HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CEFOPERAZONE AND SULBACTAM IN RAT PLASMA AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING

Objective: To study the Therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetics of marketed antibiotics formulation by developing a sensitive and specific Bioanalytical Chromatographic method. Methods: In the present study, we developed a rapid, sensitive and selective chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of Cefoperazone (CEF) And Sulbactam (SAL) in male Wistar rat plasma. A novel liquid phase extraction method has adopted the preparation of plasma sample preparation. The CEF and SAL were eluted on a peerless Basic C18 (25 cm; 4.6 mm x 5 µm) column maintained at controlled environmental conditions. The gradient mobile phase comprised of 10 mmol ammonium acetate and acetonitrile. A UV detector was set at 250 nm and retention times for CEF and SAL were approximately 5.6 and 14.2 min, respectively. The proposed HPLC method was validated according to the US FDA guidelines with respect to the linearity, accuracy, precision, detection and quantitation limits, robustness and specificity. Results: Calibration curves of CEF and SAL were linear across the concentration range of 600-1000 and 6-10 µg/ml, with correlation coefficients (r2)>0.9977 and (r2)>0.9987, respectively. The limits of detection for CEF and SAL were 70.48 and 0.35 µg/ml, respectively. Additionally, CEF and SAL were stable in plasma for at least 24 h when stored at room temperature and 2-8 °C.  Conclusion: The developed chromatographic method was effectively utilized to measure the plasma CEF and SAL concentrations in a pharmacokinetics study after intravenous injection to the healthy male Wistar rats

Influence of polymer ratio and surfactants on controlled drug release from cellulosic microsponges

Microsponge refers to a highly cross-linked particle system with a capacity to adsorb (like a dry sponge) pharmaceutical materials. There are various methods available to prepare microsponge formulations, in this study we used quasi emulsion-solvent diffusion method with a combination of hydrophobic (ethyl cellulose) and hydrophilic polymers (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) mediated via Tween 80 and polyvinyl alcohol. Various ratios and amounts of the polymers and surfactants were used to prepare microsponge formulations using ketoprofen as a model drug and extensively characterised. Our results, for the first time, indicate successful and optimised formulation with desired pharmaceutical characteristics using a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers

Formulation and Evaluation of Optimized Oxybenzone Microsponge Gel for Topical Delivery

Background. Oxybenzone, a broad spectrum sunscreen agent widely used in the form of lotion and cream, has been reported to cause skin irritation, dermatitis, and systemic absorption. Aim. The objective of the present study was to formulate oxybenzone loaded microsponge gel for enhanced sun protection factor with reduced toxicity. Material and Method. Microsponge for topical delivery of oxybenzone was successfully prepared by quasiemulsion solvent diffusion method. The effects of ethyl cellulose and dichloromethane were optimized by the 3 2 factorial design. The optimized microsponges were dispersed into the hydrogel and further evaluated. Results. The microsponges were spherical with pore size in the range of 0.10-0.22 m. The optimized formulation possesses the particle size and entrapment efficiency of 72 ± 0.77 m and 96.9 ± 0.52%, respectively. The microsponge gel showed the controlled release and was nonirritant to the rat skin. In creep recovery test it had shown highest recovery indicating elasticity. The controlled release of oxybenzone from microsponge and barrier effect of gel result in prolonged retention of oxybenzone with reduced permeation activity. Conclusion. Evaluation study revealed remarkable and enhanced topical retention of oxybenzone for prolonged period of time. It also showed the enhanced sun protection factor compared to the marketed preparation with reduced irritation and toxicity