the Réunion region, the ESPOIRS project (Study ofPrecipitation Systems in the Indian Ocean by Radar and Satellites) focuses on the study of the internal (dynamic, microphysical) and external (interactions with the relief) processes driving the formation and life cycle of extreme meteorological rain events in the South West Indian Ocean basin.Within this project, the Atmosphere and Cyclone Laboratory (LACy) has acquired a transportable dual-polarization Doppler X-band radar. This radar was installed in Saint Joseph, in the south of La Reunion late September 2021. During its first months of use, it was thus possible to observe the passage of two cyclones near the island: Batsirai, 3 February 2022 at ~ 200 km for over 24h.In this contribution, we will first briefly present the characteristics, operability and installation of the radar in Saint Joseph. We will then discuss its missions within the ESPOIRS project. Finally, we will present the first results of the analysis of the passage of the various cyclones and more particularly of the interactions between the generated rains and the marked reliefs of the island and their corresponding hydrological impacts

Complexity theory and the war on terror: understanding the self-organising dynamics of leaderless jihad

This article seeks to substantiate theoretically Marc Sageman's claims of a ‘leaderless jihad’ through the application of the conceptual framework offered by the novel scientific paradigm of complexity theory. It is argued that jihadist networks, such as those behind the September 11 attacks and the bombings in London and Madrid, can be profitably understood in terms of complex adaptive systems, emergent organisations that coalesce and self-organise in a decentralised fashion. Complexity sheds new light on the jihadist movement by providing an account of the bottom-up self-organisation of its networks and the systems of distributed intelligence which allow those networks to operate and pursue successful attacks on the basis of partial and localised information, and this despite the strenuous efforts at counter-terrorism deployed by states