L’adaptation sociale et scolaire des élèves de première secondaire s’est-elle détériorée au fil des ans ? Une étude comparative 1996-2005

Depuis quelques années, des propos alarmistes sont véhiculés par l’opinion publique et les médias au sujet de la détérioration du comportement des jeunes à l’école. Cependant, peu de données scientifiques sont disponibles pour appuyer ces dires. En comparant, sur des mesures d’adaptation sociale et scolaire, deux cohortes d’élèves (12-13 ans) d’une même école secondaire (1996 et 2005), cette étude montre que les élèves de 2005 s’adapteraient mieux à leur milieu scolaire que ceux de 1996. Des hypothèses concernant la concertation des équipes scolaires et le partenariat école-famille sont finalement formulées pour expliquer les différences relevées entre les deux cohortes.For some years, public opinion and the media convey alarmist comments concerning the deterioration of current students’ behaviour. However, little scientific data is available to support these statements. By comparing the results of two student cohorts (aged 12-13) from the same high school (1996 and 2005) on measures of social and school adaptation, this study demonstrates that the school and social adaptation for 2005 students is more positive compared with that of 1996 students. Finally, some hypotheses are presented concerning the effect of dialogue between school staff and school-family partnership to explain the differences observed between these two cohorts.Desde hace algunos años, se trasmiten unos comentarios alarmistas por la opinión pública y los medios acerca de la deterioración del comportamiento de los jóvenes en la escuela. Sin embargo, se cuenta con pocos datos científicos para apoyar estas afirmaciones. Comparando a dos grupos de alumnos (12-13 años) de una misma escuela secundaria (1996 y 2005), tomando como base algunas medidas de adaptación social y escolar, el presente estudio muestra que los alumnos de 2005 se adaptarían mejor a su ámbito escolar que los de 1996. Por terminar, se formulan algunas hipótesis acerca de la concertación de los colaboradores del medio escolar y la cooperación escuela-familia para explicar las diferencias encontradas entre los dos grupos

Description of \u3ci\u3eHydrosmectomorpha\u3c/i\u3e Klimaszewski and Webster, a new subgenus of \u3ci\u3eAtheta\u3c/i\u3e C. G. Thomson, with three new Canadian species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

A new subgenus, Hydrosmectomorpha Klimaszewski and Webster, of the genus Atheta C. G. Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) is erected to accommodate three new species and Atheta newfoundlandica (Klimaszewski and Langor). The new species are: Atheta (Hydrosmectomorpha) meduxnekeagensis Webster and Klimaszewski, new species; Atheta (Hydrosmectomorpha) quebecensis Webster and Klimaszewski, new species, Atheta (Hydrosmectomorpha) vincenti Webster and Klimaszewski, new species. The new species are described, illustrated, and a key is provided. Atheta newfoundlandica (Klimaszewski and Langor), was recently transferred from Hydrosmecta C.G. Thomson to an unspecified subgenus of Atheta. New habitat/collection data are presented for the treated species

Forty new records of aleocharine beetles, and two new species in the genera \u3ci\u3eAcrotona\u3c/i\u3e Thomson and \u3ci\u3eAtheta\u3c/i\u3e Thomson, for the province of Manitoba, Canada (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

Forty new provincial records, including two new aleocharine species for the province of Manitoba (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are provided. The two new species, Acrotona manitobensis Klimaszewski and Godin, new species, and Atheta manitobae Klimaszewski and Godin, new species, are described and illustrated. Habitat information and new locality records are provided for the newly recorded species. The current number of Aleocharinae in Manitoba stands at 120 species, including 40 new records and two new species described here. A checklist of all currently recorded species from the province, with their distribution records in Canada and USA, is included

Forty new records of aleocharine beetles, and two new species in the genera \u3ci\u3eAcrotona\u3c/i\u3e Thomson and \u3ci\u3eAtheta\u3c/i\u3e Thomson, for the province of Manitoba, Canada (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

Forty new provincial records, including two new aleocharine species for the province of Manitoba (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) are provided. The two new species, Acrotona manitobensis Klimaszewski and Godin, new species, and Atheta manitobae Klimaszewski and Godin, new species, are described and illustrated. Habitat information and new locality records are provided for the newly recorded species. The current number of Aleocharinae in Manitoba stands at 120 species, including 40 new records and two new species described here. A checklist of all currently recorded species from the province, with their distribution records in Canada and USA, is included

First record of Thecturota tenuissima Casey from Canada (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)

Thecturota tenuissima Casey, is reported for the first time from Canada, based on records from Ontario and Quebec. It was originally described from Rhode Island, USA, and no other records of this species in North America were published since that time. The specimens from Canada were captured by car netting. We provide here a redescription of this species and never before published images of habitus, tergite, and sternite VIII of both sexes, median lobe of aedeagus and spermatheca. The features distinguishing T. tenuissima from T. capito Casey (=pusio (Casey)), the only other species reported in Canada, are provided and illustrated

Emulsions for interfacial filtration.

We have investigated a novel emulsion interfacial filter that is applicable for a wide range of materials, from nano-particles to cells and bacteria. This technology uses the interface between the two immiscible phases as the active surface area for adsorption of targeted materials. We showed that emulsion interfaces can effectively collect and trap materials from aqueous solution. We tested two aqueous systems, a bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and coal bed methane produced water (CBMPW). Using a pendant drop technique to monitor the interfacial tension, we demonstrated that materials in both samples were adsorbed to the liquid-liquid interface, and did not readily desorb. A prototype system was built to test the emulsion interfacial filter concept. For the BSA system, a protein assay showed a progressive decrease in the residual BSA concentration as the sample was processed. Based on the initial prototype operation, we propose an improved system design

Evaluation of the dystrophin carboxy-terminal domain for micro-dystrophin gene therapy in cardiac and skeletal muscles in the DMDmdx rat model

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle wasting disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin. Gene therapy using micro-dystrophin (MD) transgenes and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors hold great promise. To overcome the limited packaging capacity of rAAV vectors, most MD do not include dystrophin carboxy-terminal (CT) domain. Yet, the CT domain is known to recruit α1- and β1-syntrophins and α-dystrobrevin, a part of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), which is a signaling and structural mediator of muscle cells. In this study, we explored the impact of inclusion of the dystrophin CT domain on ΔR4-23/ΔCT MD (MD1), in DMDmdx rats, which allows for relevant evaluations at muscular and cardiac levels. We showed by LC-MS/MS that MD1 expression is sufficient to restore the interactions at a physiological level of most DAPC partners in skeletal and cardiac muscles, and that inclusion of the CT domain increases the recruitment of some DAPC partners at supra-physiological levels. In parallel, we demonstrated that inclusion of the CT domain does not improve MD1 therapeutic efficacy on DMD muscle and cardiac pathologies. Our work highlights new evidences of the therapeutic potential of MD1 and strengthens the relevance of this candidate for gene therapy of DMD

Low level of Fibrillarin, a ribosome biogenesis factor, is a new independent marker of poor outcome in breast cancer

International audienceBackground: A current critical need remains in the identification of prognostic and predictive markers in early breast cancer. It appears that a distinctive trait of cancer cells is their addiction to hyperactivation of ribosome biogenesis. Thus, ribosome biogenesis might be an innovative source of biomarkers that remains to be evaluated. Methods: Here, fibrillarin (FBL) was used as a surrogate marker of ribosome biogenesis due to its essential role in the early steps of ribosome biogenesis and its association with poor prognosis in breast cancer when overexpressed. Using 3,275 non-metastatic primary breast tumors, we analysed FBL mRNA expression levels and protein nucleolar organisation. Usage of TCGA dataset allowed transcriptomic comparison between the different FBL expression levelsrelated breast tumours. Results: We unexpectedly discovered that in addition to breast tumours expressing high level of FBL, about 10% of the breast tumors express low level of FBL. A correlation between low FBL mRNA level and lack of FBL detection at protein level using immunohistochemistry was observed. Interestingly, multivariate analyses revealed that these low FBL tumors displayed poor outcome compared to current clinical gold standards. Transcriptomic data revealed that FBL expression is proportionally associated with distinct amount of ribosomes, low FBL level being associated with low amount of ribosomes. Moreover, the molecular programs supported by low and high FBL expressing tumors were distinct. Conclusion: Altogether, we identified FBL as a powerful ribosome biogenesis-related independent marker of breast cancer outcome. Surprisingly we unveil a dual association of the ribosome biogenesis FBL factor with prognosis. These data suggest that hyper-but also hypo-activation of ribosome biogenesis are molecular traits of distinct tumors

The BLLAST field experiment: Boundary-Layer late afternoon and sunset turbulence

Due to the major role of the sun in heating the earth's surface, the atmospheric planetary boundary layer over land is inherently marked by a diurnal cycle. The afternoon transition, the period of the day that connects the daytime dry convective boundary layer to the night-time stable boundary layer, still has a number of unanswered scientific questions. This phase of the diurnal cycle is challenging from both modelling and observational perspectives: it is transitory, most of the forcings are small or null and the turbulence regime changes from fully convective, close to homogeneous and isotropic, toward a more heterogeneous and intermittent state. These issues motivated the BLLAST (Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence) field campaign that was conducted from 14 June to 8 July 2011 in southern France, in an area of complex and heterogeneous terrain. A wide range of instrumented platforms including full-size aircraft, remotely piloted aircraft systems, remote-sensing instruments, radiosoundings, tethered balloons, surface flux stations and various meteorological towers were deployed over different surface types. The boundary layer, from the earth's surface to the free troposphere, was probed during the entire day, with a focus and intense observation periods that were conducted from midday until sunset. The BLLAST field campaign also provided an opportunity to test innovative measurement systems, such as new miniaturized sensors, and a new technique for frequent radiosoundings of the low troposphere. Twelve fair weather days displaying various meteorological conditions were extensively documented during the field experiment. The boundary-layer growth varied from one day to another depending on many contributions including stability, advection, subsidence, the state of the previous day's residual layer, as well as local, meso- or synoptic scale conditions. Ground-based measurements combined with tethered-balloon and airborne observations captured the turbulence decay from the surface throughout the whole boundary layer and documented the evolution of the turbulence characteristic length scales during the transition period. Closely integrated with the field experiment, numerical studies are now underway with a complete hierarchy of models to support the data interpretation and improve the model representations.publishedVersio

Prevalence and architecture of de novo mutations in developmental disorders.

The genomes of individuals with severe, undiagnosed developmental disorders are enriched in damaging de novo mutations (DNMs) in developmentally important genes. Here we have sequenced the exomes of 4,293 families containing individuals with developmental disorders, and meta-analysed these data with data from another 3,287 individuals with similar disorders. We show that the most important factors influencing the diagnostic yield of DNMs are the sex of the affected individual, the relatedness of their parents, whether close relatives are affected and the parental ages. We identified 94 genes enriched in damaging DNMs, including 14 that previously lacked compelling evidence of involvement in developmental disorders. We have also characterized the phenotypic diversity among these disorders. We estimate that 42% of our cohort carry pathogenic DNMs in coding sequences; approximately half of these DNMs disrupt gene function and the remainder result in altered protein function. We estimate that developmental disorders caused by DNMs have an average prevalence of 1 in 213 to 1 in 448 births, depending on parental age. Given current global demographics, this equates to almost 400,000 children born per year