Impact of osteopathic manipulative treatment on range of motion of the pelvis during the one-sided tilt test: a pilot study

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CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5\sigma$, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.0447

Performance and characterization of the SPT-3G digital frequency-domain multiplexed readout system using an improved noise and crosstalk model

The third-generation South Pole Telescope camera (SPT-3G) improves upon its predecessor (SPTpol) by an order of magnitude increase in detectors on the focal plane. The technology used to read out and control these detectors, digital frequency-domain multiplexing (DfMUX), is conceptually the same as used for SPTpol, but extended to accommodate more detectors. A nearly 5× expansion in the readout operating bandwidth has enabled the use of this large focal plane, and SPT-3G performance meets the forecasting targets relevant to its science objectives. However, the electrical dynamics of the higher-bandwidth readout differ from predictions based on models of the SPTpol system due to the higher frequencies used and parasitic impedances associated with new cryogenic electronic architecture. To address this, we present an updated derivation for electrical crosstalk in higher-bandwidth DfMUX systems and identify two previously uncharacterized contributions to readout noise, which become dominant at high bias frequency. The updated crosstalk and noise models successfully describe the measured crosstalk and readout noise performance of SPT-3G. These results also suggest specific changes to warm electronics component values, wire-harness properties, and SQUID parameters, to improve the readout system for future experiments using DfMUX, such as the LiteBIRD space telescope

CMB-S4

We describe the stage 4 cosmic microwave background ground-based experiment CMB-S4

CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Abstract: CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

L' Écriture de l'histoire dans les autobiographies de soldats de l'Espagne Moderne ((Contreras, Pasamonte, Castro, Duque de Estrada))

Les récits des quatre soldats évoqués dans le présent travail, sont des autobiographies. Par conséquent, ils sont centrés sur la trajectoire vitale de leurs auteurs. Certes, il ne faut pas s attendre à y découvrir des écrits introspectifs au sens entendu par Philippe Lejeune dans sa définition. Mais tout en restant des écritures de leur époque, le modèle adopté présente un certain nombre de caractéristiques communes avec l autobiographie actuelle. L analyse des modalités d écriture de l histoire de soi permet de dévoiler les rouages narratologiques, parfois utilisés par les intéressés afin de se montrer sous une lumière favorable. A l époque l individu ne pouvait être dissocié de son rôle dans la société. La vie de ces soldats est donc intimement liée à l activité militaire ainsi qu à l histoire dans sa dimension événementielle. L étude de cette dernière montre que les quatre hommes n ont pas pour autant fait office d historien, même s ils ont été le bras armé du roi. Leur but n était pas non plus d écrire des mémoires. Si parfois le narrateur transcrit l événement car il le juge digne d intérêt ou désire émettre une opinion à son encontre, dans la majorité des cas, l histoire n est qu un matériau utile aux soldats pour s attribuer des comportements héroïques, réels ou imaginés, voire volés . Ils écrivent des historias poéticas pour reprendre l expression de Guzmán de Alfarache. De l écriture de l histoire événementielle et de l histoire de soi naît une histoire poétique des mentalités, basée sur les attitudes exagérées ou picaresques des quatre soldats, renforçant encore davantage l aspect poétique des récits.The four soldiers stories are autobiographies and are therefore based on their authors life trajectory. Of course, we do not expect to discover any introspective writing like the ones that Philippe Lejeune mentions in his definition. Yet, while these writings remain typical of their period, the model adopted has a certain number of common characteristics with present-day autobiography. Also the analysis of the different modes of the writing of the self makes it possible to discover the narratological devices sometimes used by the soldiers in order to present themselves in a favourable light. At that time an individual could not be seen separately from his or her role in society, and these soldiers lives are very intimately connected to military activity as well as history. This study shows that these four authors did not necessarily act as historians, although they were part of the armed wing of the king of Spain. Their goal was not writing memoirs. If sometimes the narrator transcribes an event because he judges it interesting or wants to express an opinion about it, in the majority of cases, history is only a material used by him to demonstrate his real or imagined heroic behaviour. They end up writing historias poéticas as said Guzmán de Alfarache. Therefore, written history and the writing of the self function reveal a poetical history of mentalities drawn from the four soldiers exaggerated or picaresque behaviours, which increase the poetical aspect of the stories.MONTPELLIER-BU Lettres (341722103) / SudocSudocFranceF