Promover el aprendizaje de conocimientos y prácticas investigativas en el grado : desafíos en contexto de enseñanza en virtualidad en Córdoba en el año 2020

En esta presentación nos proponemos reflexionar sobre la experiencia de enseñanza -aprendizaje que desarrollamos como equipo de cátedra de la asignatura Metodología de la Investigación Social I en contexto de virtualidad por pandemia de Covid-19 en el año 2020. La materia se dicta en el segundo año de la Licenciatura en Trabajo Social de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Si bien entendemos a la investigación como fundante del Trabajo Social, en la historia de su constitución como profesión ésta tuvo un papel subsidiario respecto de la intervención. A ello se suma la mirada subalterna de las ciencias sociales que existe en el campo científico y que el sistema educativo tiende a reproducir. Asimismo, el hecho de que investigar es un oficio y que –como señala Catalina Wainerman - no se aprende en un curso de metodología. De allí que el esfuerzo que debemos hacer como equipo docente atraviesa diversos desafíos: enseñar a investigar en una carrera marcada por su historia y perfil profesional, en que la producción de conocimiento en el campo se orienta más a la sistematización y análisis de las intervenciones que de producción científica académica; desarrollar habilidades y prácticas de investigación a partir de la recuperación de temáticas que el campo profesional del trabajo social aborda (género, derechos, educación pública, entre otras), en el ejercicio crítico de transformar un problema social en preguntas de investigación; generar procesos de aprendizajes en un contexto de masividad y disminución de la carga horaria, lo que fue trastocado además en el año 2020 por las transformaciones que supuso la enseñanza en la virtualidad en el marco de la pandemia. En esta ponencia presentamos y reflexionamos sobre estos desafíos, las decisiones curriculares y las estrategias pedagógicas que implementamos en dicho contexto y las potencialidades, problemáticas y aprendizajes que recuperamos del proceso.Fil: Acevedo, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba.Fil: Bosio, María Teresa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba.Fil: Franco, María José. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba

No evidence for local adaptation of dengue viruses to mosquito vector populations in Thailand

International audienceDespite their epidemiological importance, the evolutionary forces that shape the spatial structure of dengue virus genetic diversity are not fully understood. Fine-scale genetic structure of mosquito vector populations and evidence for genotype 9 genotype interactions between dengue viruses and their mosquito vectors are consistent with the hypothesis that the geographical distribution of dengue virus genetic diversity may reflect viral adaptation to local mosquito populations. To test this hypothesis, we measured vector competence in all sympatric and allo-patric combinations of 14 low-passage dengue virus isolates and two wild-type populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes sampled in Bangkok and Kamphaeng Phet, two sites located about 300 km apart in Thailand. Despite significant genotype 9 genotype interactions, we found no evidence for superior vector competence in sympatric versus allopatric vector–virus combinations. Viral phylogenetic analysis revealed no geographical clustering of the 14 isolates, suggesting that high levels of viral migration (gene flow) in Thailand may counteract spatially heterogeneous natural selection. We conclude that it is unlikely that vector mediated selection is a major driver of dengue virus adaptive evolution at the regional scale that we examined. Dengue virus local adaptation to mosquito vector populations could happen, however, in places or times that we did not test, or at a different geographical scale

Alternative patterns of sex chromosome differentiation in Aedes aegypti (L).

BACKGROUND: Some populations of West African Aedes aegypti, the dengue and zika vector, are reproductively incompatible; our earlier study showed that divergence and rearrangements of genes on chromosome 1, which bears the sex locus (M), may be involved. We also previously described a proposed cryptic subspecies SenAae (PK10, Senegal) that had many more high inter-sex FST genes on chromosome 1 than did Ae.aegypti aegypti (Aaa, Pai Lom, Thailand). The current work more thoroughly explores the significance of those findings. RESULTS: Intersex standardized variance (FST) of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was characterized from genomic exome capture libraries of both sexes in representative natural populations of Aaa and SenAae. Our goal was to identify SNPs that varied in frequency between males and females, and most were expected to occur on chromosome 1. Use of the assembled AaegL4 reference alleviated the previous problem of unmapped genes. Because the M locus gene nix was not captured and not present in AaegL4, the male-determining locus, per se, was not explored. Sex-associated genes were those with FST values ≥ 0.100 and/or with increased expected heterozygosity (H exp , one-sided T-test, p < 0.05) in males. There were 85 genes common to both collections with high inter-sex FST values; all genes but one were located on chromosome 1. Aaa showed the expected cluster of high inter-sex FST genes proximal to the M locus, whereas SenAae had inter-sex FST genes along the length of chromosome 1. In addition, the Aaa M-locus proximal region showed increased H exp levels in males, whereas SenAae did not. In SenAae, chromosomal rearrangements and subsequent suppressed recombination may have accelerated X-Y differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence presented here is consistent with differential evolution of proto-Y chromosomes in Aaa and SenAae

Development of a Nomogram Predicting the Risk of Persistence/Recurrence of Cervical Dysplasia

Background: Cervical dysplasia persistence/recurrence has a great impact on women's health and quality of life. In this study, we investigated whether a prognostic nomogram may improve risk assessment after primary conization. Methods: This is a retrospective multi-institutional study based on charts of consecutive patients undergoing conization between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014. A nomogram assessing the importance of different variables was built. A cohort of patients treated between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2016 was used to validate the nomogram. Results: A total of 2966 patients undergoing primary conization were analyzed. The median (range) patient age was 40 (18-89) years. At 5-year of follow-up, 6% of patients (175/2966) had developed a persistent/recurrent cervical dysplasia. Median (range) recurrence-free survival was 18 (5-52) months. Diagnosis of CIN3, presence of HR-HPV types, positive endocervical margins, HPV persistence, and the omission of HPV vaccination after conization increased significantly and independently of the risk of developing cervical dysplasia persistence/recurrence. A nomogram weighting the impact of all variables was built with a C-Index of 0.809. A dataset of 549 patients was used to validate the nomogram, with a C-index of 0.809. Conclusions: The present nomogram represents a useful tool for counseling women about their risk of persistence/recurrence after primary conization. HPV vaccination after conization is associated with a reduced risk of CIN2+

The polymorphism L412F in TLR3 inhibits autophagy and is a marker of severe COVID-19 in males

The polymorphism L412F in TLR3 has been associated with several infectious diseases. However, the mechanism underlying this association is still unexplored. Here, we show that the L412F polymorphism in TLR3 is a marker of severity in COVID-19. This association increases in the sub-cohort of males. Impaired macroautophagy/autophagy and reduced TNF/TNFα production was demonstrated in HEK293 cells transfected with TLR3L412F-encoding plasmid and stimulated with specific agonist poly(I:C). A statistically significant reduced survival at 28 days was shown in L412F COVID-19 patients treated with the autophagy-inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (p = 0.038). An increased frequency of autoimmune disorders such as co-morbidity was found in L412F COVID-19 males with specific class II HLA haplotypes prone to autoantigen presentation. Our analyses indicate that L412F polymorphism makes males at risk of severe COVID-19 and provides a rationale for reinterpreting clinical trials considering autophagy pathways. Abbreviations: AP: autophagosome; AUC: area under the curve; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; COVID-19: coronavirus disease-2019; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; RAP: rapamycin; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TLR: toll like receptor; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor